Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2021 number 4

The article provides a historical digression into the population census as the only tool that makes it possible to assess the current socio-economic and socio-demographic situation in a particular territory. The possible factors causing distrust and fear among the population that arise in the process of organizing and conducting this labor-intensive process are listed. Among them: legal support; methodological foundation; consciousness and responsibility of scribes; psychological attitude of respondents.

In the last decade of the XXth century, Russian employers began to experience difficulties with the selection of qualified personnel. The current situation was due to a structural imbalance between the supply and demand of labor and a general decline in the level of skilled personnel employed in industry. Over the years of reforms associated with the transition to market relations, the Russian industry has lost a significant number of production personnel, including people with the highest qualifications. The acute shortage, and sometimes the staff shortage, which many enterprises of the country are experiencing today are mainly of a structural nature, since the country uses technologies of different technological modes, and resource constraints on economic development from the supply of labor and its quality generations are poorly counted. According to various estimates, from 40 to 60 % of graduates of educational institutions do not work in their specialty and do not stay in the first place of work for a long period. Most leave after six months or a year. But the economy is changing rapidly. It is becoming innovative, high-tech and digital. The noted processes lead to the growth of the importance of the human factor and increase the requirements for people who enter the economy and must move it forward. For this, among other conditions, it is necessary to advance training of young personnel in the framework of newly emerging professions and even to «run ahead» somewhat in this matter. Since one of the main problems of Russian professional education today is the quality of training of specialists and qualified personnel, mastering a set of skills, characteristic of newly emerging professions and industries. The main trends against which the formation of today’s 6-14-year-old generation will take place are the subject of this article. The fourth industrial revolution is closely related to the latest technological advances - digitalization, robotization, the creation of artificial intelligence, etc., which in the short term will lead to the following: - about half of all existing professions will die out in the next decade; a huge mass of people will be without work, as the world will enter an era of high technological unemployment; the rate of technological change will be so high that workers physically do not keep up with retraining for new specialties, continuously replenishing the army of the unemployed. As a result of these transformations, not only the level, but also the structure of labor demand is changing - some professions become obsolete, others are replenished. J. Schumpeter said that the process of industrial mutation continuously reconstructs the economic structure from the inside, destroying the old and creating a new one.

The article examines the theoretical and legal aspects of waste management, describes the state of the waste management sector in Russia and the problems associated with it. On the basis of cluster analysis, regional differentiation in the considered sphere is determined. The efficiency of waste management in terms of current costs and investments in fixed assets, aimed at preventing the harmful effects of waste, for the national economy and at the level of the regions of Russia is assessed. The directions of improving of waste management sphere in Russia are formulated.

In the context of the current heat of global hypercompetition for the future, technological and social transformations, the deployment of the digital economy, the scale of the penetration of artificial intelligence into all spheres of life, the formation of human-centered and other models of the economy, including the model of Society 5.0, One of the priority issues on the agenda is assessment of the state of readiness of the transition to a new technological order. In this context, the article defines the conceptual framework for monitoring the readiness of the transition to a new technological order. The main obstacles that impede the receipt of complete and comprehensive information about digital transformation in the economy and its effectiveness, the scale and consequences of the introduction of artificial intelligence and technologies of the sixth technological order in the economy and the social sphere are identified. The analysis of the current state of scientific and technological development for a number of indicators is presented.

The paper gives a characteristic of a complex project for the development of the territory of Aerotropolis Tolmachevo, provides forecast estimates of the necessary capital expenditures for its implementation. In the course of the study, the advantages of placing business facilities in the airport zone for the main economic entities were identified, an assessment of the most important economic indicators of the Aerotropolis zone is given. The most important conditions for the implementation of the project have been formulated. It is concluded that the implementation of the complex project Aerotropolis Tolmachevo will become an important step in the spatial development of Russia, cementing its economic space and increasing its competitive position in the world economy.

The relevance of the study is due to the active implementation of IT technologies in various aspects of companies, which gives special importance to the development of a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of projects in a highly uncertain environment. The paper presents the methodology and assesses the effectiveness of IT projects using binomial «decision tree» model and iterative risk assessment metamodel «Lean Canvas». The comparative assessment of IT project efficiency using discounted cash flow method, binomial «decision tree» model and Black-Scholes model was carried out. The results have shown the advantage of option-based approach to the evaluation of IT project efficiency in comparison with the traditional DCF method, which allows to build flexibility in the planning and management of the project, assess its potential and consider the uncertainties as additional opportunities for profit.

