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"Philosophy of Education"

2020 year, number 1

1.
FORMATION OF A NEW METHODOLOGY OF EDUCATION BY LEAVING THE EXISTING TECHNOGENIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL PARADIGM

S. A. Novosadov
Obninsk Institute of Atomic Energy, Naro-Fominsk, Russia
Keywords: система образования, методология, человек, социум, процесс, кризис, культура, педагогика, развитие, перспектива, education system, methodology, person, society, process, crisis, culture, pedagogy, development, perspective

Abstract >>
Introduction. Now in most countries of the world, and in particular in Russia, the Bologna system of higher education has been adopted, which in our opinion leads the education system to a pedagogical and educational crisis, and cannot meet the challenges of modernity and the near strategic future. The relevance of the identified problem led to the purpose of the work - on the basis of the analysis of the existing problems in the education system of the Russian Federation, to identify and formulate a new trajectory of the methodology of education, for its crisis-free development. For this purpose, the following tasks are defined: to carry out a brief historical and chronological review of the scientific periodicals; Assess the state of the existing educational system and its structure; Identify the main problem areas of its management efficiency; To propose a path to another methodology of the educational system; To give a new system and structure of education. Methodology and methods of the research. The study of the declared topic was carried out on the basis of educational-axiological methodology, using historical-chronological, system and process approaches, with emphasis on intuitive-thought, abstract and practical-experimental analysis. The proposed new concepts and definitions may be of interest for further philosophical reflection, development of the educational system in the country. The results of the research. The results of the comprehensive analysis show the damage to the further development of the existing educational system, which affects the general educational system, most importantly moral, ethical and cultural behaviour, both of the managerial «elite» and of the majority of society. The main setting for solving this problem is the formation of an individual with a human structure of psyche, in fact, it is a person living under the dictatorship of conscience, realizing his genetically built capabilities and creative potential, applying the power of will for this purpose. Without this, the entire proposed system is not viable. Moreover, the conclusion is drawn about the loss of philosophy, pedagogy, sociology and, in particular, philosophy of education, its main function, prognostic and cognitive. Conclusion. In order to overcome the educational crisis, it is proposed to change the trajectory of the development of the methodology of education. For this purpose, within the framework of the declared theme, two main stages of transition are given, which will be the basis for the development plan (road map) of the educational system in the tactical and strategic perspective. For the purpose of practical implementation of measures at the first stage of transformation, a scheme of a conditionally promising education system of Russia has been proposed. However, the work only outlines the contours and directions of the educational process, which, in our opinion, will lead to the creation of a human society capable of solving existing systemic crises and problems.



2.
MODEL OF A UNIFIED EDUCATIONAL SPACE AND(OR) PRESERVATION OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM?

M. A. Abramova
Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: международные сравнительные исследования, качество образования, стандарты обучения, рейтинг, национальная система образования, модель, international comparative studies, quality of education, training standards, rating, national education system, model

Abstract >>
Introduction. The article raises the problem of reflection of the goals and objectives of educational process management in Russia on the example of the adoption and use of ratings of international studies of countries in the field of education. Methodology and methods of the research. The analysis is based on an interdisciplinary approach using qualitative and quantitative research methodology, as well as a systematic approach that provides the possibility of analyzing the subject of research as an integral developing structure embedded in other system-structural formations. Under the quality assessment system in the field of education, we understand a set of tools that regulate the institutional behavior of participants in the educational process (schools, universities) to achieve results. The results of the research. Based on the previously conducted analysis of the quality of higher education and the implementation of digitalization programs, this article focuses on the use of methods of General education research and the creation of a unified system for assessing the quality of education in Russia (ESS). The author compares the goals of the State program of the Russian Federation «development of education» with the PISA indicators that determine the level of functional literacy of adolescents. It is concluded that despite the obvious benefits of conducting cross-country research, the state program does not form a vision of its own understanding of development goals and objectives Conclusion. Replacing the qualitative description of learning outcomes with quantitative evaluation parameters using international ratings helps to level the value of the experience of the Russian education system and, moreover, does not create conditions for the preservation and development of Russia’s cultural potential. The revealed violations of logic in the procedure for assessing the impact of all stages of the educational process, starting with the definition of the goal, focus attention on the need to introduce a new parameter-an assessment of the managerial impact that allowed or prevented the harmonious development of the education system.



