Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2015 number 1

This article considers the process of transformation of the system of state management of the national economy in the period of globalization. The conclusion about the change of modern management principles in the increasing importance of political processes in ensuring of the country’s competitiveness in the global world is made. This involves the transformation of the objective function of economic policy and the corresponding tools and institutions of governance. The necessity of forming a new direction in the theory of state management of the economy proved on the example of economic sanctions against Russia.

The purpose of the article is to validate the feasibility and expediency of the use of system-synergetic approach to the study of the process of formation of system of lifelong education. In order to achieve this goal, firstly, the essence of the offered methodological approach, describing its basic principles is presented. Secondly, lifelong education is identified as a systemic object from the perspective of general system properties, along with the perspective of the specific properties of self-organizing systems. The application of the proposed methodological approach allows us to characterize the lifelong education system as a systemic whole, revealing the patterns of its evolution as a complex open self-organizing system. It also allows to justify the formation of the new approaches to the management of educational system.

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of economic differentiation of the population on regional development and modernization processes. The research of the economic inequality of the population on the basis of statistical data and social surveys that conducted in the regions of the North-Western Federal District was reviewed. The indicators that reflect the degree of material inequality of the population from 2000 to 2012 are analyzed in article. The study characterizes social groups according to populations’ wealth status, taking into consideration the actual income level among these categories. The study shows a relationship between the modernization level and the magnitude of inequality: the higher is the modernization level, the higher is the degree of income inequality in the region. The article also contains the classification of the regions by the level of modernization of the economy and the degree of socio-economic inequality of the population, which leads to the conclusion that the level of the territory’s modernization, the level of income and the degree of stratification of the population are directly dependent on each other.

The article considers formation of different types of coalitions in the World Trade Organization, special attention is paid to trade-related aspects that are important for already working coalitions. Differences were found in the types of coalitions, the most strengths of coalition unions were identified for negotiations. Certain processes of coalitional diplomacy in the WTO was considered and allowed to make an active participant in the negotiation process any country that aspiring to express and defend its trade interests. Examples and diagrams are given for coalitions with protective and defensive interests in agriculture, as well as the members of these groups are studied in details.

The article gives a broad definition of the shadow economy used in international practice. It is based on the main incentives of the shadow economic activities of business entities in countries with developed market economy: taxes and social security contributions, intensity of regulatory activities, public sector services. Shadow economy has its own peculiarities in Russia, where the economic system has undergone profound changes. Excessive tax burden and the redundant regulation of economic activities are listed among the main causes of the shadow economy. Moreover, it is noted that the level of the shadow economy is affected by the significant extent of the public sector in the economy, small enterprise development, mass migration, the opening of external markets, changes in labour relations towards higher informality, etc. In addition to the increasing scale, the shadow economic activities in Russia are characterised by the qualitative transformation of the functions of the informal sector and informal relations. The article highlights positive and negative aspects of the impact of the shadow economy on the socio-economic sphere of society. An extensive overview of literature on the topic is presented in the article.

The paper examines the current issues in the sphere of profit tax legislation. The analysis of the incompatibility of business accounting and tax accounting shows that it results in additional time and material expenditures, and in the lack of correspondence between the sums of accounting profit and taxable profit. The authors substantiate the need for similar rules of forming information for profit tax assessment of businesses.

The article presents a comparative characteristic interpretations definition «financial capacity», as well as the author’s approach to the interpretation of the term. Based on this definition, a systematic approach to the management of financial potential of the enterprise, taking into account the internal (state capital structure of the enterprise, the quality of management of existing assets, the level of accounts receivable and payable, the level of financial stability, public financial support, the level of financial reserves, the quality of management decision-making, dividend policy) and external (for available and cheap resources, natural conditions, inflation, fiscal policy, investment climate in the region) factors is proposed. Special attention is paid to the formation of sources of information resources for the management of the financial potential of the enterprise, including accounting, financial and economic statistical information, information institutions of the banking system, other. Also the stages of a systems approach to the management of financial potential of the enterprise: diagnostics enterprise financial performance, evaluation of structural dynamics of financial indicators, monitoring financial performance of the company was discussed in article in detail.