The Russian segment of the web services market in the online environment, on the platform of the Upwork freelance exchange, is considered, its key characteristics, the composition of participants, development trends are highlighted, and the market structure is identified. It is found that despite the low barriers to entry, the web development market is very stable, since the composition of entrenched firms that have been operating for more than six years remains. The pricing policy of most Russian companies indicates that they work in the middle price segment and have low budgets, which is due to the specifics of the foreign market and high competition.

The paper shows the influence of activity of regional corporations at stock market on the development of regional economy in general. Various scientific approaches to the assessment of the influence of financial markets on overall economic situation were considered in the course of the research. The need for detailed study of functioning of regional securities markets, as well as detailed study of their peculiarities and courses of development was revealed. The methods of analysis of regional results of activities of legal entities at securities market were developed on the basis of tax reporting of issuers and assessment of investment attractiveness of regions. The following tasks were solved: study of the normative base regarding dealings of legal entities at stock market, analysis of investment attractiveness of regions, analysis of indicators of statistical tax reporting, development of the methods of assessment of business activity of organizations at stock market, carrying out the assessment of correlation dependence of the indicators of investment attractiveness of regions and statistical tax reporting with gross regional product of the Siberian Federal District entities. Following the assessment results a conclusion of the dependence of economic development of the region with its investment potential and dynamics of corporate investment activity in the respective territory was drawn. Tax incentive of investment activity of regional companies was marked as significant direction of state policy at securities market.

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern European model types of crowdfunding and the Russian practice of crowdfunding. The methodological component of the work was made up of general scientific and special methods, which include statistical and comparative analysis. The purpose of this study is to compare the modern European crowdfunding market with the Russian alternative finance market. At the first stage, the process of transformation of model types of crowdfunding in the European region and the UK from 2015 to the present has been studied. At the second stage, the situation on the Russian crowdfunding market is considered. As a result of the comparison of the European and Russian alternative finance markets, the latter has revealed a huge lag in terms of the variety of model types of crowdfunding offered, available and used on the market, as well as the volume of resources attracted through crowdfunding platforms.

The maintenance of civil peace and harmony in the Russian state from time immemorial has been defined as a priority that allows maintaining the integrity of both state and territorial. Global processes taking place in the world, epidemic waves of viruses, incessant local wars, diligent attempts to separate people and peoples bring to the fore the need to consolidate society in order to ensure the national security of the country. In this context, the importance of statistics increases, which significantly affects the perception of the dominant values by society, forms the attitude of people to the state policy being pursued. At the same time, the understanding of statistical information (figures, data) in a number of cases does not correspond to reality, making it difficult to adequately assess the existing situation, which is associated with an insufficient level of statistical literacy of the population, officials and specialists in various fields of activity.

The market of one of the most basic participants of the market of housing and communal services - credit organizations is considered. A statistical analysis of mortgage housing lending in Russia was carried out, the classification of the regions of the Russian Federation according to two groups of indicators was carried out: according to the indicators of the housing and communal services market and indicators of the level of socio-economic development of regions by cluster analysis methods and it was shown that not all regions (36 regions) correspond to their levels of groups according to two groups of indicators. The reasons for the development of regions according to the state of development of the housing and communal services market are revealed.

With the active development of the Russian stock market, new types of unfair practices and forms of illegal behavior of its participants appear. One of the latest problems that attracted the attention of the Central Bank of Russia was the influence of Telegram channels on the dynamics of shares in the Russian stock market. In order to comprehensively study the problem, based on the analysis of the publications of Telegram channels devoted to investment topics, the author identified 3 channels that most often publish investment ideas in order to influence the dynamics of the shares of a particular company. Next, 73 publications of trading ideas were selected and, using the Thomson Reuters Eikon database, the daily and weekly data on the dynamics of the stocks of the companies in the sample were downloaded. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the mechanism and the degree of influence of the publications of Telegram channels on the dynamics of shares of individual companies of the Russian stock market, as well as the potential excessive profitability that could be obtained by administrators of Telegram channels, were determined.

Most of the authors single out megacities as a special form of settlement, and speak of exceeding the level and pace of socio-economic development. Megacities attract enterprises of various business areas, as it is believed that this will have a positive impact on their development. In this paper, we assess the industry structure of the largest cities, analyze its differences from smaller territories, and conduct a discriminant analysis in order to identify the subjects of the Russian Federation that are predisposed to the appearance of a metropolis in them.