3.
THE ESSAY AS A CREATIVE TASK IN EDUCATIONAL DIDACTIC IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION (results of empirical research)

M. N. Dudina
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: дидактика высшей школы, креативная деятельность, жанр эссе, творческое задание, самовыражение, самоидентификации личности, didactic in higher education, essay genre, creative task, self-expression, self-identification

Abstract >>
Introduction. The purpose of the publication is to present the theoretical and practical potential of the essay as a creative educational task in didactics of higher education, and its relevance in Russian education. The article provides with the results of an empirical study of students of two levels of higher education (undergraduate, postgraduate) the real possibility of a successful search and finding innovative technologies that are recognized in the goals, content and means of «forms of vision and understanding of certain aspects of the world» (M. M. Bakhtin). Methodology and methods of the research. The methodological basis of training is the concept of cultural and historical development of higher mental functions of L. S. Vygotsky. The object of the research is the process of a creative search for students who voluntarily choose an issue and independently formulate the topic of their essay. The study subject is the perception and understanding of stimulating material (quotes of eminent thinkers, audio and video materials) proposed by courses «Theory and practice of higher education», «Didactics of the higher education», «Pedagogy and psychology of the higher education». The verbal creativity of students in creating their own text involves a dialogue between me and the other (M. M. Bakhtin). The implementation of the author’s intention is presented in the research results (with a predominance of content analysis) of students’ essays. The results of the research. The novelty of the author’s approach is using the genre of an essay as a didactic resource instead of a study of particular examples of classical and modern literature. The essay as a task enables to solve problems that are connected with a comprehending the actual problems of society and the individuality, students adaptation and identification in comprehension and justification of their position. Writing an essay as an educational activity is organized in a situation of freedom to choose problems and topics for producing their works of creative activity, which are the embodiment of the author’s «I am». In thinking, captured in writing, reveals the creative potential of each student, his or her reflection (personal, social, civil, patriotic, moral aspects), manifested in the need for self-expression and the ability to tell about yourself, your impressions, thoughts through the perception of the world based on a relationship of trust with a teacher. The undoubted advantage for each student is the opportunity to present the author’s views on the actual problem and the topic of the essay. This genre assumes a small size and a free composition, reflecting the individuality of the personality, his or her position. Conclusion. The use of didactic tasks that aim to develop the creative abilities of modern students who are in the situation of accessibility of any information requires conscious selection and subsequent interpretation that are embodied as the aesthetic experience of verbal creativity in the educational process, as existential experience, freedom of expression and self-identification.



4.
TRANSDISCIPLINARY STRATEGY IN SCIENTIFIC COGNITION AND EDUCATION

O. V. Schimelfenig
Saratov National Research State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky, Saratov, Russia
Keywords: парадигма, трансдисциплинарность, сюжетно-игровая картина мира, творчество, активные формы обучения, парадигма, трансдисциплинарность, сюжетно-игровая картина мира, творчество, активные формы обучения, paradigm, transdisciplinarity, plot-game picture of the world, creativity, active forms of learning

