Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2013 number 6

The author analyzes the role of mathematical knowledge in the formation of the ideas about one of the central characteristics of the Western civilization, rationality. The influence of historically arising ideals of mathematical knowledge on the conceptions about the characteristics of rationality is considered. At the same time, historicity and variability of understanding of the nature of mathematical knowledge, their connection with philosophical systems and their general cultural influence are analyzed.

The authors analyze the genesis of science and reflect on its current state and the laws governing its development, show the differentiation and integration of postmodern science as an expression of the gnoseological progress. Much attention is paid to the methodology of the Western and domestic science. Considering the content of modern science, the authors substantiate the position that the science, which is based on logic and rationalism, is devoid of anthropological content and requires replacement. Thus, the authors conclude that the replacement of modern science has to happen in the near future, and it will become holistic, based on a non-dualistic logic.

The problem of integration of scientific research into teaching philosophy is considered. It is specified that the condition and characteristics of various types of philosophy define possibilities of solution of this problem. In particular, on the example of analysis of the history of solution and the present state of the truth problem in analytic philosophy, there are emphasized its advantages as that type of philosophy which can provide solution of the considered problem.

The paper analyzes the specifics of the modernization processes in Russia. It is shown that in the emerging knowledge economy based on the knowledge-intensive industries, the importance of integration of science and education is increasing. It is substantiated that close cooperation between scientific and educational spheres will provide qualified personnel and intellectual resource potential for the country’s transition to innovative development in the conditions of modernization of the main spheres of the modern Russian society.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the contents and meanings of the present stage of social development in its relationship with education and science, the role and symbols of education in modern society. There is investigated the specificity of social development in the late XX – early XXI century. There is shown the relationship and differences between the various levels of post-industrial society, such as information society, knowledge society and innovation society. There is substantiated the specificity of the educational systems at these stages of social organization. The authors’ contribution is the substantiation of different roles and contents of education in various forms of organization of modern society, the knowledge-based and the innovative ones.

Nowadays there exist two worldviews on culture. The first one is reduced to the idea that culture should have the national and, in some cases, ethnical character. The second view is universalized; according to it, culture ought to become general and global, cultural differences should vanish. From the point of view of supporters of this conception, differences hinder the formation of new global world and creation of a global ethnos. Due to modern economic and political conditions in the world, when the globalization processes are gaining momentum, the position of universalism pretend to have a leading role.

In the article there is considered an ontological approach to the development of spiritual values of noospheric civilization. There is investigated the possibility of transition to noospheric society through the formation of noospheric spiritual values, noospheric needs, noospheric worldview and noospheric consciousness. There is revealed the essence of the formation of moral values and their relationship with material values in the process of noosphere formation. There is examined the impact of science on the formation of spiritual values. The “noospherization” of the spiritual production is associated with the ecological orientation of scientific knowledge. A special role is assigned to the ecological ethics component of education and upbringing. An important role in forming the spiritual values should be given to the scientific work. There is noted the relationship between environmental education and noosphere. There is given a definition of the noospheric spiritual values.

In the article, the philosophical aspects of modern development of intellectual culture are considered. It is indicated that, in modern society, there takes place rather intensively the process of intellectualization of work, changing the social role and functions of education in its development. In the present social and cultural situations, education has a greater responsibility. The meanings and priorities of educational policy of Russia, the philosophical bases of new educational concepts can really predetermine the prospects of development of intellectual culture of modern and future generations.

The problematic status of rationality is evident not only in science but also in moral and political contexts. The value pluralism and epistemic limitations of the decision-making subject widen the gap between the requirements of rationality and normativity and hinder making individual and collective decisions. The postulates of practical rationality in social contexts need critical reassessment, concerning their instrumental aspect and the requirements of epistemic and axiological rationality.

The author examines the crisis in the social institution of fatherhood in modern Russia, its various aspects and implications for the socialization of new generations, social and political order, culture and political modernization. Using the methodology and theory of psychoanalysis, the author explores not only the social and psychological pathologies arising from the crisis, but also a broader political context. The content of the latter is the conflict between mature and infantile people both in political elite and in masses. In the search for the psycho-historical foundations of the current situation, the author refers to psychoanalysis of the personality of Ivan the Terrible and Stalin.

