Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2019 number 1

Introduction. The purpose of the paper is to identify axiological contradictions between the conceptual organic metaphor of education and the conceptual metaphor of «consumer demand in education» (D. L. Konstantinovsky, V. S. Vakhshtayn, D. Yu. Kurakin). The conceptual metaphor is understood as a cognitive operation, which determines the style of thinking about a subject under study (J. Lakoff, M. Johnson, J. Vervaeke, J. M. Kennedy, M. McGlone, N. А. Ilyukhina, S. А. Pankratova, S. А. Khakhalova). The author of the paper proceeds from the proposition that sociocultural-interpretative conceptual metaphors (G. S. Baranov) have the potential to influence decision making process in the development of educational system reforms, to significantly determine the way they are implemented and the response of the expert community and citizens to the implemented reforms. Methodology and methods of the research. In the course of the study, a content analysis of the main regulatory document that normalizes and regulates the structure of the education system and the relationship between its subjects, the Federal Law of the Russian Federation «On Education in the Russian Federation» of December 29, 2012 o. 273-FL was used, as well as the method of metaphorical modeling to reconstruct conceptual metaphors that guided the legislators and axiological approach to identify the basic values for each of these metaphors. The results of the research. The author reveals the existence of a contradiction already at the normative level, on the material of the Federal Law «On Education in the Russian Federation». It seems that in the first place this contradiction causes damage to the upbringing potential of national education. Education, understood as a service sector, cannot perform an upbringing function along with a training one, since it cannot appeal to the Motherland, patriotism, and other cultural-specific values of the organic metaphor as the supreme ones. The main values of education from the point of view of the economy centered logic of the «consumer inquiry» metaphor are profit, payback and efficiency. Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that only the philosophy of education as an analytical tool can resolve the contradiction between two metaphors at the axiological level.

Introduction. The paper reveals the author's approach to the relationship of value and meaning in the formation of personality as the choice of fate and participation of the subject. The author sees the relevance of the issue in the idea of the need to the formation of a man of culture or person, ready for an open dialogue in the mosaic culture, capable of participation in the culture process. Value is analyzed as a position to the fate in the subjective choice. The philosophy of an act includes the realization of the significance of value as the meaning of participation in the creation of reality. The conjugation of value with the meaning of an act carries out the existence of the individual as an opportunity in the joint existence. The content of choice determines the existence of person as a subject of being, the ontology of his existence as reality in participation. Methodology and methods of the research. The philosophy of M. M. Bakhtin describing the act as the logic of existence is used in the value-semantic choice. The moment of existential manifestation is analyzed based on the view of M. Heidegger about the importance of presence in the formation of existence. The author also relies on the positions of V. S. Bibler, O. I. Genisaretsky, A. V. Konev in the analysis of the social and cultural space. The author also takes into account the philosophy of postmodernism in the assessing reality as a situation of existential choice, in particular, the philosophy of J. Deleuze on the simultaneity of the processes of folding and unfolding in formation. The choice is seen as a way from Nothing to Something, as a Break of continuity, as a transition that requires creative solution. The study methods are: the analysis of works on philosophy, cultural studies of man’s formation, the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, induction, abstraction. The method of analysis relies on the possibility of a speculative method in combination with an extrapolation of results into sociality. The results of the research. The necessity of understanding the meaning is shown through the contextual significance of value in choosing the position of oneself as a subject of participation in culture. The reciprocity is proved of the transformation of cultural reality in the value decision and the assertion of the meaning of a particular person in reality as a reality for himself and others, indicating realization and events. Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to realize meaning through the contextual awareness of the value in the choice of the position of oneself as a subject in the possibility of genuine socially valuable participation in culture. Pedagogy is the recognition of the role of a single value-semantic approach in the development of the subject of culture.