Abstract >>
Introduction. In connection with the growing manifestations of a systemic crisis of civilization - ideological, environmental, socio-economic - there is an urgent need for a holistic spiritual and psycho-physical picture of the world, based on the transdisciplinary integration of the humanities and natural sciences, and the development of complexes of interrelated curricula. This work is the answer to this challenge of time. Methodology and methods of the research are based on the analysis of culture trends of the «turning into a mechanism» of the environment and the person him/herself; they rely on the picture of the world of ancient cultures, first of all, on the concept of reality as a Cosmic Game, on modern philosophical and scientific research, on the methodology and practice of using innovative and business games, conflict management, and theory of management. The results of the research. It is shown that in the conceptual area consist in the fact that the plot-game model of reality: generalizes the systems approach, saving it from a dangerous falling into objectivism and one-sided materialism; reveals the unobvious process of forming our common life together through the interaction of individual perceptions, feelings, thoughts and actions of each participant in the Universal Drama, while the traditional objectivist picture of the world usually creates the illusion of the seemingly «independence» of a person and a holistic Universe, reduced to mechanical «laws», that provokes irresponsibility at all levels of society. As one of the practical implementations of the worldview presented by the author, a brief description is provided, with links to the main sources, a cycle of 5 disciplines: 1) Concepts of modern natural science; 2) Behavior patterns; 3) Conflictology and management; 4) Theory of catastrophes; 5) Legal and managerial aspects of quality. Conclusion. The proposed complex of disciplines, formed on the basis of the plot-game paradigm, can serve, - first of all, in the field of education - as a precedent for further work on the solution of the global problems formulated at the beginning.



5.
THE MODEL OF QUALITY ASSURANCE OF THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVIATION ENGINEER SERVICE LEADERSHIP SPECIALISTS

A. V. Solokhin
Military Educational and Scietific Center of the Air Force В«N.E. Zhukovsky and Y. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy», Voronezh, Russia
Keywords: педагогическая модель, профессиональное развитие специалистов, повышение квалификации, руководящий состав инженерно-авиационной службы, педагогическая модель, профессиональное развитие специалистов, повышение квалификации, руководящий состав инженерно-авиационной службы, pedagogical model, specialists’ professional development, the qualification skills improvement process, aviation engineer service leadership

Abstract >>
Introduction. The relevance of creation and implementation in the qualification skills improvement process of the model of quality assurance of aviation engineer service leadership specialists’ professional development is justified. Methodology and methods of the research. The author analyses theoretical and methodological set of competency, activity, subject and system approaches to the problem that determines the essence of the process investigated in which aviation engineer service leadership specialists’ professional development is considered as a two-component integral unity of the personality and the competency components. The results of the research. The author presents theoretical description of conceptual and procedure essence of the model which includes the aim, tasks, approaches, principles, functions, factors, procedure and technological aspect (methods, forms, means), mechanisms of implementation; diagnostic package is presented in detail. Conclusion. Solving the problem of quality assurance of aviation engineer service leadership specialists’ professional development lies in purposeful enriching the content of educational process through involving personality element facilitating system and prognostic thinking development and personal qualities contributing to effective decision making.



6.
VALUE POTENTIAL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN THE SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

P. G. Vorontsov, D. A. Deis, N. M. Lobygina, K. V. Nedorezkov
Altai State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: физическая культура и спорт, мотивации к занятиям, студенты, физкультурное образование, ценности молодежи, физическая культура и спорт, мотивации к занятиям, студенты, физкультурное образование, ценности молодежи, physical culture and sport, motivation for training, students, physical education, youth values, physical culture and sport, motivation for training, students, physical education, youth values