Readers are invited to General methodological approach for quantitative assessment of transaction costs in the organization, based on the decomposition of cost and qualitative analysis of its elements. This approach, according to the author, allows sufficient extent, to identify both variable and fixed costs, as well as their dynamics on the scale of the issue. Studying different ways of dynamics, the author makes an educated guess about its connection with the change of the type of institutional arrangements used by the organization. Therefore, puts forward a proposal on the possibility of making some refinements to the model O. Williamson.

The authors try to estimate total factor productivity of the Russian economy. Hall-Jones scale is applied when carrying out macroeconomic spatial analysis of total factor productivity and output elasticity with respect to human and physical capital. Dynamic analysis of total factor productivity and output elasticity coefficient (income, expenses, wages of Russia’s population) with respect to physical and human capital for 2003-2012 was carried out. Total factor productivity increases and output elasticity decreases with respect to human capital in the considered period of time.

The problem of the structure of insurance reserves, their completeness and due to the actuarial tariff basis is considered in the article. The structure of insurance reserves, consisting of a reserve for future payments and future expenditures is reasoned. The author proposes a method of calculation of both reserves using the model of the generalized actuarial basis. The article shows the necessity of recognition of income of the insurer under a life insurance contract in a lump sum at the time of entry into force of the insurance contract, and not as the deadline for the payment of regular contributions. The functions of both reserves in an analytical form were received for simple cases in common insurance. The approbation of calculation of insurance reserves using these functions is complete. Testing showed that the proposed technique is better suited actuarial basis, than the method prescribed by the applicable regulations.

The article defines and discusses defined time points and key factors determining quality changes of status of Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk Region throughout their life cycles; periodization of development of the city and region is made via historical method; the role of service sector, in particular, transport, education and science in innovative development of the federal subject is shown; critical analysis of modern approaches to management of development of the region in question is carried out; various development pathways by the example of certain types of activities are put together; conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made; government statistics data, open data of department statistics, results of authors research are used as a data base.

Statistical relationship between a number of injured by accidents at work and amount of money spent on arrangements for improvement of working conditions and labour safety, as well as average number of listed employees in construction in Novosibirsk Region and in the Russian Federation is defined. Correlation between a number of accidents and financing of labour safety arrangement is estimated on the basis of the found dependence. Regression analysis is carried out using the least square method, with the following autocorrelation and multicollinearity test. Several multiple regression equations are found as the result of study of data for Novosibirsk Region, selection of model that described the suggested parameters best is proved, forecast is made. Multiple linear regression equation for injury rate in the Russian Federation is found, its parameters are checked, projected value of number of injured is calculated. Relationship between the factors under study is defined and suggestion towards the following use of the research results is made.

Up-to-date requirements of labour market promote the development of flexible work status, including distance employment. In fact, labour became a global resource, since mobility of labour booms by virtue of Internet and labour market exceeds national boundaries. Distance employment has advantages both for employee and employer. however, implementation of distance employment in russian faces a number of issues and uncertainties at legislative level. Legislative regulation of issues connected with flexible working hours requires further development and more thorough elaboration.

Formations of innovative economy in subjects of the Russian Federation depends on diversification practically of all elements of regional economy. The importance of effective functioning of social and economic mechanisms of development of the Russian regions significantly increases during financial and economic crisis and post-crisis restoration. In this regard the analysis of transformation of functions of institute regulator of a state policy in labor market at the regional and local level which the employment service is actual. Need of expeditious development and realization of a package of measures on decrease in intensity in regional labor market demands restructuring of a situation in labor market by means of creation of necessary quantity of the new workplaces answering to the purposes and problems of prevention of effects of an economic crisis. This article examines the key aspects of the development of public service employment in the Russian Federation, as well as to identify the components of the main directions of the state policy in stimulating activation of regulatory instruments of the domestic labor market.

The article shows dependence of effectiveness of labour behavior on gender, age, capabilities and state of health of man using substantial empiric material. Differences in labour of men and women primarily concern methods of execution of work, motivation, satisfaction with working conditions etc. Authors periodization of labour path of employees is given and features of each stage are shown. It is demonstrated that capabilities of employee primarily affect fastness of achievement of good result. «Rejuvenation» of disease incidence and emerging of new diseases create an alarming trend of lowering of labour motivation and labour satisfaction. Consideration of psychophysiological factors of labour productivity will make it possible to cut the likelihood of management mistakes and forecast success.