Introduction. The article reveals the axiological peculiarities of the authorities characteristic of the national educational system in the conditions of globalization. The author proceeds from an important thesis that the notions of power as the basis of any social system are formed at the level of educational knowledge. Methodology and methods of research. Full knowledge of the specifics of the manifestation of power through the philosophy of education requires appropriate level of methodological support. The analysis of the axiological factor in the system of power implies awareness of the authorities of any society as an important factor of social life. The integrative nature of the topic, which stands at the junction of several scientific directions, contributes to the formation of an adequate image of power already at the educational system level. The article analyzes the specifics of power structures, which is manifested in the system of relations between the State and society and characterizes the peculiarities of governance in Russia. The author shows how the process of knowledge of the leading power mechanisms in the global world, in which all social structures are transformed, is being developed. The article proves that the value systems play a leading role in the implementation of educational and scientific programs to study the specifics of the activities of specific authorities left in the history. The value of power is largely due to the established traditions, which allows to form the optimal authority mechanisms. Considerable attention in the article is given to the study of the difference in the value preferences of the population of different countries in choosing one or another form of power. In this case, according to the author, there is an opportunity not only to control the power, but also to really reduce the level of social tension in society. The article highlights ways to improve power at all levels of social reality. The results of the study. In the course of the research the author pays special attention to the issues related to the study of transformations faced by the authorities in the global-regional world. In particular, the author comes to the logical conclusion about a significant role of mentality in the process of formation of power mechanisms in Russia. A separate direction in the article is the result of the analysis of mondialism as an important basis of globalization, leveling the identity of individual sociums. This, as the author shows largely due to the uncertainty of the axiological attitudes of modern students. This situation characterizes the educational system not only of Russia, but also of the whole world community. Conclusion. The axiological vector of power, if viewed from the standpoint of the philosophy of education, demonstrates the unresolved socio-economic problems of the modern Russian state. These factors actualizing the problem of the crucial role of humanitarian education in the elaboration of the concept of a new power, which would take maximum account of the historical traditions of a particular society.

Introduction. The modern concept of dignity as the basis of anthropological axiology and educational strategy is based on the constant updating of spiritual improvement of personality, including patriotism and civic consciousness, therefore the problem of essence of human being (patriot and citizen) is possible only as the being with dignity. In the XX century, dignity was recognized declaratively as one of the fundamental inalienable and inalienable human rights, which was recorded both in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the Constitution of Russia adopted in 1993. One of the encyclicals of Pope John Paul II, devoted to human dignity, also testifies to this. Methodology and research methods. To study patriotism as a spiritual, moral and organizing foundation of life of the Russian people, we use the methodological laws of the philosophy of upbringing - the influence of the «external» through the «internal». The values of civic consciousness and economic individualism, fulfilling the functions of the person’s perspective strategic life goals, require reference to the methodology of axiology of education as the core of a system of social and educational values. Methodological principles of ethics of education are also applicable. Today it is one of the foundations of the educational strategy, which is due, to a large extent, to the ethics of dignity as the foundation of the ideological foundations of humanism. The results of the study. Discussion of the axiological foundations of the Russian institute of education is possible through philosophical and methodological clarification and disclosure of the following concepts: «patriotism as a spiritual, moral and organizing beginning of life of the Russian people», «values of civic consciousness and economic individualism», «ethics of dignity as the basis of educational strategy». Based on the discussion of the content of these statements, we consider the person as an object and subject of education. Conclusion. Patriotism, citizenship, dignity as life strategies of Russian society directly depend on spiritual upbringing. The formation of a new educational strategy should include the social and civic dignity of the individual, based on the social maturity of the individual, the division of education into «mass» and «elite», and distortion of social morality. Therefore, Russian education takes on the mission of forming a new global educational paradigm, including the national spiritual traditions of the East and the West, the great Russian culture, without which mobilization of the spiritual and moral forces of society is impossible.

Introduction. At all times, the guarantor of the security of the state and citizens was its army, and the key to a strong army was what kind of people it was formed of, how they got into it, how they were brought up. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to search for common points of the value foundations of antiquity and modernity in the upbringing of a conscientious, morally strong, and self-governing serviceman of the Russian army. Methodology and research methods. In preparing the materials of the paper, the methodology of axiological analysis of texts of ancient philosophers, interpreting the concept of «musical art» of upbringing as a harmony of the moral and physical perfection of a warrior, was used. The analysis of the formation of the value bases for training a modern specialist in the field of military art is complicated by the situation of serious global, informational and social changes, when there is a certain «vagueness» of the social system of values. Modern philosophical-pedagogical approaches to the upbringing of warrior, relying on the time-tested value orientations stated in ancient traditions, are able to directly create a new personality, while simultaneously adapting to changes in society and shaping the consciousness of future military men. The results of the study. The paper discusses the specifics of the development of the system of values in ancient culture, due, above all, to the warrior’s special physical and spiritual qualities. The ancient system of upbringing of warriors included the value ideals of the time: faith in the gods, honoring the merits of the ancestors, physical strength and endurance, estimable service to the Fatherland, disregard for material goods, caring attitude to the compatriots. Plato emphasized the exceptional role of educators, their personal example and methods of persuasion. Nowadays considerable attention is paid to the education of the officer corps, which allows confidently carry out the tasks. The main feature of upbringing of a modern soldier is that appeal to morality, personal example, upbringing in a team, clarification and consolidation of values in practical activities manifest themselves in the process of life-meaning self-determination. The ability of self-government and the reflective attitude of future servicemen to the ever-changing military processes depend on the methodological mastery of military school teachers. Conclusion. We have identified some of the attitudes necessary for the formation of the value identity of the future serviceman, namely: humanism, reflectivity, dignity, patriotism, non-contradictory civic stand, military professionalism, self-government. A connection has been established between modern axiological approaches in the upbringing of servicemen, their connection with the ancient traditions of guard education, which can be actualized and applied in the system of forming the values of military culture.