Abstract >>
Introduction. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that increasing the physical activity of students, their active involvement in sports and athletic activities is important for organizing a healthy lifestyle. It is also especially important for future doctors who are required to be an example of personal healthy behavior for their patients. In the epistemological plan, the assessment of the value system of students and student groups is a prerequisite for understanding the motivations of the behavior of young people. The availability of such information allows planning effective practical involvement of young people in active physical education and sports. Methodology and methods of the research. The foundation of this paper was the interaction of analytical and synthetic approaches, on the basis of which the results of studies conducted at Altai State Medical University (ASMU) were analyzed and generalized. The initial method was the questionnaire of students, after that digital data processing was carried out using a computer. The purpose of the paper is to identify the opinions and motivations of students in their attitude to physical education and sports, to the development of physical activity. Students of 4-6 courses in the amount of 55 people took part in the study as respondents. The results of the research. The results of the study showed that most students are inclined toward a greater specialization in physical education. They are most attracted to sports sectional classes. One of the possible effective ways to increase the involvement of students in the process of maintaining and strengthening their physical health is to move the location of training sessions closer to the place of residence of young people. The appropriate optimal solution would be to conduct part of the educational-sports and sports-mass work in the territory of the dormitories, where a significant number of students live. It is also necessary to build at least minimal sports fields in the places of residence of youth. A characteristic testifying to the involvement of students in physical education activities may be their constant training in sports halls and sections. It is possible to evaluate this activity of students by the time that each student spends on physical education classes - either during the day, or in a week, and then in a semester. Conclusion. The study showed that the vast majority of medical students understand the importance of physical education and sports in improving the health of a future doctor, for various reasons. However, far from all realize the goal of increasing motor activity in their lifestyle for a number of objective and subjective reasons. This requires considerable attention to the development of physical education, cultural and mass sports in a medical university.



7.
THE PROBLEM OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE MEDICAL SPHERE AND MEDICAL EDUCATION: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

E. V. Ushakova1, T. S. Kosenko2, N. S. Sidorov1
1Altai State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, Barnaul, Russia
2Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: коммерциализация, медицинская сфера, медицинское образование, статус врача, commercialization, medical field, medical education, doctor status

Abstract >>
Introduction. In modern medicine, there has been a pronounced tendency to commercialization, manifested in various forms. For example, this happens when a doctor becomes a co-owner of a hospital; when the doctor prescribes those drugs to patients that the manufacturer wants to be sold; when the doctor conducts a paid admission of patients at commercial prices; when medical education is commercialized, etc. A medical university, the purpose of which is to train qualified personnel for the healthcare sector, is responding to this trend by commercializing the medical education itself. There are quite different opinions about the commercialization of medicine and medical education: from positive to neutral and negative. The purpose of the paper is to analyze different views on commercialization of medicine, medical education and the impact of the consequences of these social processes on ensuring the health of the country’s population. Methodology and methods of the research. The research material was literary sources, statistics on the problem of commercialization of medicine and education. The methods of epistemological and praxeological analysis of scientific material are applied, a comparative assessment of the analyzed characteristics of the commercialization process, integration of the results on a socio-pedagogical basis. The results of the research. Today, in developed countries, the concept of socially responsible business is being increasingly introduced, including in medicine, which is justified as especially important in the conditions of a highly developed knowledge economy, where high-tech intellectual activity is considered to be the center. It is proved that doctors in these conditions also acquire a high social status, have high salaries, as a result of which they no longer need to profit from patients illegally. However, while the country lacks a developed, well-balanced socio-economic system, the introduction of commercial medicine and similar education leads to the fact that many people are not able to provide themselves with paid medical care, even those working, not to mention the unemployed. Some medical workers and specialists from this field get an opportunity to immorally use the hopeless situation of patients. Most doctors, however, only slightly increase their low (in these conditions) economic status. The extreme positions of attitude to this process are as follows. Medical activity can be reduced to exploiting the patient’s addictive position for commercial gain. On the other hand, one can skillfully work with patients, regardless of social transformations, requiring only decent life sustenance. One can treat the patient with love and with understanding of the doctor’s own responsibility as a healer in existing social conditions. Due to the existence of different points of view on the problem of the commercialization of medicine and education, it requires serious comprehensive analysis taking into account existing social conditions. Conclusion. Commercialization of the humanitarian spheres - medicine, education, etc., aimed at capitalization of these areas - is not human-conformable, but human-destructive and socially deforming. Of course, along with the state, the creative sector of organizations of individual social activity of especially gifted teachers and healers is necessary, but its goal is not to accumulate capital due to the urgent needs of the population, but to expand the potential of human life and health.