The problem of meaning of history is discussed using the categories of testing and universally valid values. The fundamental testing processes accompany the natural processes of taking shape and the artificial processes of constructing. It is shown that it is exactly the processes of testing on various scales that play a key role in history. Since security, freedom and happiness of people depend mostly on the level of protection of the universal values (the minimal values, the thin layer of values), the meaning of human history is revealed as a global self-testing of the human race’s ability to implement these values in the tough conditions of competition and scarcity of resources.

The author analyzes Emile Durkheim’s concept of moral upbringing and its role in the contemporary school education. It is shown that, according to this concept, three interdependent qualities lie in the foundation of moral life in the modern society: the spirit of discipline, belonging to social groups and the personal autonomy; thus, the morals in the society of modernism becomes secular and ceases to be a code of eternal norms, having a sacred nature. Durkheim believed that the essence of the individual moral is determined by the duties toward society. Accordingly, social solidarity is a condition of moral upbringing, as well as its goal; and, the purpose of moral upbringing can be adequately defined only in a particular social-cultural context.

The level of people’s literacy is a problem of state importance. The decline of literacy among the speakers of the modern Russian language bears witness to the decline of culture and society in general and the decrease of the level of national consciousness, which ultimately leads to disappearance of national identity and failing of the state in some basic conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government.

The article considers the main interpretations and strategies of soft power in the contemporary international relations in the framework of SCO. According to the suggested hypothesis, the soft power discourse is an important instrument of political influence. On the basis of discourse-analysis of the SCO documents, there are revealed the main ideas of the SCO soft power strategy. According to the authors, the structural components of the soft power are: economic attractiveness, human capital of the country, cultural capital, diplomatic, political and media resources. The greatest attention is paid to the Chinese national model of soft power.

In the article, an attempt to answers the following questions is made: what can our contemporary learn from the fantasy fiction works about “popadanets” (“people getting to some strange places”); how it corresponds to the current crisis of education; what social request has been involuntarily realized by the domestic fantasy fiction, which has generated a big wave of works about “popadanets”? The conclusion is made that this social request is the need for a new relation between the person, his/her education and the type of civilizational development in modern Russia. It is being carried out by the “popadancheskaya” fantasy fiction, which describes a subject, who is inclined to change the world by relying on the advanced knowledge and world outlook.

The article is devoted to the issue of increasing the effectiveness of the «Science – Education» system. In the modern process of teaching foreign languages, in the epoch of the educational paradigm changing, there is quite necessary a more rational usage of the achievements of science for the development of innovative methods of optimal, adequate formation of the communicative competence of the future expert.

The author analyzes the dynamics of the transition of the unconscious into conscious when new knowledge is formed, and the border between the conscious and unconscious is relative and mobile. It is substantiated that all mental processes, while reflecting the reality, carry out regulatory function in relation to movements, actions or acts. This function is carried out also by consciousness with its function of reflection of the world and itself. The author substantiates that the level of awareness of the processes of mental reflection varies in a wide range: from the acts of the information transformation occurring absolutely unconsciously to the operations over the consciousness completely supervised by it.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities and development of the Russian education, associated with inversion – periodic change of the conservative and liberal pedagogical paradigms. The purpose of the article is to prove the need to overcome the «catching-up» type of development of the domestic education, historically due to the inversion of the pedagogical paradigms. The authors substantiate the possibility of a harmonious combination of constructive ideas and practices of both paradigms based on national tolerance in education, defining its new quality.

This article is devoted to the problem of social adaptation of personality in modern Russian society. The aim and the main theme of the offered publication are related to consideration of the recommendations of ancient thinkers on social adaptation in the aspect of using them in modern education. The author analyses the sources in scientific interpretation of the adaptive approach, derives the general tendencies which are characteristic for them. In the final portion of the article, the conclusions of the author are given on the possibility of including the presented material into the pedagogical process. On the whole, the contribution of the author is related to certain recommendations for the problem of the content of personality’s social resources, which is not sufficiently studied in modern science.

The author analyses the content and the essence of postmodernist education on the examples of the teachings of M. Fuko, S. Mondale, I. Grosvenor, K. Maers, I. Iliich, G.Talor Gato and shows that for these teachings there is characteristic close relation with politics. In the industrial epoch, child’s development is oriented to the “childhood industry”. So, pedagogy sets three goals: formation of the good person, formation of the good citizen and the development of child’s practical abilities. But at present time, a fourth goal has become dominant: the formation of bad abilities and bad inclinations for the interests of business and commerce. To sum up, the author indicates the necessity to eradicate the fourth aim by means of humanization of education and endowing it with the anthropological qualities.

