Home – Home – Jornals – The journal "Ateroskleroz" 2011 number 1

Promoter polymorphism TNFC-863A; TNFG-308A; TNFG-238A; IL-1 β C-511T; IL-1 β T-31C; IL4C-590T; IL-6G-174C; IL10А-1082G; IL10C-590A; MMP-2C-1306T; MMP-9C-1562 T; HSP-70-2 A-1267G and HSP-70-HOM C-2437T of genes was investigated with the purpose of research association their genotypes with development of myocardium infarct (MI) at different age of means.
For genotyping we used a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method of PCR products (RFLP-analysis) by specific primers. The amplification products were hydrolysis and restriction fragments were analysis. We are investigation 223 patients and 95 healthy men. It Is shown, that practically in each polymorphic site of the investigated genes come to light genotypes, in a various degree associated with development MI. Frequently these genetic risk factors was cooperate with classical risk factors of atherosclerosis development: smoking, age, weight index of the body, arterial pressure. Complex analysis a lot of genotypes polymorphic sites of genes IL-1β - IL-4- IL-6- IL-10 - TNF-A are show higher parameters of relation risk (OR). Polymorphism genes research of proteins which participating in regulation of inflammation activity is independent value in creation of complex genetic risk factors of development of an atherosclerosis and its vascular complications.

To estimate dynamics of free fatty acids (FFA) and their relationship with markers of insulinoresistance, oxidized-modified low-density lipoprotein (omLDLP) and antibodies to them in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
79 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with the rise of ST segment were surveyed. The first group was composed of patients without clinical signs of acute heart failure (I class AHF Killip), the second group was composed of patients with signs acute heart failure (II-IV class AHF Killip). The control group consisted of 33 individuals without cardiovascular diseases. A study was conducted in the 1st and the 12th day of the disease. Blood lipid spectrum was assessed using a standard test system manufactured by Thermo Fisher Sientific (Germany) on a biochemical Analyzer Konelab 30i. The content of omLDLP in serum and antibodies to them, insulin, C-peptide were assessed by immunoferment method using sets of firms Biomedica and BCM Diagnostics (Germany). Insulinoresistance was assessed using QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Chek Index).
Aterogen dislipidemia was revealed in MI patients. In Group II-IV klass AHF Killip there was a more pronounced and prolonged increase in FFA, omLDLP and antibodies to them. The were also direct correlated relationships between levels of FFA and kreatinkinaze activity, between the content of FFA and glucose and these relationships were negative between FFA and QUICKI.
The development of clinical complications of myocardial infarction is accompanied by a marked rise in the level of free fatty acids, which reflects not only the damage to the myocardium, but also participates in the formation of insulinoresistance. Determination of FFA level can represent a great potential for risk stratification both of acute and recurrent coronary events and selecting the tactics of further treatment.

To investigate the levels of uric acid and apoE in patients with normo- and hyperlipidemia. The serum lipids, apolipoproteins and uric acid levels were measured with Chronolab (Switzerland) kits in 78 patients: 53 patients with normolipidemia and 25 patients with hyperlipidemia of type IIa and IIb. Significantly higher levels of apo-E were registered in patients with hyperlipidemia than in patients with normolipidemia, but there were no differences in content of uric acid. A comparative correlation analysis detected a significant correlation between uric acid and apoE levels in both groups but in normolipidemic patients the correlation was positive while in hyperlipidemic patients it was negative. Hyperlipidemia provokes inversion of correlation between the levels of uric acid, apoE and apoC3. A rise of apoC3 may serve an adaptive mechanism of inhibition of apo-E induced hyperlipidemia.

In the investigation of the indices of arterial rigidity as the independent predictors of cardiovascular events, new parameters are considered: characterization of the reflected systolic wave and determination of the QKd interval. Examination of 290 persons revealed that the significant independent determinants for the value of the reflected systolic wave were the age of patients, body mass, arterial hypertension, and pulse pressure; for the QKd index - pulse pressure. In light of the outlooks of the clinical use of these indices, it appears necessary to study their determinants.

The data of the last 15 years concerning the immunomodulatory approaches using for treatment of atherosclerosis. The data about protein-targets of anti-atherogenic vaccines are reviewed in brifly. Oral or nasal administration of heat shock protein (HSP) and other infection agents result in inhibiting of atherosclerosis development and associated with increased anti-inflammatory cytokins and decreased levels of HSP antibodies. Immunization of animals using oxidized lipoprotein low density or modified apolipoprotein B peptide was found to result in significant reduction of plaque evelopment. Vaccine against a peptide of cholesteryl ester transfer protein is protected the dislipiproteinemia development and reduced atherosclerosis in rabbits. The data about anti-atherosclerotic effects of vaccines to cytokins and angiogenesis factors and antibodies against CD40 is reviewed in brief. We conclude that combined vaccine creation is new perspective approach of cardiovascular disease treatment.

The overview summarizes modern data concerning ischemic heart disease in women. Diagnostic and therapy features of disease are considered from the gender medicine points of view.  Not only theoretical data are given in the paper, but also their clinical practical possible use.

Accoding to modern views, endothelial dysfunction is considered to be the key link in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, manifesting in imbalance between endothelial vasoactive substances - vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. Is demonstrated, that practically all risk factors of atherosclerosis realises the unfavorable effect through endothelial dysfunction. In this connection, is actual to asses the indexes of endothelial function in men with risk factors of atherosclerosis as the markers of early atherosclerotic changes of vessels. The assigning of pathogenetic therapy at this stage, and also for faces with the demonstrated atherosclerosis will allow considerably improve the prognosis of patients.

The purpose of the review. Analyze basic data on the contribution of serum lipids blood in the development of gallstone disease (GSD), how in the world, and on Northern Russia, as well as new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of GSD. Recent literature data prevalence of the GSD in the world is 10-15 %.  According to some epidemiological and clinical studies, serum lipid profile did not differ in patients with and without GSD, in others - the GSD was accompanied by hyperlipidemia. In epidemiological study among the unorganized population of Novosibirsk GSD found significantly more frequently among men and women with lipid metabolism disorders. Among Asian Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North (with a less severe hyperlipidemia) GSD met less frequently than among aliens. In addition to biliary way of cholesterol catabolism recently discovered  transintestinal cholesterol efflux  (TICE) in the proximal small intestine. The impact on this mechanism, in particular with the use of ezetimibe, is considered as a promising  approach in the treatment of not only atherosclerosis, but and GSD.