8.
MANAGERALISATION AS A RESOURCE OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF PROFESSIONALISM IN SOCIAL WORK

L. S. Malik, L. A. Melkaya
Northern Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russia
Keywords: философия профессионализма в социальной работе, менеджерализация, образование по социальной работе, профилизация, специализация, philosophy of professionalism in social work, manageralisation, social work education, profilisation, specialization

Abstract >>
Introduction. The relevance of the study is connected with updating the key methodology of social work, pluralism of theories and concepts, expanding the fields of social practice, which is associated with the need to increase the subjectivity of specialists and strengthen the status of a professional group. In vocational training, the new trend is manageralisation - the inclusion of managerial ideas at all levels of education, which, according to these changes, can serve as a resource for the formation of a philosophy of professionalism in social work. Methodology and methods of the research. The study was based on the materials of scientific works devoted to the analysis of the category of professionalism in social work and publications describing managerial concepts, the ideas of which laid the foundation for the trend of managerialization in the vocational training system. The analysis of theoretical material is supplemented by empirical data obtained during a survey of practicing social work specialists according to the method of V. V. Sinyavsky and V. A. Fedoroshin «Communicative and organizational inclinations». The results of the research. The scientific analysis of the concepts underlying the formation of the philosophy of professionalism with the ideas of manageralisation is carried out. The main dependencies of the influence of managerial concepts on the philosophy of professionalism in the development of the worldview of specialists who are ready to act in a new social reality are revealed. The essence of two directions of development of education in social work is described - specialization and profilisation. Profiling is associated with new trends in the vocational training system, among which managerialization occupies a special place, considered as a mechanism for combining global goals with real options for achieving them. The content of the transformation processes of the professional role-playing repertoire of social work specialists in the context of manageralisation is indicated, which indicates the expansion of the practitioners ‘functionality in promoting social development and the formation of clients’ abilities to independently solve a difficult life situation. The results of an empirical study reflecting the importance of the managerial component in the learning process are presented, which leads to the conclusion about the need for first-priority changes in the system of training social work specialists. Conclusion. The resourcability of management is argued in relation to the formation of a philosophy of professionalism in social work, taking into account three criteria blocks of professionalism - substantial, normative, and potential. The conclusion is drawn on the importance of applying managerial ideas in the system of formation of the professional worldview of specialists, which will positively affect the strengthening of subjectivity of specialists and raising the status of a professional group.



9.
THE ROLE OF THE RUSSIAN PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE IN STRENGTHENING THE CONTROL FUNCTION OF THE REGIONAL PARLIAMENT: LEGAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS

L. F. Shcherbinina
Altai State Technical University named after I. I. Polzunov, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: субъект Российской Федерации, законодательные (представительные) органы государственной власти, контрольная функция, прокуратура Российской Федерации, прокурорский надзор, правотворческая функция, законодательство субъекта Российской Федерации, парламентский контроль, субъект Российской Федерации, законодательные (представительные) органы государственной власти, контрольная функция, прокуратура Российской Федерации, прокурорский надзор, правотворческая функция, законодательство субъекта Российской Федерации, парламентский контроль, subject of the Russian Federation, legislative (representative) bodies of state power, control function, Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation, Prosecutor’s supervision, law-making function, legislation of the subject of the Russian Federation, parliamentary control