Introduction. The intention of modern individual to permanent learning has caused a special kind of education - informal education. This kind of education needs a specific theory to form clear guidelines for the creation of educational spaces in any organization and to develop educational initiatives in an open society. The main goal of the paper is to identify the essential roots of informal education and to consider this education not only as an independent, unprogrammed promotion of cultural evolution of the person, but also as the directed and projected improvement of one’s professional and personal abilities. Methodology and methods of the research. The basis for such a study of informal education is the educational philosophy of Paul Natorp, the German thinker of the turn of the century. The problems of providing the possibility of ‘life-wide learning’ and ‘life-long learning’, faced by modern society, could be solved by means of social pedagogics, which is, according to Paul Natorp, «Social conditions of education and educational conditions of social life». Respectively, there is in modern humanities a methodical continuity of social pedagogics and informal education. The results of the research. The rules of informal education have been formulated; principles and methods of its development have been elucidated. In the opinion of the author of the paper, informal education has three forms - spontaneous, directed and projected. The spontaneous one is ‘at every step learning’, if the educational intentions of the individual are highly developed. The cause for spontaneous education can be a meeting with any object that requires getting knowledge. During the formation of an educational space, the organizers appeal to external motivations to stimulate curiosity of a person, deepen the experience of his or her interaction with the world. In this case, we deal with determinate ‘life-wide learning’: directed at any situation and projected for a long-term action. Conclusion. The materials of the paper are of practical value to the leaders of organizations of different types and can be used in teaching pedagogical courses not only for the students of pedagogical specialties of university education.

Introduction. Globalization and integration processes that characterize the current stage of the society development are increasingly spreading to national educational systems. The leading countries in the world rapidly develop the export of educational services, which is facilitated by scientific and technological progress and the society informatization. The intensification of international relations in the educational segment is aimed at the formation of a single educational space, improving higher education quality and accessibility, educational institutions cooperation, etc. Developing the strategy problem for the formation of competitive educational system is one of the most important tasks for the Russian Federation. Preservation of the domestic education system and its development, competitiveness and successful integration into the world educational space is possible only in the conditions of the market transformation of the domestic education system. The research purpose is to analyze market transformations` impact on the domestic system of higher education. Methodology and methods of the research have a complex integrative nature, which is determined by research`s purpose and objectives. As the research starting point there was used a set of economic, sociological, philosophical and pedagogical scientific ideas. Theoretical methods were used to solve research problems: philosophical, psychological, pedagogical, psychological, sociological literature analysis; historical and methodological analysis (including the study of documents, concepts, acts); generalization. The results of research. The economic system equilibrium is maintained by transnational financial, economic and trade structures (International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, World Bank, etc.), forming the modern context of international education. As these processes result, education is largely standardized, acquiring transboundary and transcultural characteristics, forming a new quality of economic system and society «human capital». Conclusion. Formation of market relations marked the beginning of not only updating process of domestic education system, but also its integration into the economy market, which is now a fait accompli. It is very obvious that modern education state sets the state development for many years to come. As an intangible capital form, education forms «human capital», which, on one hand, in conjunction with other types of capital not only increases labor productivity and quality, but also increases the role of education and science, increasing the value of human intellectual activity and contributing to educational, professional, scientific, the spiritual potential formation of individual.

