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Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM”

2020 year, number 3

1.
PROSPECTS FOR DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: AN EXPERT VIEW

V.S. Efimov, A.V. Lapteva
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: высшее образование, университеты, перспективы цифровых технологий, higher education, universities, prospects for digital technology

Abstract >>
A conceptual analysis of the structure of educational activities in higher education is carried out and a system «map» is developed, representing groups of necessary digital technologies and solutions. Based on a survey of experts, digital technologies are positioned according to availability levels - from preliminary developments to mass-marketed products. In the future, until 2030, all the technology groups discussed will be developed to the level of locally applied products, many to mass-used products



2.
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS INDUSTRIAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANISMS

V.V. Titov
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: нововведения, организационно-экономические мероприятия, экономические механизмы, оптимизация планирования, стоимость компании, innovations, organizational and economic measures, economic mechanisms, optimization of planning, company value

Abstract >>
The achievement of competitive advantages of industrial enterprises is formed by innovations, a variety of organizational and economic measures. Quantitative analysis of their effectiveness is based on the use of an economic and mathematical model for optimizing enterprise planning. The use of optimization indicators may not lead to an increase in the efficiency of the enterprise. It is the presence of innovations, mechanisms for stimulating their development and implementation that ensures the achievement of competitive advantages by the enterprise. Hence, the economic mechanisms themselves appear to be innovations.



3.
PARAMETRIZATION OF ROBUST HOMEOSTASIS AS THE REGULATOR OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

M.A. Alekseev, E.V. Freydina, N.K. Ulanova
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: механизм робастного управления, параметризация, "плавающее равновесие", робастный гомеостаз, цикл операционной деятельности, robust control mechanism, parameterization, "floating equilibrium", robust homeostasis, operational cycle

Abstract >>
An approach to the parametrization of robust homeostasis, an information structure that closes the homeostatic space of the operating activity of an economic system and is an instrument of the robust control mechanism, is presented. Operational activity is considered as a set of horizontal cycles, consisting of interrelated financial, material, information processes and flows. Key principles are proposed and the composition of parameters as triggers of operational activities, allowing an economic entity to enter a state of robust stability, is presented. From the standpoint of information security, certain limitations and theoretical patterns have been identified that allow, in the methodological and practical plane, to synthesize a set of parameters for assessing management decisions made, aimed at achieving a state of «floating (robust) equilibrium» by economic entities. For each of the derived parameters, an information granule formula is presented, which determines the range of proposed solutions and associated changes. It is shown that, with the observed multiplicity of the degrees of freedom of the parameters under consideration, the achievement of robust homeostasis acts as a springboard for the regulation of operational activities, coincides with the established principles of designing information structures, and does not contradict the patterns of their temporal and content variability.



4.
ANALYSIS OF BUDGETS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION SUBJECTS USING BUDGET COEFFICIENTS

T.V. Sumskaya1,2
1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
2Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: регионы, региональный бюджет, субъекты Российской Федерации, доходы и расходы бюджетов, бюджетные коэффициенты, regions, regional budget, subjects of Russian Federation, revenues and expenses of budgets, budgetary coefficients

Abstract >>
The paper proposes a tool of budgetary coefficient for analysis of the sustainability of regional budgets. Five budget coefficients were considered: the ratio of grants and collected revenues, coefficient of budget effectiveness of territories, coefficient of budget debts, coefficient of budget coverage and coefficient of budget provision of the population. The necessity of using these coefficients in the analysis of fiscal policy on federal and sub-federal level is shown. The author reveals peculiarities of the structure of revenues and expenditures of the budgets of regions of Russian Federation for 2012-2018. The analysis showed that one of the key problems in the field of budgetary alignment at the subnational level are significant differences in the budgetary provision of regions before and after transferring resources from federal budget to regional budgets.