In the conditions of need constantly to introduce new business initiatives the economic growth and prosperity of the organizations depends on competitiveness of human resources more and more. Competitiveness of the worker isn’t the state which stiffened, finished, continuous updating of the available knowledge, skills and acquisition new is required. In this regard objective need of knowledge of processes of the organization, development and destruction of businesscareer increases. In the conditions of increase of the competition for human resources in business which is based on ideas and brands more and more, career is focused on protection of the intellectual capital of the organization. She allows to guarantee to the organization continuity in a business management, to ensure its safety due to appointment to key positions of the loyal, checked workers who are well knowing specifics of business processes in the organization. In article the concept of business career as metamodels of management of competitiveness of the worker is considered. Within this concept strategy of career through a prism of competitiveness of the worker are proved.

The paper suggests the methodological approach to estimation of new territories appeal on the basis of analysis of factors of macro environment and competitive landscape for project stage (entry into new market) and operating activity stage for Russian companies struggling with growth in the developed territorial market. At that, dynamics of shift in demand in the territorial market, direction and intensity of change of return on assets and product (service) profitability, level of investment appeal of the territory (region), level of social development of the territory and its image, level of instability of external environment in the territory under development are used. Critical analysis of existing methods of estimation of the territory appeal as one of the key indicators used in strategic decision making at a national market level is carried out. Results of approbation of the suggested method in the system of strategic management of «Gazprom Transgaz Tomsk» LLC, in particular with regard to such option of territorial expansion as the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Irkutsk Region, Republic of Buryatia, are presented. Government statistics data, data of department statistics, results of authors expert research are used as a data base.

The article is devoted to the possibilities of using crowdsourcing as a source of innovation for the organization. The essence of crowdsourcing is defined, the benefits of its use in innovation for the organization and the employees are highlighted. Experience of AlfaBank and Sberbank of Russia, first domestic companies, which has attracted a community of interested employees and customers to improve performance, rework of products and services, is considered.

The article describes the inter-branch model of the Novosibirsk region economy. The model is built according to the 2011 data based on the analysis of forms «1-enterprise» and regional indicators of the system of national accounts. This model is synchronized with the input-output tables of Russia in 2011, which will allow comparisons. The article describes the material costs coefficients, the full costs coefficients and the corresponding figures for items of gross value added.

The article makes an assessment of the modern state of the beet sugar subcomplex of Bryansk Region. Estimated gross yield of sugar beet from fields of the region in 2014 is defined, perspectives of production of sugar beet by Lopandinsky sugar factory are estimated on its basis. Main directions for the development of the beet sugar subcomplex in the context of need for provision of food security are defined. Application of «W. Launhardt’s location triangle» method can be of academic interest; recommendations which make it possible to balance existing refining capacity with overall production of sugar beet, as well as with crop acres in the reserved area of raw provision can be of practical relevance. The research results show that the beet sugar subcomplex of Bryansk Region at present doesn’t satisfy internal demand of the region in sugar and it poses a threat to provision of food security of the region. The need for increase of crop areas of sugar beet and season of sugar refining at Lopandinsky sugar factory by means of application of field piling technology is proved for solution of the given issue. The said offers will make it possible to achieve optimal level of use of existing refining capacity and satisfy demand of population of the region in white sugar.

The article brings the results of the authors research of features of activity of business entities in municipal districts of Ulyanovsk region. Normal density functions describing mean values and current differentiation of quantity of business entities per 10 thousand inhabitants, revenue of business entity, as well as number of employees and revenue per one employee are elaborated. Indicators characterizing sectoral structure of small and medium business entities are considered. Analysis of regularities specific to activity of total business entities of municipal districts is presented.

The paper presents the estimation of efficiency of implementation of innovation technological project in conditions of a current tax system. It is demonstrated that implementation of a new technological project in industrial production, which effect is primarily connected with direct material cost saving, leads to significant growth of tax liabilities. Mostly, this growth is connected with increase of VAT. At that, financial and economic indicators of enterprise performance partially decline. The analysis of effect of the tax system on efficiency of innovation made it possible to prove feasible direction of its changes.