The paper examines the key issues of the educational system. There is substantiated the necessity of creating a unified paradigm to define the goals, objectives, methods and means of education. Communicative and information technologies have a significant impact on the consciousness and behavior of the modern person. Under the influence of IT-technology, the way of thinking in human learning changes, and the formation of scientific world picture occurs. The person, living in the era of information society, changes its cognitive style. Due to the growing fragmentation of consciousness, widespread video clip thinking, the person’s mentality is being destroyed, he/she is losing his/her identity. There take place degenerative changes in people’s behavior, there is formed an objective basis for manipulating them.

The article describes the role of inertia in the development of the Russian educational system. It is argued that during the period of reforms in the 1990th the inertia mechanisms carried out a protective function of the system, maintaining its stability and institutional integrity. The author suggests that today inertia has a serious impact not only on the institutional development but on the ideological character of the educational sphere as well. The inertia mechanisms replace the values by social routines and habits, thus, giving rise to the new social attitudes and patterns of behavior.

In the article there are analyzed the social phenomena, whose structure and content are undergoing significant changes due to the mass adoption of electronic communications: the Internet, cellular systems, geopositioning and various software products, which realize the possibilities of these technical systems for a variety of human needs. It is concluded that there takes place a qualitative change of the specifics of the customary social phenomena. On one hand, it is required to understand this qualitative specificity, on the other hand, to interpret them in terms of the well-known concept of social ontology.

The problem of ecological education in the context of holistic understanding of social-ecological and natural regularities is considered, which is connected with the direct conceptual-practical activity and introducing the person to the ecological culture. In the conceptual aspect there are revealed the regularities of relations between the person and the world; in the applied aspect, a way is proposed to the reconstruction of optimal dynamical natural-cultural-social being (ecological-cultural-creative being) of humans in the world.

The article examines the emergence of non-state education in Russia and the specificities of its development. The author studies the stages of development of domestic private education, describes their features and the difficulties encountered by the non-state sector of education during its formation period. In the article the author focuses attention on the fact that, although throughout the entire period non-state education has been under a strict control by the state, the development of non-state education has been very dynamic.

On the basis of abstract and logical approach, there are considered the theoretical issues of the future conceptual development of an educational paradigm from a position of reconsideration of the world outlook and the understanding of the role of educational process as means of knowledge acquisition as the knowledge is needed by the society. There is presented a substantiated algorithm of development and mastering new knowledge from the point of view of administrative functions while singling out the predictive function. There are proposed the stages of mastering new knowledge in the educational process. From the positions of control theory, there is considered the control contour, consisting of the vector of purpose, the vector of the current state and the vector of mistake. Thus, a system vision is presented of the process of receiving new knowledge as it is needed by the society.

Informatization of the society has led to some important changes in the information environment and the learner. In reality, a new education is emerging. It is developing rapidly and is poorly predictable. This is a basis for understanding of the regularities, well-known in pedagogy, which determine the effectiveness of the educational process. The purpose of education is being changed together with its content and the didactic principles. The authors examine each didactic position separately, with the analysis of its status in the new conditions of multimedia education. A conclusion from this analysis is the need of scientific and methodological development of a new vision of didactics and its realization by the teachers.

An analysis of the features of pedagogical monitoring in the higher education institution is carried out in the article. The principles, contents, structure and role of pedagogical monitoring in the military higher education institution are examined. It is proposed to improve the quality of education in the military higher education institution by means of the rating system of education. The aim of the article is an analysis of the features of the pedagogical monitoring in the higher education institution, in particular, its essence, structures and contents. In the research, monitoring is presented as a many-sided and all-round observation of the studied pedagogical process that enables not only to support the mode of innovative activity and to realize its program and aim but also to manage learning.

Science and education are like communicating vessels. Therefore, they represent a single sphere, defining the future of the country and nation. The Russian scientific and pedagogical community and its highest representation, Russian Academy of Sciences, having agreed with the false thesis of «de-politicization», have actually waived their constitutional rights and become a weak-willed target of violence by the dominating traitors. An analysis of the open scientific literature and electronic resources shows that the «liberal reformers», having destroyed the economy, are delivering final blows to science and education, suppressing the mind and soul of the nation. The pogrom (demolition) of the domestic scientific-educational sphere leads to destruction of the Russian statehood, which is in the interests of other States, primarily, the United States. Thus, a professional and civic duty of scientists and teachers is to do everything possible to stop the pogrom-makers and to put forward an alternative strategy for the Russian scientific-educational sphere.