Introduction. The paper analyzes the philosophy of Japanese management education. Through the so-called invisible fifteenth stone of the Ryoan-ji garden in the ancient capital city Kyoto, the philosophy and strategy of the country of the Rising Sun is figuratively revealed. The managerial qualities of top managers are justified. Three directions of the middle level of trainees are structurally shown: 1) new employees; 2) general categories of workers; 3) managers. On the example of the so called devil's school, the physical and spiritual aspects of the preparation and delivery of the seventeen examinations necessary for the lower level of management are described. The dissemination of this advanced experience in Russia will provide an opportunity to better understand the technological and economic successes of Japan that are necessary for us in the process of cultural and economic interaction. Methodology and methods of the research. The scientific paper is based on systemic and synergetic approaches. Eastern philosophy gives one the ability to conceptualize a solution to the problems of education of managers in their integrative vision. This allows reducing many heterogeneous factors to a single denominator, taking into account the synergy. History, culture, religion, traditions, life, manners and customs of the country of the rising sun harmoniously blend with modern concepts of training and retraining of top, middle and lower management. The results of the research. Building such a harmonious integrated system immediately results in certain significant shifts in the economy. It is this vision, in line with the Eastern philosophy of education, that provides us with an opportunity to transform not only our educational philosophy, but also synergetic style of thinking and behaving in managing people. Under this perspective, the basic material of research interpretation goes with justification of the results. Conclusion. This is a novelty, the theoretical and practical value of our research. Analyzing Japan's experience provides us with an opportunity to rethink the Western philosophy of education and training in our country. With a fundamental change of the strategy vector from the «philosophy of resources» to «technological resources of management», we can push back economically advanced countries of the world in the next five or ten years. From the knowledge of the technicalities of control theory, we must go to the revision in practice of the defining synergistic principles and approaches in training and retraining of the managers, their skills and abilities. Human resources capabilities in management are truly inexhaustible. When connecting to the base of the enormous natural resources, that will give a synergistic effect in the economy of our country.

Introduction. In recent years, the Mongolian and Russian education systems have undergone significant transformations under the influence of Western standards. Currently, there is an acute competition in the educational market of Mongolia, in which Russia is losing its position. The current model of educational cooperation between Russia and Mongolia needs to be adjusted, which is impossible without in-depth study and clarification of data on the structure, content of the educational process, possible areas of cooperation in the future. Methodology and methods of the research. The methodological basis of the study is a system-genetic approach that allows considering the education system as a multilevel, internally structured integral phenomenon developing in internal relationships and in connection with the external environment. The main methods of research: analysis of statistical data and documents, observation, analytical method, the principle of unity of the logical and the historical. The results of the research. The modern education system of Mongolia is based on the priority of private property, traditional national values in its content, variability of forms of education, foreign investment and international cooperation. The introduction of the Cambridge educational standard contributed to the reduction of education to the provision of educational services with the use of personality-oriented individual approach. At the same time, interest in the Russian language, culture and Russian education remained among a large part of the Mongolian population. In the ranking of current specialties, the leading positions are occupied by areas related to business and social management, at the second position, engineering and production specialties, followed by education, social and humanitarian spheres. Much less prestige, have natural Sciences, mathematics and statistics, services, information and communication technologies, agriculture and forestry, veterinary medicine - in fact, those areas in which highly qualified specialists are trained in Russia. The main problems of professional training of the Mongolian youth and ways of their solving, both in Mongolia, and in Russia are defined. Conclusion. The development of mutually beneficial economic, cultural and political cooperation is possible only with the gradual systematic state support of cooperation in the field of education and training of required personnel.

Introduction. At the present stage of development of Mongolian society, the concept of «youth» has somewhat transformed, which is connected with taking into account some social and psychological characteristics, in addition to biological ones, due to which, in a number of normative documents, the youth period has been extended to 35 years. The paper presents a brief review of the results of basic research on the socio-psychological characteristics of Mongolian youth as a socio-demographic group, and also reveals the psychosocial characteristics of the student youth. Methodology and methods of research. The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of G. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence, Costa and McCrae’s five-factor model of the personality, and T. Leary’s model of interpersonal relations. The results of the research. The study was conducted in three stages. At the first stage, the method of diagnosing interpersonal relations was used. It was developed by T. Leary, with the help of which we identified separate components of interpersonal relations of students. According to the research, two types of interpersonal relations dominate, such as «friendliness» and «striving for leadership», moreover, in the authoritarian aspect. It should be noted that the expressed average estimates of interpersonal relations of young people are within the normative values. At the second stage of the study, G. Gardner’s multiple intelligence test, which included 40 statements, was used to study the intellectual characteristics of students. According to the results of the study, the average assessment of existential abilities (love, beauty, the divine) in young people is determined by the highest indicator (15,9), and the indicator of musical intelligence is obtained at the lowest level (13). At the third stage of the study, a variant of the Big Five questionnaire was used to study the personality traits of students. Personality traits of the Big Five are defined at the middle level. The lowest indicators have an openness to new experience and trusting relationships with other people, good faith (53,3%), extroversion expresses maximum indicators (interest in an external object - 26,7 %). The level of intelligence development is expressed in average values. Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, it is assumed that the number of extrovert students and conscientious individuals has an overwhelming percentage. It can be assumed that such personality traits will contribute to the growth of academic performance. Based on the research results, a general portrait of a young person was revealed, which includes the following features: extroversion, distrust, values of love and beauty. Based on the main results of this work, further research is required to study the correlation relationships between personal peculiar factors and develop recommendations for teachers on how to conduct learning activities among students with various socio-psychological characteristics.

