Home – Home – Jornals – Professional Education in the Modern World 2016 number 3

The article explores the relevant aspects of cultural policy in education. The author puts forward the idea about organization of educational process in the context of active integration of various sciences and personnel training in global studies considered as a new area of interdisciplinary knowledge. The paper shows fundamental difference between global studies and private sciences and raises a question of creation modern universities that can serve as an alternative to the faculties of intertet. The article makes grounds that these are intertets that can arrange education on the basis of interdisciplinary approach and international relations as this is the urgent task in the current globalization.

The article is devoted to such pedagogical problem as the organization of professional education of disabled children and children with disabilities. Pedagogical process is represented as a set of interrelated pedagogical situations at different levels on “qualitative” and “quantitative” scales. Pedagogical situations assume input, destination, and intermediate; they are formed on the basis of expert knowledge in each profession students are trained on. Application of the “quantitative” scales allows to optimize the learning process for a specific student by time and other parameters affecting the secured achievement of pedagogical goals. The results are compared with the results obtained in the classical system of education. The author finds out that students trained on the profession “Carpenter” reach pedagogical goals on building stable professional competencies.

The article explores the process of social personal adaptation. The research is aimed at structuring the process of social adaptation for further formation of general methodology of research and formation of the mechanism of its management in specific conditions. The authors pose that specific features of adaptation as special ontologic form of personal life are expressed in hetero ontologic character that assumes three parts: natural, psychological and social. The authors represent definition of social adaptation reviewed as a process of solving the contradiction that arises between personality and society and results in development and socialization by means of experience received. The authors highlight the main components of the structure of social adaptation process as follows: adaptation resources (adaptability), adaptive behavior and adjustment. The main criteria of adaptability are defined as cognitive, axio-cultural, communicative and behavioural ones. The paper outlines the strategies of adaptive behavior: active, passive and active and passive. It is shown that constructive vigorous adaptive activity always assumes personal growth and development through expansion and increase of level of search, informative activity, mobilization of all adaptive resources on a solution. The authors describe subjective and objective criteria of adjustment caused by adaptation process. The demarcation of concepts of adaptability, adaptive behavior and adjustment allows to avoid semantic confusion and substitution of concepts of research practice of scientists. Structuring of adaptation process allows applying new methodology and the new ways of the mechanism of precision management of social adaptation.

The article explores the integration between competency-based and activity approaches. The competency-based approach focuses not on the amount of information students learned, but the ability of graduates to adapt and be able to work independently in different (life, problem, professional, etc.) situations and solve problems on the basis of knowledge received. Thus, competency-based approach enhances the practical learning component that contributes to lifelong learning and self-education. This means that competency-based approach is not only contrary to the activity one, but they are combined together. The article discusses theoretical issues of the main aspects of the concept of P. Ia. Galperin and I. A. Zimniaia. The paper describes the experience of building a subject on the basis of the theory of stage formation of mental actions with regard to the competences suggested by I. A. Zimniaia. The developed course “Psychology” contributes to mastering the skills of constructive communication in professional activities, skills of personal and professional self-development and self-fulfillment in the society, that is when students make their own scheme of solving the questions of their own psychological welfare. The article reveals the author's point of view in regards of building informational, communicative and personal competences of learning from the point of view of integration between activity and competency-based approaches. These competencies are considered as guidelines for students and help them to be involved in academic and research activity. Learning becomes effective because a student shows own attitude to study, deliberately demonstrating the limits of his or her competence; he sets goals and constantly sees the results of his work.

