Лиморенко Ю.В.
Институт филологии СО РАН, Новосибирск
Ключевые слова: теория перевода, фольклор, художественные приемы, язык фольклора, издание фольклора.
Страницы: 72-77
Цель статьи – сформулировать цели переводчика фольклорного произведения и очертить круг задач, которые способен решить фольклористический перевод. Изучаются проблемы, возникающие при передаче фольклорного языка и стиля, обозначаются те группы художественно-изобразительных средств фольклора, которые могут быть адекватно переданы в переводе. Рассматриваются основные публикации, посвященные проблемам перевода фольклорных произведений.
Основная цель настоящей статьи – определить общие критерии подготовки видеоприложения к томам Серии. Автор рассматривает основные этапы процесса создания видеоприложения, определяет основные свойства, которыми должен обладать видеоряд, к примеру, аутентичность, соотнесенность с корпусом текстов, надлежащее техническое качество; а также делает попытку построения методики видеосъемки. Основные положения данной статьи основаны на новом полевом материале, в частности, по обрядовому фольклору различных народов Сибири.
II Международный симпозиум “Углерод в катализе” прошел с 11 по 13 июля 2006 г. в Санкт-Петербурге. Симпозиум был организован Институтом катализа им Г. К. Борескова СО РАН совместно с Институтом проблем переработки углеводородов СО РАН при поддержке Санкт-Петербургского научного центра РАН, Технологического института Лозанны (Швейцария) и Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований. В работе симпозиума приняло участие 105 специалистов, в том числе 56 ученых из стран дальнего зарубежья (Бельгия, Китай, Финляндия, Франция, Великобритания, Венгрия, Италия, Германия, Польша, Нидерланды, Норвегия, Португалия, Испания, Швейцария, Турция, США), 45 – из России и 4 – из Украины. Научная программа симпозиума включала 3 пленарные лекции, 7 ключевых, 32 устных и 62 стендовых доклада.
J. Amadou, D. Begin, P. Nguyen, J.-P. Tessonnier, I. Janowska, T. Dintzer, E. Vanhaecke, M.-J. Ledoux and C. Pham-Huu
Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC), ECPM-Université Louis Pasteur, 25, rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 (France) E-mail: begind@ecpm.u-strasbg.fr
Carbon nanotubes are generally synthesized in a fine powder with a very high specific volume and a low apparent density, which render their manipulation extremely difficult and hazardous. Here we demonstrate a simple and reliable method for the direct synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) supporting each other in a controlled macroscopic shape and size by applying an external constraint on the reactor during the synthesis. The MWCNTs are highly entangled allowing a natural compacting of the macroscopic pieces without fine formation, making subsequent handling easier. The present synthesis method addresses many critical problems encountered with the use of carbon nanotubes as a macroscopic building-block materials.
A. Cabiac1, G. Delahay1, R. Durand1, P. Trens1, B. Coq1 and D. Plée2 1Laboratoire de Matériaux Catalytiques et Catalyse en Chimie Organique, UMR 5618-CNRS-ENSCM, Institut Charles Gerhardt FR 1878, 8, rue de l'Ecole Normale, Montpellier CEDEX 5 (France) 2Groupement de Recherches de Lacq - ARKEMA, rte de Bayonne, 64170 LACQ (France) E-mail: gerard.delahay@enscm.fr
By choosing appropriate liquid oxidizing treatment, the carbonaceous surface of an activated carbon (AC) can be functionalised with carboxylic groups in a broad range of content. These carboxylic groups are necessary functions, in order to disperse, perfectly, palladium cations through exchange reactions: H+/Pd2+ or H+/Pd(OH)+. Reduction in liquid phase of a 4 mass %Pd/AC whose carbonaceous surface was previously oxidized by NaOCl leads to palladium particles with a particle size of 1.5 nm which are much smaller than Pd particles obtained from a 4 mass % Pd/AC whose carbon surface was not oxidized. The well dispersed catalyst was tested in hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde and exhibits quite a high hydrogenation efficiency as compared to activities reported in the literature.
A. Cabiac1, N. Job2, J.-P. Pirard2 and G. Delahay1 1Laboratoire de Matériaux Catalytiques et Catalyse en Chimie Organique, UMR 5618-CNRS-ENSCM, Institut Charles Gerhardt FR 1878, 8, rue de l'Ecole Normale, Montpellier CEDEX 5 (France) E-mail: gerard.delahay@enscm.fr 2Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Institut de Chimie, Université de Liège (Bât B6a), B-4000 Liège (Belgium)
Carbon materials with different pore texture have been prepared by evaporative drying and pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde aqueous gels. These carbon xerogels have been characterised and used as copper catalyst supports in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 at low temperature. Without metal, some activity is observed due to reaction between NO and NH3, but the NO conversion is strongly enhanced after copper introduction. High DeNOx efficiency was obtained on these Cu/carbon xerogels at very low temperature and some pore texture effect was observed. However, special cares have to be taken to avoid carbon consumption and preserve its surface by keeping reaction temperature below 215oC.