5.
SOME PROBLEMS OF INCREASING LIFTING FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE POPULATION

A.I. Naumenko1, A.V. Shapovalova2
1Siberian Academy of Finance and Banking, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
2Siberian University of Consumer Cooperatives, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: инфраструктура финансового рынка, уровень финансовой грамотности, индекс финансовой грамотности, национальная стратегия повышения финансовой грамотности населения, the financial market infrastructure, the level of financial literacy of the population, financial literacy index, national strategy to increase the financial literacy of the population

Abstract >>
The article discusses some aspects of improving the financial literacy of the population. In recent years, this issue has acquired particular relevance due to the investment passivity of the population and the growth of its debt load. For a number of countries, the results of representative surveys (2018-2020) are presented with an assessment of the level of financial literacy of the population, it is indicated that this level is uneven across regions, even within one country. As a rule, insufficient motivation of the population to their level of financial literacy and lack of responsibility for personal well-being are indicated. The article indicates the need for a developed infrastructure of the financial market and its readiness for the application of financial knowledge.



6.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY ON NATIONAL ECONOMY: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND APPROBATION

M. R. Safiullin1, R.T. Burganov2, L.A. Elshin1
1Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
2Kazan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kazan, Russian Federation
Keywords: блокчейн технологии, ВВП, финансовый сектор экономики, кредитные риски, операционные риски, финансовые результаты, сценарное моделирование, прогнозирование, blockchain technology, GDP, financial sector of the economy, credit risks, operational risks, financial results, scenario modeling, forecasting

Abstract >>
Although international and national financial institutions, as well as real economy enterprises, take rather strong interest in distributed data storage technologies and research on assessment of the use of potential of blockchain platforms in social and economic environment, there is little theoretical understanding of the issue. In this regard, the paper attempts to fill the vacuum concerning the matters revealing other aspects of the research subject, for example economic and social effects of the introduction of blockchain technologies into activities of the economic entities. Formal assessment and scenario modeling of GDP increment dynamics in new institutional conditions of economic management are carried out on the basis of the assessment of the emerging effects caused by the integration of distributed data storage technologies into the system of economic operations



7.
UNKNOWN PROPERTIES OF ENTERPRISES REVENUE

V.V. Belykh
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: планирование, стохастический процесс, темп роста, сезонность, логнормальное распределение, стационарность, статистическая независимость, корреляционные связи, planning, stochastic process, growth rate, seasonality, lognormal distribution, stationarity, statistical independence, correlation relationships

Abstract >>
Despite the large amount of research devoted to economic uncertainty, enterprises are still held hostage by unforeseen circumstances. This is facilitated by management focused on forecasting average revenue values, while the most serious consequences are caused by random fluctuations in sales. The focus of this study is a mathematical model of revenue under conditions of uncertainty in demand, which can be used to develop planning methods based on separation, deterministic and random components of sales.



8.
WORLD PRACTICE OF APPROACHES TRANSFORMATION TO THE CROWDFUNDING REGULATION

Yu.V. Kuvaeva, M.V. Chudinovskikh
Ural State Economic University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Keywords: краудфандинг, регулирование, саморегулирование, модели, пиринговое кредитование, акционерный краудфандинг, crowdfunding, regulation, self-regulation, models, peer-to-peer lending, equity crowdfunding

Abstract >>
The problem of financing small and medium-sized enterprises is on the current agenda of most countries in the world economy, because they provide employment, generate innovation and accelerate economic growth. The article is devoted to the analysis of the world practice of transformation of approaches to the regulation of crowdfunding. The methodological component of the work consists of general scientific and special methods including statistical and comparative analysis. The purpose of this study is to classify the main approaches to regulating crowdfunding in countries with developed economies. At the first stage, the main trends of crowdfunding and the evolution of its models in the period from 2014 to the present are considered. At the second stage, regulatory approaches to regulating crowdfunding in the United States, the EU, and the Russian Federation were investigated. The analysis identified three key approaches to regulating crowdfunding («Prohibited», «Self-regulated», and «Regulated»), and concluded that since 2020, the Russian Federation has changed its approach from «Self-regulated» to «Regulated»



9.
MULTI-ASPECT ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN REGIONS INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT

M.A. Kaneva1,2, G.A. Untura1
1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
2E.T. Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: инновационное развитие, стратегия, многоаспектный анализ, регионы РФ, статистические методы, innovation development, strategy, multi-aspect analysis, regions of the Russian Federation, statistical methods

Abstract >>
The application of quantitative methods in the analysis of innovation development in the context of modern challenges and threats becomes particularly significant. An original methodology of multi-aspect analysis of the indicators of innovation development of the regions of Russia is suggested. The research goal was the application of multi-aspect analysis for intertemporal comparisons of the state of innovation development in 2005-2018. The obtained results pointed at the prioritization of human capital as a factor of innovation development, as well as at the gap in innovation dynamics between leading regions and other territories. The results can be used for justification of the differentiated innovation policy of the regions of the Russian Federation.