The article reveals the problem of further training that relate to the necessity to introduce further training system into the educational process. The author outlines the importance of legislation and regulations in concern of educational programmes that contribute to the students’ personal potential and its role in progress and success of professional activity. The problem of personal potential deals with new requirements to the personality, personal inner reserves when implementing personnel policies in frames of contemporary development model of career making space. The article analyzes research, publications and articles in the field of lifelong learning and highlights the main objectives of further training system: permanent formation, stimulation and relevance of professional skills and retraining of personnel; market saturation with professionals of a high cultural level and expertise; conformation of the staff to the world level; development of professional education of smart and intellectual potential of society and development of personal creativity. The article outlines the significance of issues of further training related to the development of specific regulations in the area of further training; further training institutions and institutions of professional education that correspond to specific educational level; development of effective mechanisms for accreditation of further training institutions that implement programmes of professional retraining; the right of people for lifelong learning; creation of efficient state support aimed at staff training and retraining at the national and regional levels; arrangement of institutions’ activity in accordance with labour market requirements and industrial development; application of state educational standards in the system of further training. This topic is relevant and interesting for investigation. Personal potential causes improvement of further training system as it is one of the most important conditions of its development.

The article is devoted to the development of further training programs on the basis of professional standards. The author represents the general characteristic of a professional standard and highlights its application. The paper explores development of further training programs on the basis of acts and regulations, and specifies regulations and acts that control application of the standards in specific cases (including education). The author investigates the processes of interaction among educational institutions, employers and the professional community. The paper describes the main problems of application of professional standards in the development of educational programs. The author highlights such difficulties as lack of general conceptual apparatus, formation of highly specialized programs for core activities and qualification level of employees. Another important problem is a lot of the formation of specific knowledge and skills corresponding to the requirements of professional standards, taking into account individual training specialist. The paper puts forward a question of the level of qualification of teachers at the relevant professional standards in the sphere of further training. In conclusion, the author notes that the process of development of educational programs exists; it is regulated, but under the new conditions must be adapted to the requirements for standards. The author makes a case that it should be a close interaction between educational institutions and enterprises in terms of development of the content of training programs and acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities.

The article outlines that creative process can be consistent, simultaneous, parallel or indirect. This process requires two conditions: personal demand for creativity and implementation where axiomatic component assumes needs and possibilities for creativity. Axiomatic method proves that effect produced by fulfilment of creative potential can contribute to implementation of personal potential in case of creative attitude to further training. The article reveals the sources and reasons of appearance of creative abilities through further training. The article specifies the order of reviews for creative implementation of abilities where creative process is the core. Creative process assumes the demand of a person for being involved in creative activity, as many technical, material, social and other opportunities are available. The author explores the nature of educational culture of further training in creativity by means of interaction with Vista culture as it reveals the development and changes in further training socialization in Vista retrospective. The article shows that relations that make changes in a person are regarded as recognition and change of possibilities for personal self-fulfillment in creativity in all spheres of life, i.e. social, conceptual, spiritual and material. It is efficient to apply all the possibilities for fulfillment of creative personal abilities by means of creative attitude to further training.

Nowadays, theoretical and applied research is devoted to various problems education. The issues of challenging education are highlighted at regional and national levels. The Government of Russian Federation focuses on raising the general quality of training. Design-education is a new pedagogical area that attracts attention by means of national promotion in direction of system modernization of socio-cultural and economic areas. Theoretical and methodological basis of research combines proceedings of national researchers that cover professional activity of designers and reveal the specific features of design-education. The author refers to the modern research and legal acts that regulate professional activity of designers. The article focuses on such methods of scientific knowledge as analysis, generalization, comparative analysis and forecasting. The research is aimed at investigation of possibilities to raise the level of expertise and responsibility of designer by means of specific legal knowledge. In order to achieve this goal, the author has analyzed the main problems of design-training and revealed the outlooks of educational process and conditions that contribute to students’ achievement of high professional level. The paper outlines the necessity to develop legal culture by means of introducing special curriculum and development of specialized textbook. These measures conform to the modern requirements; they are directed to training of highly-qualified designers who obtain sufficient legal knowledge and able to compete in professional environment to modern requirements and aims to prepare highly specialist designers with a sufficient level of legal knowledge, the ability to successfully exist in a professional environment.