The article presents and discusses the results of the analysis of the main indicators of activity of small business entities that make it possible to assess the impact of this sector on the economic development of the Republic. Periodization of population dynamics of small business entities is made. Structure of types of small business entities is defined, trend of their change depending on the current economic policy of the state is spotted. Contribution of small business entities to formation of regional gross domestic product is indicated. Detailed qualitative characteristic of one of the main directions of development of small business in Khakasia is given. It includes new job formation that contributes to solution of a problem of economically active population employment in the Republic in general as well as at the level of municipal districts. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made. Government statistics data is used as a data base.

The article analyzes dynamics of social and cognitive regulators of unoccupied population in relation to self-employment based on the results of authors social research conducted in monitored mode using the same methodology in Novosibirsk region. Dynamics of social and demographic potential of unoccupied population (age, gender, education, material situation, social vulnerability and social dependency, burden of unemployment, reasons of unemployment, attitude to unemployed people, social mobility etc.) is examined. Dynamics of intrinsic motivation (work ethic, values, motivation and readiness if unemployed people to self-employment, their plans regarding selection of individual forms) is also examined. The analysis drew out a number of positive trends in dynamics of social and cognitive regulators of unoccupied population: readiness to social mobility, degree of hope on themselves are being changed. The conclusion lies in the need for continuation of elaboration of special programs, provision of specific assistance and support to people who choose self-employment.

Public participation as a set of institutional mechanisms for sustainable social development today is undergoing significant changes. The article estimates the prospective analysis of this phenomenon through the prism of the theory of social capital. The article analyses the features of participation interpretations, emphasizes significant variables. It shows the relative dependence of the quality of social capital on the nature of public participation. It is noted that the very willingness and ability to participate, and the presence in the social media opportunities for public participation, can be considered as social capital. It can be accumulated or run away.

The paper discusses development of methodology of determination of economic strategy of enterprise with regard to mutually beneficial exchange of resources with other enterprises. Demand and supply functions depending on exchange norms are introduced, their properties are examined and the iterative method of determination of a mutually beneficial exchange of resources between enterprises is developed on their basis. Principle of the method is as follows: one enterprise establishes a rate of exchange of resources, and the other determines volumes of resources it is ready to exchange at that rate. Such negotiating process directly between enterprises ends at fixed point that defines balanced norm of exchange rate, demand and supply.

The article considers and discusses issues of performance appraisal of general education system. The aim of this research is elaboration of universal method of performance appraisal of general education system, with adequate benchmark of the system performance and resources spent on its achievement; such algorithm makes it possible to apply it for all regions of the Russian Federation with minimal adjustments. System of indicators of the «Results» module of performance of general education system is suggested. Calculation results with regard to appraisal of the «Results» module, grouping of districts of Novosibirsk region by values of summary index and index of general education system efficiency are presented. Main principles of use of calculation results by the given method are formulated, assessment of further direction of development of the method is made. Government and department statistics data is used as a data base.

The paper discusses the concept of wave-corpuscle duality based on Fourier-related mathematical models of corpuscle movement as signals in coordinate and frequency space.

The article considers some instruments of performance management at the level of municipal formation. A comparison of level of development of workforce productivity with main competitive cities is made. Applied methods of management of workforce productivity are considered. The effect of estimation of efficiency of activity of municipal officials on the real growth of workforce productivity and satisfaction with quality of services, rendered by municipal enterprise in the territory of municipal formation, is defined. The results of application of the balanced scorecard are appraised. Conclusions on positive and negative trends, occurring due to application of the balanced scorecard as a main method of estimation of efficiency of work of municipal officials, are drawn. The conclusions are proved by data of the sociological research. Development of the system of mechanisms, including all spheres of influence of administration of municipal formation on municipal sector of economy, is suggested as a solution of the revealed problems.

The methodological approach to management of workforce productivity is developed; it makes it possible to determine level of workforce productivity for overall production and production costs plan fulfillment; reveal and range factors, having effect on efficiency of labour of workers, assess their effect on financial result; choose activities aimed at increase of workforce productivity; organize and control work with regard to responsibility centers; assess effect of management results on financial situation of colliery undertakings.