10.
QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR EVALUATING TEST RESULTS

A.V. Ganicheva1, A.V. Ganichev2
1Tver State Agricultural Academy, Tver, Russian Federation
2Tver State Technical University, Tver, Russian Federation
Keywords: тест, согласованность оценки, число заданий, точность, надежность, относительная ошибка, test, consistency of evaluation, number of tasks, accuracy, reliability, relative error

Abstract >>
The article considers such important testing issues as estimate conformity to average estimate regarding each test item, determination of the necessary number of test items, prediction of percentage of estimate deviations within the given range for general totality at specified reliability and accuracy values. The definition of relative estimate error in general totality of items is given; a method of calculation of its quantitative characters (average value, scatter, distribution density and percentage of probable relative errors within the given range) was developed.



11.
STATISTICAL INDICATORS SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY

E.S. Shmarikhina, N.I. Ovechkina
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: высшее образование, качество высшего образования, критерии оценки качества, качество образовательных услуг, нормативно-правовые акты, система статистических показателей, higher education, quality of higher education, quality assessment criteria, quality of educational services, regulations, system of statistical indicators

Abstract >>
In the article the concept of «higher education», its goals and main objectives of legal regulation in federal legislation are considered. A system of statistical indicators is formed that measures the quality of higher education based on the review of the Federal Law «On Education in the Russian Federation», the methodical recommendations of the Ministry of education and science of Russia and local regulations of the NSUEM on conducting an independent assessment of the quality of educational activities and the quality of education. The concepts of «quality of education», «quality of educational services» and «quality of instruction» are discussed.



12.
REGRESSIONAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS AFFECTING LIFE LENGTH

E.N. Galushina1, P.V. Galushin2, A.V. Tynkevich1
1Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
2Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: ожидаемая продолжительность жизни, регрессионная модель, R, социально-экономические факторы, информационный критерий Акаике, корреляция, life expectancy, regression model, socio-economic indicators, Akaike information criterion, correlation

Abstract >>
In this paper, we consider the influence of socio-economic indicators on the life expectancy in the regions of the Russian Federation, identify which of them are statistically significant, predict the life expectancy and model the life expectancy in the «ideal» region of the Russian Federation. The model of life expectancy was built using multiple regression analysis by eliminating insignificant factors. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated using the Akaike information criterion.



13.
STRATEGY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SIBERIA THROUGH TO 2020: ANALYSIS OF MAIN INDICATORS AND RESULTS

M.A. Vargach
Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Keywords: Сибирь, Сибирский федеральный округ, рубеж XXI века, стратегия развития, социально-экономическое положение, инвестиционная привлекательность, ресурсный потенциал, инвестиции, промышленное производство, валовой региональный продукт, Siberia, Siberian Federal District, the border of the XXI century, development strategy, socio-economic situation, investment attractiveness, resource potential, investments, industrial production, gross regional product

Abstract >>
This article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the results of the implementation of the Socio-economic Strategy for Siberia until 2020, and to the study of the current geopolitical and economic situation of the Siberian Federal District. Attention is also paid to such issues as investment attractiveness of the district, foreign trade turnover, export and import infrastructure, investments in fixed capital of the region, risks of the district’s development, gross regional product and industrial production index in the regions of the Siberian Federal District.