The problem of interrelation of traditions and modernity in preservation of national cultures in the conditions of globalization of the XXI century is investigated. It is substantiated that preservation and development of the wealth of cultural diversity of the society is possible only by means of special social programs. The culture-creative schools can serve as the main mechanism of continuous transfer of culture to new generations, children and youth. The methodological principles of activity of such school are substantiated, and the practical experience of organization of culture-creative schools in the Altai region is presented.

The author analyzes the possibilities and prospects of alternative forms of state professional education: distance learning, information and computer technologies, corporate education. The author believes that business and non-profit organizations, reinforced by various means and tools of new technologies, will take up the place of the state in professional education.

In the article, the conditions and factors having impact on evolution of military education are considered. The author shows that the change of social-economic and political system determines a number of important features in the training of military personnel for the defence of the state. It is also shown how the transformations in the main spheres of life of the society lead to the changes in the military art, which is necessary for understanding of functioning of the system of military education. On one hand, the changing conditions and nature of conducting the armed fight cause the development of means and ways of conducting fighting actions by new types of armed forces; on the other hand, the same conditions influence the change of policy of the states in the area of military education.

There is analyzed in the article the role of game in the curriculum of the military personnel. The necessity for further integration of the game into the military education is shown. A philosophical analysis of using games in the training of the military personnel is carried out. The games that are used in military training and education are analyzed. The article considers the functions of game in the learning process. The recommendations regarding the implementation of the positive experience of the leading countries of the world on the use of game-based forms and methods of the military personnel training are offered.

The article presents the results of a study of the educational policy in Stalingrad in the years 1920–1940. There is presented the information about the features of the design and construction of the school factory training, which introduced a new system of teaching (the method of Dalton-plan), and the school buildings in the villages of the Stalingrad tractor factory, the participation in this work of architects I. Nikolaev, S. Sergeyev, E. Evdokimova and the Moscow muralists under the direction of L. Bruni.

The authors examine the category of a “subject of law” in the discourse of philosophy of education. At that, the fundamental ideas are the following two statements: first, the integrity of the society as a total subject is based on the integration of different kinds of social relations that make up the society, and, second, any social science as a whole in the unity of its subject becomes such when considering social phenomena through the prism of basic categories. The article focuses on the examination of the categories of a “subject of education” and a “subject of law” in the discourse of social philosophy and philosophy of education as its component.

The author analyzes the problems and prospects of reforming both the entire Russian education at its higher education level and the legal education, in particular. In the article there are reflected the contemporary conditions of the reform of higher education; presented the most complex issues facing higher education institutions that train lawyers, connected with ensuring the quality of the educational process and the success of their employment; evaluated the position of the state in supporting the reform of legal education. The author highlights the most promising areas of reforming legal education taking into consideration the objective needs of the modern Russian society.

The author analyzes the blogs of the Spanish Catholic web-site «InfoCatуlica» dedicated to the problems of secular education. Taking as ideal types three columnists (Catholic priests J. M. Iraburu and P. Trevijano Echeverria, and musician R. del Toro Sola), the author argues that the modern Christian web-sites can be an excellent resource not only for religious education but for the secular one too without any reduction of the latter to the former. In the chosen case, the author has perceived a variation of the competence approach, ethic education and esthetic one. In his argumentation, the author, without pretending to be comprehensive, distinguishes three types of Catholic activists: the traditionalists who place an emphasis on the canonic religious texts, Catholic «liberals» who are inclined to pure moralization and ideologically neutral aesthete-artists.

The article is devoted to the problem of classification of new religions as a contemporary phenomenon which is topical in the aspect of the transformation process of traditional religions as a result of modernization. The purpose of the work is specification of the peculiarities of new religions and the principles of their classification for introduction of the concept of new religions into the process of training the teaching personnel for the course “The Foundations of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics”. The criteria of drawing up classifications are considered, their limitation is specified by the framework of the chosen paradigm. The principles of drawing up classifications on the basis of communication with traditional religions are analyzed. The author’s variant of ordering new religions through the emphasis on the syncretic nature of their doctrines is offered.