Abstract >>
Introduction. Today, in a globalizing world, the importance of political and legal management of society and its controlling processes is increasing. This scientific paper examines one of the topical problems of legal education, which contains theoretical, methodological and methodological knowledge about the implementation of regional legislation control as one of the factors for improving the quality of laws and, as a result, improving the life of society. Methodology and methods of the research. Is based on the study of the effectiveness of the control function of legislative (representative) body of state power at the regional level and the approach to redefining the functions of Prosecutor’s supervision over compliance of the legislation of subjects of Federation of the Federal legislation with the aim of enhancing it, highlighting that this aspect of oversight, verification of the effectiveness of the legislation on norm-setting and oversight functions of the legislative regional authorities.The methodology system is applied. The holistic principle is used when summarizing the results of the analysis of law-making activities of the subjects of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of Prosecutor’s supervision. A praxiological approach is used to apply the results obtained to the system of legal education. The results of the research. For a number of years, the author has been conducting a scientific study of the problems of monitoring the implementation of legislation, both at the Federal and regional levels. The motivation for studying this issue was the author’s desire to find levers of influence on legislative bodies in order to improve the quality of legislative acts adopted by them, aimed at improving the socio-economic life of our society. The forms of action of the regional parliaments themselves are defined. The concept of the effectiveness of legislation is given. The paper shows the important role of the control function of the legislative (representative) authority of the subject of the Federation, the proper execution of which is one of the conditions for ensuring the constitutional system of our state. Drastic measures are proposed to strengthen the control function, in particular, to include an independent state law enforcement Agency - the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation-in this activity. With this in mind, the activity of the Prosecutor’s office oversight over the implementation of laws regulating various spheres of life of citizens in accordance with the Federal Law «On the procuracy of the Russian Federation». It is proposed to expand the function of Prosecutor’s supervision over the compliance of the legislation of the subjects of the Federation with the Federal legislation. To highlight such an aspect of supervision as checking the effectiveness of the laws of the subjects of the Federation on parliamentary control and the control function of the legislative regional power. Conclusion. It is important to emphasize that certain aspects of legal control have not yet been adequately reflected in the legal education system, and the presence of complex conflicts in legal practice and the lack of training of young legal professionals makes these issues urgent in the educational process. The author suggests that the scientific understanding of this problem should be reflected in the theoretical and practical aspects of legal disciplines.



10.
OKAN-ARA-ORI: REFLECTIONS ON DANCE TEACHING FROM "BODY AND ANCESTRY" PROPOSAL, NAGO PEOPLE KNOWLEDGE AND CONCEICAO EVARISTO’S CONCEPT OF "ESCREVIVENCIA"

Maria Ionara Alves Adna, Baruco Machado Andraus Mariana
University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
Keywords: танец, обучение, «Тело и предки», эскревивенция (живой опыт письма), народ Наго, диаспора, танец, обучение, «Тело и предки», эскревивенция (живой опыт письма), народ Наго, диаспора, dance, teaching, «Body and ancestry», escrevivГЄncia, Nago, diaspora

Abstract >>
Introduction. This work reflects on dance teaching driven by the pluricultural dance-art-education method entitled «Body and Ancestry», by the concept of «Escrevivência», and the oral knowledge of Nagô people conceived within what we call terreiro, which is a place where Afro-Brazilian religions take place. It proposes a reflection about dance teaching as a place of convergence where the knowledge present in the individual and collective imaginaries are respected and articulated as proposals that stimulate awareness of the subjectivities and «subjectivations» of individual’s narratives. It suggests Afro-oriented perspectives to dance teaching, added to the already existing teaching strategies in the current scene of contemporary dance teaching as a possibility of a pluralized teacher, capable of hosting and representing the multiple narratives in the Dance and Education fields. Methodology and methods of the research. This is a qualitative research based on the experience report of the first author as an apprentice of Afro-diasporic dances in her grandmother’s terreiro, at the city of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Based on her experience report, together with the skills she developed within the disciplines of the dance undergraduate program at University of Campinas, we searched for bibliography that could be a basis for the theoretical research intended, e.g., a reflection on the importance of including the knowledge of the Nagô people in the curriculum of diferent grades of dance teaching in Brazil, from basics to the superior education, since we have a significant number of Nagô people descendants in Brazilian lands. The results of the research. After reading and analysing all the texts listed, we found three main subjects that we considered that would deserve a thorough reflection, which led us to structure our discussion in three topics: 1) «From memory incarnate: knowledge of terreiro in a body perspective», where the first author presents, from her own memories and writings, the justification for choosing the themes focused on this paper when she first wrote a conclusion course manuscript regarding the same themes; 2) «Black aesthetics, scathing and subtleties: A bridge between ‘Body and Ancestry’ and the writings of self and time», where we discuss the pluricultural dance-art-education proposal of Dr. Inaicyra Falcão dos Santos and the concept of «escrevivência» created by the writer Conceição Evaristo, drawing a parallel and connectivity between the approaches; 3) «Dudu Iyè: Black Reflections in Dance-Music Teaching», where we return to the Nagô people knowledge and discuss the insertion and performance of their descendents in a kind of dance teaching that searches a plural space, capable of accommodating the multiple narratives of individuals in dance. Conclusion. Including Afro-diasporic knowledge in dance teaching helps us to reflect on the dishonest renunciation of black performance in the multiple spheres of contemporaneity and «modernity», which conceive of infinite trajectories of knowledges and acts in dance [1]. It is to expose the hermetic and colonized gear that makes invisible black narratives and stifles any possibility of representation and representation in any medium, be it artistic or social.