14.
PREDESTINED. AT THE FRONT LINE DEEP IN THE REAR

A.A. Kiselnikov1,2
1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
2Rosstat Regional Office of Novosibirsk Region, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: Сибирский край, Новониколаевск, Новосибирск, коллективизация, индустриализация, эвакуационная кампания 1941 г, мобилизационная экономика, военный период, проект создания ракетно-ядерного щита, Siberian region, Novonikolaevsk, Novosibirsk, collectivization, industrialization, evacuation campaign of 1941, mobilization economy, war period, project of creation of "nuclear-missile shield"

Abstract >>
In view of the 75th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War the article considers some significant events and main stages of the development of Novosibirsk as a center of the vast Siberian region which was destined to lend a weighty contribution to the common victory of Soviet people. Apart from the period of war against Fascist Germany and its allies on the Western Front (22.06.1941-08.05.1945) and crushing defeat of militarist Japan (9.08.1945-3.09.1945) the article synopsizes the whole pre-war period of formation of Novosibirsk as major administrative, transport and logistics hub and industrial center in the east of the country. The article also considers the role of Novosibirsk in creation of nuclear-missile weapons of the Soviet Union in the post-war five-year plans.



15.
FEATURES OF REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS FUNCTION IN THE NORTHERN STATES OF THE USA

V. N. Minat
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostycheva, Ryazan, Russian Federation
Keywords: национальная инновационная система США, региональная инновационная система (РИС), штаты Севера США, анализ региональной инновационной деятельности, факторы (показатели) развития РИС, индикаторы уровня развития РИС, кластерный анализ, оценка в пространстве главных компонент, national innovation system of the USA, regional innovation system (RIS), States of the North of the USA, analysis of regional innovation activity, factors (indicators) of RIS development, indicators of the level of RIS development, cluster analysis, assessment in the space of main components

Abstract >>
The article examines the features of regional innovation systems functioning in the period 2000-2019, which were developed in the Northern States of the United States as one of the three largest regions of the country, characterized by the historically formed most developed part of the national innovation system. On the basis of a set of indicators, the author analyzes the innovative development of the economy of the States of the specified region of the country and ranks them on the basis of statistical and dynamic indicators that characterize their key features in the new technological order. Developing a scientific hypothesis about the territorial heterogeneity of reproductive processes influencing the spatio-temporal characteristics of the results and pace of development of regional innovation systems based on substantive research is needed in all economic and administrative relations through the application of methods of statistical and economic and cluster analysis, the author obtained results that reflects not only the level of development of high technologies in the leading States of the Northern U.S., but produced a ranking of these subjects by the principal component method.



16.
SOME ESTIMATES OF THE LABOR COSTS FOR CREATING ELECTRONIC LIBRARIES

N.E. Kalenov, S.A. Kirillov, I.N. Sobolevskaya, A.N. Sotnikov
Federal Scientific Center Scientific Research Institute for System Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: электронные библиотеки, оцифровка книг, 3D-модели, музейные предметы, сканирование, трудозатраты, технологические процессы, digital libraries, books capture, 3D-models, museum objects capture, scanning, labor expenditures, technological process

Abstract >>
The issues of creation of books digital copies and 3D-models of museum objects as a content of integrated digital libraries are discussed in the paper. The process steps to take a digital content for digital library are presented and analyzed in terms of the Scientific Heritage of Russia digital library (SHR DL). Librarians, museum employees, editors and technical specialists carry out these steps. Time labor costs for performing certain operations such as the formation of digital objects and collections of these objects are calculated based on approved standards for library and museum works and on the basis of 10 years of provisioning experience with SHR DL. The analysis allows us to optimize the time spent on the formation of digital library elements by parallelizing technological processes.



17.
NETWORK EXPERT-ANALYTICAL PLATFORM AS A TOOL DECISION SUPPORT DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENTS

D.S. Tobin1,2
1St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
2Academy of Military Sciences of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Keywords: поддержка принятия решений, сетевая экспертиза, инструментальная платформа, программно-аппаратный комплекс, распределенная сетевая среда, decision support, network expertise, tool platform, hardware and software complex, distributed network environment

Abstract >>
The article outlines the basic principles of organizing a network of expert and analytical decision support platform as a tool for supporting business decision making in a distributed environment. It is shown that the proposed provisions are universal and can be used in the development of automated workplaces of any official making business decisions and managerial decisions based on the results of an examination of their options in a distributed environment, taking into account the requirements for protecting confidential information.