D. K. Efremov1 and V. A. Drozdov2 1Boreskov Institute of Ñatalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) 2Institute of Hydrocarbons Processing, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Neftezavodskaya 54, Omsk 644040 (Russia)
The modeling of a low temperature nitrogen adsorption in graphite mesopores with rectangular sections having the aspect ratio of the side lengths more than 7:1 has been executed by using the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. The adsorption branches of obtained GCMC isotherms were processed with the purpose of calculation of the formal pore size distributions (PSDs) by the nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) and Derjaguin-Broekhoff-de Boer (D-BdB) method. It is shown that NLDFT underestimates the sizes of the model rectangular mesopores though gives good estimations of specific surface area and volume of the pores. Also, it is shown that D-BdB method very strongly underestimates specific surface area and overestimates total volume of pores. PSDs obtained from D-BdB method have a very wide distributive interval of apparent sizes and brightly expressed bimodal forms. Such completely wrong information about the size of the investigated model pores is a consequence of the macroscopic assumption of the D-BdB theory about the constancy of the capillary condensate density in pores at various pressures.
N. Job1, B. Heinrichs1, A. Léonard1, J.-F. Colomer2, J. Marien1 and J.-P. Pirard1 1Université de Liége, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (B6a), B-4000 Liège (Belgium) 2Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur (Belgium) E-mail: Nathalie.Job@ulg.ac.be
Porous carbon materials with tailored pore texture can be prepared by evaporative drying and pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde aqueous gels. The pore size is easily controlled by the pH of the precursor solution. These materials, called "carbon xerogels", can be used as catalyst supports, like activated carbons. Since the texture of these materials is adjustable, it is possible to avoid diffusional limitations that are often encountered when a microporous activated carbon is used as support by choosing a support with the appropriate pore size. The meso- or macropore size of carbon xerogels can be enlarged so as to simplify the reactant diffusion, which leads to better catalytic performances.
P. Korovchenko, C. Donze, P. Gallezot and M. Besson
Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse-CNRS, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex (France) E-mail: michele.besson@catalyse.cnrs.fr
Oxidations of alcohols into carbonyl functionalities are key reactions in the synthesis of fine chemicals. The need to substitute stoichiometric oxidations (using mineral oxidants) with "green" oxidations using benign oxidizing agents like molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide has been often emphasized. Supported noble metal catalysts, e.g. Pd/C or Pt/C are known to catalyse the oxidation of alcohols in the presence of molecular oxygen. It was previously reported that benzyl alcohol (Bzol) can be very selectively oxidized to benzaldehyde (Bzal) in dioxane, whereas the use of a 50/50 mixture of dioxane and alkaline aqueous solution yielded benzoic acid (Bzoic) by further oxidation of Bzal. In this work, we examined the effect of the activation treatment of the synthetic carbon and of the method of deposition of the metal on the characteristics of the supported metallic catalyst and its activity in this reaction. The highest dispersion and best catalytic performances were obtained by impregnation with hexachloroplatinic acid of a CO2 activated carbon.
I. Kvande, Z. Yu, T. Zhao, M. Rønning, A. Holmen and D. Chen
Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim (Norway) E-mail: chen@chemeng.ntnu.no
A systematic investigation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibre (CNF) growth in terms of structures of carbon nanomaterials and growth rates by chemical vapour deposition is summarized. Different catalysts such as unsupported Fe3O4 and supported Ni, Fe and NiFe catalysts and different carbon sources such as CO, CO/H2, CH4/H2, C2H6/H2 and C2H4/CO/H2 have been applied. This short review has been addressed to identify the principles for controlled synthesis of carbon nanotube or nanofibre with well-defined structures. The production of relatively high yields of defined structures is obtained. The Ni catalyst produces almost exclusively fishbone CNFs, while the supported Fe catalyst produces multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs). The NiFe catalyst can give a structure intermediate of the two. Unsupported Fe3O4 results in the platelet structure. The diameter of the produced structures holds information on the growth mechanism. The diameters of the MWNTs are always smaller than the growth catalyst particles, while the fishbone CNFs always have larger diameter than the growth catalyst. The structure and growth rate reflect the different reactivity of the metals and the dependence on surface orientation of the catalyst particles. Higher temperature and lower partial pressure yield smaller diameter MWNTs with fewer walls and a larger inner hollow core. The space velocity and thereby the H2 partial pressure in the reactor has been identified as the most important parameter for scale-up of the reactor.
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