The article presents the models used in the planning of production with unstable technology. This issue is becoming increasingly important for universities in connection with the transition of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education to the new principle of planning a state order for specialists, when the admission figures in the state assignment turn into release figures. For successful work in these conditions, universities are forced to change their system of planning for the training of specialists. The considered models are a proven tool for determining the size of the contingent and the necessary resources, which must be launched into the educational process in order to fulfill the state order by a given deadline.

The role and significance of the information infrastructure of the entrepreneurial structures of the agro-industrial complex, which is directly related to innovative development and security, due to the improvement of information support, are disclosed. This research presents an overview of approaches to ensuring the security of information infrastructure objects in an attempt to illustrate their effectiveness in its operation. The importance of information as a productive resource was emphasized of the authors. Thus, the article formulates the perspective of the transition to «smart» agriculture with the support of the updated information infrastructure.

Modern crop production in the conditions of total reduction of tilled area is one of the priorities in effective farming. The adaptive intensification of crop production, which provides sustainable growth of yield, resource conservation and ecological safety, requires increase of financing and involvement of plant protection measures in the mechanism of state support, the use of genetic selection potential of plants, the use of agrotechnical measures, technical and technological upgrade, for the purpose of adjustment of arable crops growth conditions, improvement of grain quality, as well as soil conservation and enrichment. Scientifically proven measures regarding plant protection against hazardous organisms play a special role in the mechanism of state support and stimulation of agricultural goods producers. This approach will make it possible to abandon abusive application of chemical agents and replace them with biological ones against the same variety of pathogens; it will facilitate increase in arable crops yield, improve of quality of goods produced, cost saving and growth of net profit, in comparison with traditional technologies, as well as mitigate risks related to the influence of chemical agents on the environment. It will increase the field competitiveness both at internal and external market. The offered measures were developed with provision for the WTO requirements which make it binding to implement the methods of state support without distorting influence of activities of companies, i.e. implement the support within the «green box». The «green box» includes the costs of plant protection measures and productive infrastructure formation.

Currently, several studies have been conducted about overspending of funds in large-scale projects, including transport. International studies show that overspending by 20-100 % is not an exception, but an established fact. The article presents the results of comparing the estimated cost with the actual costs for several large-scale transport projects that were implemented on the territory of Russia. The conclusion is made about the need for a systematic analysis when evaluating the effectiveness of projects of this class.

This article is devoted to the study of the consequences of social isolation of elderly Muscovites during the spread of coronavirus infection. The author draws attention to the fact that the informal isolation of the older generation has existed for a long time, but only in the new conditions associated with the pandemic, the «home mode» of life in old age was fixed by law. Social isolation is considered as a risk to the life and health of the older generation. It is shown how unprecedented restrictive measures of the Government affected the psycho-emotional and physical health of elderly people, and the tasks of the state to reduce the vulnerability, ensure the safety and resilience of the elderly were not solved.

The article presents the results of two sociological studies carried out for the purpose of research of motivation of obtaining a higher education and factors of selection of a higher educational institution by foreign students, revelation of problems and elaboration of recommendations for their solution. It was revealed that foreign students in general praise obtaining a higher education, and that motivational postulates of obtaining education include not only commercial goals but cultural as well. It was established that Russian education is praised by foreign students in terms of quality, and that foreign students seek Russian education purposefully. It was found that Russia is a financially attractive country for foreign students, including employment. The study demonstrated a great significance of the website and social media of a higher educational institute for making decision on obtaining education in this higher educational institute. The results of the study showed that the level of competence in higher educational institutes of the city conforms to the requirements of foreign students and satisfies their demands maximally. At the same time several problems were revealed relating to training of foreign students: language problems; problems in training; communicational problems; social and cultural problems and social and everyday problems. Several recommendations were made to solve those problems.

The article compares the changes in the demographic situation in the Republic of Khakassia with the regional demographic development of the neighboring republics of Altai and Tyva, as well as Krasnoyarsk Krai against the background of Siberian and all-Russian trends for the period 1990-2020. A comparative analysis of the main indicators of population reproduction of these territories was carried out using the method of multi-regional demographic analysis of dynamic series based on Rosstat data. The conclusion is made about the decrease in the level of demographic security in recent years in the Republic of Khakassia, as well as the country as a whole, due first to a decrease in fertility, and then an increase in mortality against the background of the population ageing.