18.
SOCIAL REALITY AND THE DEHUMANIZATION PROCESS: NEW MEANINGS

M.V. Kostolomova
Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: социальная реальность, дегуманизация, цифровизация, парадигма, человек, общество, social reality, dehumanization, digitalization, paradigm, human, society

Abstract >>
This paper is devoted to the comprehension and analysis of the problem of dehumanization in the conditions of modern social reality. The author suggests focusing on new meanings of the process of «humanization» as a response to the multifactor, dynamism and instability of the global social world. Such «new meanings» are the background processes of human life today: the expansion of digital technologies, paradigm and worldview shifts, and more. Despite the societal scale of the issue under discussion, the article focuses on the availability of ways to overcome the «loss of man» crisis.



19.
SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MAIN FACTORS OF MODERN RUSSIAN WOMEN REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR

V.A. Artjukhina, V.V. Nagaytsev, A.N. Shrayber
Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Keywords: репродуктивное поведение женщин, объективные и субъективные факторы рождаемости, демографический кризис, государственная политика по стимулированию рождаемости, women's reproductive behavior, objective and subjective factors of birth rate, demographic crisis, state policy to stimulate birth rate

Abstract >>
The article presents the results of a sociological study of the main factors of modern women reproductive behavior in the Altai krai. The dependence of the reproductive behaviour of modern Russian women on a set of objective and subjective factors that can stimulate or slow down the birth rate in the region is determined. The obtained data make it possible to optimize and increase the effectiveness of regional measures to stimulate the birth rate and support families with children in a scientifically sound way.



20.
THE LIMIT OF RUSSIAN STATE CAPITALISM

V.V. Smirnov
Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary, Russian Federation
Keywords: банковский капитал, глобализация, империалистический капитализм, промышленный капитал, структура экономики, финансовый капитал, banking capital, globalization, imperial capitalism, industrial capital, economic structure, financial capital

Abstract >>
The purpose of the work is to identify the conditions for the formation of the limit of Russian state capitalism. The study is based on a systematic approach using methods of statistical, cluster and neural network analysis. The article reflects the connection between the limit of Russian state capitalism and the structure of the Russian economy and the exhaustion of the possibilities of its development as a whole. Russia merges industrial capital with banking at the level of state monopolies, forming imperialist capitalism. As a result of the assessment of the dynamics of generalizing indicators of the activities of organizations and the boundaries of the existence of households, the conditions for the formation of the limit of Russian state capitalism in the form of a prerequisites and a base are revealed. The study revealed that the growth rate of the total profit received by existing credit organizations is not determined by the growth rate of return on assets, profitability of goods, products, works, services sold, autonomy coefficient, but, to a greater extent, is associated with the growth rate of money supply. The increase in the growth rate of the amount of subsidies accrued to the population for payment of housing and utilities is due to the lag in the dynamics of the decline in the number of people with cash incomes below the subsistence minimum compared to the growth rate of the number of families receiving subsidies for housing and utilities. The research results expand the scope of knowledge and form new competencies of state authorities for making managerial decisions to maintain a stable position and image of Russia in the globalization process. The conditions for the formation of the limit of Russian state capitalism are: the prerequisites - the devaluation of the national currency, targeted state assistance to state enterprises during the crisis and the withdrawal of capital during the period of stable economic growth; the base - the need to increase the growth rate of the amount of subsidies accrued to the population for housing and utilities.



21.
IMPUTATION OF MUNICIPAL STATISTICS DATA

T.B. Skripkina
Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: импутация статистических данных, восстановление пропусков данных, муниципальная статистика, метод K ближайших соседей, критерий согласия Пирсона, imputation of statistical data, restoration of data omissions, municipal statistics, K nearest neighbor method, Pearson's consent criterion

Abstract >>
The article considers the key problem of conducting statistical analysis on an array of municipal statistics: the presence of a significant amount of missing data. The concept and types of data imputation are given. The application of the K nearest neighbor method for imputation at the stage of using official statistics data contained in the database of municipal indicators is justified. The author’s algorithm for restoring omissions in the data set of municipal statistics indicators using the STATISTICA system is proposed. Verification of the imputation results was performed by comparing the distributions of the original and restored data based on the Pearson’s consent criterion.