11.
CHINESE ENAMEL ART IN A RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY (HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS)

L. P. Lazareva, Imaj Gan
Pacific state University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: международный образовательный процесс, исторический процесс развития эмальерного искусства, international educational process, historical process of development of enamel art

Abstract >>
Introduction. The purpose of the paper is determined, first of all, by the relevance of the pedagogical problem, which has found itself in the current time of expanding the space of international cooperation in the field of education, including between the countries of the Asian region in the far East. All major universities of Russia (Far Eastern Federal University, Pacific State University, Amur State University and others) annually accept foreign students, most of whom come from China to study various technical and humanitarian specialties. Training in the field of artistic enamel is a special kind of international cooperation, because it combines many matters of ethnic, psychological, pedagogical nature, requiring knowledge of the historical and cultural character of the traditions of education and its state both in China and in Russia. Below we are talking about what historical, cultural, ideological, ethno-psychological concepts filled the space of international contacts in the educational process of studying the ancient art of artistic enamel. The formation of a socially-oriented market economy in China, its rapid development and increasing influence on all processes of business interaction in the world have led to increased interest in the study of the phenomenon of Chinese culture, including one of its areas - applied fine arts. This can explain the fact that in recent years, China’s contacts with Russia in the field of education have significantly expanded due to the choice of new professional areas. Recently, the need to formulate new theoretical and practical approaches to the study of interaction between Russia and China, which have distinct cultural and historical features, has become increasingly obvious and relevant. In this regard, it is extremely important to find the most optimal model for Russian-Chinese interaction and cooperation. The history of the formation of Russian-Chinese cultural and educational ties, their development, stages, trends and features of interaction is a topical theoretical and applied problem not only of the General history, Oriental studies and international relations, but also of the educational systems of both countries. The study of current trends in improving the international educational space, ways and means of optimizing the multicultural educational process in universities that teach students of different nationalities and professions with a long historical past in both China and Russia is a problem of political and socio-cultural significance for both countries. Methodology and methods of the research. The object of this study is the international educational process in higher education institutions of the Russian Far East. The subject of the research is pedagogical conditions for optimizing the process of teaching decorative and applied arts to Chinese students in a Russian University, taking into account the classical traditions of Chinese education (historical and philosophical aspect). To solve the tasks set in the study, General scientific methods of theoretical analysis of research and publications were used. The results of the research predispose to conclusions of this nature: in order to achieve the quality of professionalization of Chinese students studying decorative and applied arts in the far Eastern Russian University, teachers should remember such an important point as the ethno psychosociocultural characteristics of their personality, formed in the centuries-old process of the ancient state with its unique history and philosophy. Conclusion. The study, which was the reason for writing the article, allows us to say that in the process of mastering art, the highest human values are affirmed in the human mind by translating his/her activity into making the beautiful, the eternally alive, equally valuable for different cultures and nationalities.