Introduction. In the modern world, a wide range of anthropological and pedagogical problems arises. There are a number of studies according to which humanity, preoccupied only with unlimited consumption of goods, eventually becomes unviable. A postman, represented as a subject in the postmodern philosophy, with a sharp predominance of bodily desires and all sorts of delusions, is not capable of creation, broad creativity, restoring the balance of social and natural life on our planet. Therefore, the life-affirming alternative to this way of changing people is the well-known educational direction of forming an integral, harmoniously developed man as physically strong, strong-willed, intellectually prepared, morally educated, spiritually developed individual. Methodology and methods of the research. Dialectical methodology, methods of interrelationship between historical and logical, induction and deduction, biomedical, valeological, pedagogical, physical education and sports, comparative analysis, integration of knowledge about health and healthy lifestyle. The results of the research. An integrated approach to the formation of a whole person with strong physical and mental health, consciously organizing a healthy lifestyle, first under the guidance of experienced teachers, mentors, and then through self-education, self-management, and self-perfection. Based on the integration of knowledge about different aspects of health - pedagogical, valeological, biomedical, physical culture, socio-cultural - a general understanding of human health was proposed. It is justified that the path to one’s own health lies through the special organization of the lifestyle. In this regard, the analysis of such concepts as lifestyle, healthy lifestyle (HLS), unhealthy lifestyle, manipulative lifestyle is conducted. The value of the life path associated with healthy lifestyles is substantiated. Conclusion. In the XXI century, the only way to solve the growing global problems and preserve the life riches of the planet is through the formation of a man-creator, a creator who is able to restore the balance of life on the planet. Such a person should have full-fledged knowledge, comprehensive health, volitional qualities, lead a healthy lifestyle. For this, it is absolutely necessary to have a full-fledged physical and socio-cultural education of the individual.

Introduction. The modern higher education student should consciously strive for a healthy lifestyle. However, the majority of students, in addition to numerous chronic diseases and disorders in the musculoskeletal system, have a low endurance threshold, which is considered one of the most pressing problems of modern society. Methodology and methods of the study . The study has a pedagogical and psychophysiological character, is based on the practice-activity approach. Pedagogical control includes the analysis of diseases, medical reports, academic progress of students of special medical groups, etc., carried out using techniques developed by teachers E. L. Chesnova, L. A. Kuzmina and R. V. Shlegina, who view endurance as «the ability of the individual to conscious efforts»[1], as well as the methods to strengthen the posture by V. S. Anishchenko [2]. The results of the study. The need to search for modern forms and means, effective methods for correcting posture impairment and educating endurance led to the choice of the topic of our research. To understand the end result of physical culture and health activities, the definitions of the concepts of «posture» and «endurance» are given. A sample teaching and methodical complex of physical exercises for strengthening the back muscles is presented, and recommendations are given for the development of endurance qualities. Conclusion . Practice shows that even in the presence of an objective diagnosis of spinal deformity and, as a result, impaired posture, the person can engage in physical exercise and, by making volitional efforts, nurturing endurance, to achieve high results.

Introduction. The relevance of the study of ski training as a traditional form of activity of peoples living in northern latitudes is substantiated. There is an organic relationship between traditional motor practices and methods of ski training as a subject of sports and educational activities in the winter in modern conditions. This contributes to the hardening of the body of students and their involvement in a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of the article: Identify the relationship of traditions, history and modernity in the development of skiing and ski training in the system of physical education in different regions of Russia, for example, Altai. The methodology and methods of the research. Applied dialectical, historical and systemic approaches. Used methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, extrapolation; used the general methods of teaching sports disciplines. The results of the study. The authors of the article investigated ski training as a subject of sports and pedagogical (physical culture) activities. A hundred-year history of ski training and skiing in Altai is traced. Identified the main stages of this process. The main sporting achievements are presented, a significant part of which is related to the types of coaching and physical education in Altai. Ski training is considered as a type of training work in winter sports, as well as a form of physical education in schools and universities in our country. The main modern types of general ski training for students are described, and among them are skiers. These are the basic methods and techniques of teaching ski courses; classic and ridge ski runs; basic ways of lifting, descending, turning, braking; selection of equipment and ski ointments. The default fonts are the same as the one of the options and the columns used to create file types and folders. The default fonts are the same as the one of the options and the columns used to create file types and folders. Conclusion. In conclusion, significant sports and pedagogical experience of ski competitions, ski sports in Altai, as well as ski training in the system of physical education, physical culture, disease prevention and the formation of a healthy lifestyle, are analyzed.