12.
VALUE DUALISM OF ELITARITY AND MASS IN THE EDUCATION OF ART CULTURE

O. I. Barkova1, V. A. Vlasov2,3, A. A. Tamarovskaya4
1Law firm В«Crisis Management Group», Krasnoyarsk, Russia
2Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
3Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
4Krastsvetmet OJSC, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: элитарная культура, массовая культура, культура общества потребления, ценность, дуальность, доход, интеллект, внешность, имидж, элитарная культура, массовая культура, культура общества потребления, ценность, дуальность, доход, интеллект, внешность, имидж, elite culture, mass culture, consumer society culture, value, duality, income, intelligence, appearance, image

Abstract >>
Introduction. The problem of fostering art culture in post-socialist Russia is investigated. An attempt is made to answer the question why, in the information age, with the widest possibilities and enormous educational potential of the media, some people have a high culture, others master only the basics of mass culture, and still others are generally asocial. Methodology and methods of the research. There are two parallel motives in the strategy of fostering art culture: 1) Preservation of the person in the bosom of the traditional culture of the given people; 2) Training the person to achieve his/her own arbitrarily chosen goals. The primacy of high art over the mass art of the era of consumption is considered in the light of the contradictions of the teachings on the dualism of Descartes and Monism of Hegel, the ideas about the essence of the art of postmodernism by H. Ortega-i-Gaseta and G. Markuse. M. Lotman and B. A. Uspensky concluded that it is important for Russian culture to lack a neutral axiological sphere along with an idea of the duality of categories. The results of the research. Since it is customary to divide culture into intellectual and primitive, chamber and circulation, and more broadly into elitist and mass, it is important to consider such concepts as income, intelligence, appearance and image in their value duality. Conclusion. The idea is affirmed that the concepts of Mass Culture and the Culture of a consumer society must be separated. Anomalies in the development of the value dualism of modern culture are associated with the destruction of the mechanism of spiritual continuity of generations, a decrease in interest in domestic cultural traditions. All this leads to a distortion by the majority of Russian citizens of aesthetic perception, the foundations of cultural values. This type of anomaly is more characteristic of societies of «cultural outsiders» than of Russian society as a carrier of a traditionally high aesthetic heritage.



13.
EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT IN THE HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN LEGISLATION ON THE PREVENTION OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

T. P. Borodulina, E. I. Obryvko
Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: советский период, законодательство, система профилактики правонарушений несовершеннолетних, воспитательная составляющая, преступность несовершеннолетних, профилактика преступлений, советский период, законодательство, система профилактики правонарушений несовершеннолетних, воспитательная составляющая, преступность несовершеннолетних, профилактика преступлений, Soviet period, legislation, juvenile delinquency prevention system, educational component, juvenile delinquency, crime prevention

Abstract >>
Introduction. The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the Russian state activities at different stages of its existence in order to minimize offenses among minors, primarily, to strengthen the prevention of such violations. Much attention is paid to episodes related to the prevention of neglect and delinquency among minors. Methodology and methods of the research. The authors analyze theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of juvenile delinquency prevention, the main legal acts on building a juvenile delinquency prevention system, and carry out a historical and legal analysis of legislative acts. The study is aimed at investigating the problems of crime prevention in order to update modern approaches to solving the problems of combating juvenile delinquency. The problem is addressed through diachronic analysis. The result of the research. It is shown that the prevention of juvenile delinquency from the point of view of norms, principles and standards of international law is one of the areas of protecting the rights of minors and an element of crime prevention. Moreover, the authors consider juvenile delinquency as an independent type regarding the totality of qualitative and quantitative indicators of its development and state, also taking into account the personality characteristics of the offender, whose behavior is largely determined by egocentric motives and unstable psyche. The authors have managed to establish that the most effective prevention of juvenile delinquency was organized in the 1970-1980s. This is due to the fact that the state made the fight against juvenile delinquency a priority in the fight against crime. The prevention became more comprehensive and targeted in the 90s of the twentieth century. Conclusion. Turning to the Soviet practice of solving the problems of preventing juvenile delinquency will contribute to a clearer understanding of the role of state structures and public organizations in this process. Positive historical experience should be taken into account, its elements should be introduced into modern legislation, and historical practice in the system of preventing juvenile delinquency should be studied and adapted to modern conditions.