The article is devoted to the questions of building motivation and its role in the process of foreign language teaching as a central problem of teaching methods. The motivation is the means causing purposeful activity, interest of the student in knowledge acquisition. The motivation is a system of the inducing impulses directing educational activity in case of positive installation of the teacher, on deeper learning of foreign language, its improvement and aspiration to develop requirements of knowledge of foreign-language speech activity. The motivational aspect has crucial importance as well for activization of all psychological processes - thinking, perception, understanding and digestion of foreign-language material. The article describes the main types of motivation and teaching methods, causing its increase. It is possible to distinguish from objectively existing types of motivation internal and external. The external motives caused by circumstances can strengthen internal motivation, but they haven't a direct bearing on the contents and process of training. According to psychological researches of motivation and interest when training a foreign language of effort of the teacher have to be aimed at the development of internal motivation of students which proceeds from the activity and possesses the greatest incentive force. The article also shows the role of the teacher in the educational process in terms of philosophy, as an element of semantic triangle G. Frege in pedagogical interpretation of the “teacher-student-lesson”. In this context, the task of the teacher is to create conditions, which are responsible for maintaining interest in the subject. The teacher acts not as the simple observer as how the motivational sphere of students develops, he stimulates its development by system of psychologically thought over receptions.

The article deals with the educational aspect оf teaching and learning a foreign language at higher educational institutions. The author highlights that didactically correct selection of educational material in a foreign language, application of effective technologies of training and education, effective combination of classroom and extracurricular activities of students during the process of learning foreign languages contribute to the formation of personality proficient in foreign language and active citizen. The paper describes arrangement of seminars for teachers with application of interactive learning technologies, problem and research forms and methods used to enhance the development of cognitive motives and interests of students, formation of their civil position and the conditions for creativity in education. The author explores the requirements to the application of project method and project characteristics, which determine the success and efficiency of project method. The paper outlines the relevance of creating a unified system of classroom and extracurricular activities for foreign language.

The paper considers the methods of teaching foreign languages at universities in the situation of academic mobility and academic exchange. According to the authors, teaching a foreign language in groups of foreign students enrolled in programs and contracts within the framework of international academic exchange has certain specificity. The teacher needs to be ready for training strategy used in the so-called monolingual groups. The authors outline that the success of a language teacher in a monolingual group is directly related to the correct construction of communicative space and professionally correct implementation of active, student-centered methods. It is possible to consider the implementation of the general strategy of foreign language teaching both in terms of adaptation of traditional formats of tasks, and in the application of active learning techniques. It is obvious that in the conditions of monolingual groups, such traditional tasks for a foreign language class, as translation, must be replaced by another way of checking comprehension. The teacher is bound to know the methods of verification of written or oral reproduction of the logical text content in a foreign language. Important factors related to teaching a foreign language in monolingual group is the emphasis on active, student-centered learning strategy. The authors emphasize the relationship of this strategy with classification of levels of thinking, known as Bloom's taxonomy. This classification is the basis of the Case technology discussed in the article. Application of Case technologies in monolingual groups helps foreign students follow the steps of developing thinking skills relying only on learning a foreign language as a communicative framework. Thus, the use of adapted to monolingual groups techniques demands a competent, creative approach to the formation of competences on the “foreign language” discipline, which is a must of the programs of international academic exchange.

The article raises the question about specific features in cognitive structures of students who focus on Technical and Humanities majors. The paper outlines the specific role of psychological and pedagogical subjects in solving the tasks aimed at intellectual education. The topic is relevant in the view of psychology of personal constructs developed by J.Kelly. The research material was obtained by means of application repertoire lattice of Kelly where the elements assume the role list and elements differentiation - personality constructs by means of triads method. The article analyzes the data obtained on two groups of students of Humanities majors and Technical ones. The author reveals specific features of constructs differentiation and their relation with each other. The paper outlines the necessity to consider students’ selective perception and conceptual lean as they are influenced by their former life experience.

The paper shows the results of theoretical grounds in concern of the nature of “social competence” concept as an integrated personal quality that is revealed in the ability to cooperate with other people solving professional problems and factor of success in future professional activity. The authors reviewed the students’ opinion and on its basis they represent the concept “professional success” as they consider it as a condition for personal self-fulfillment of a professional. The article shows the role of elective subject “Social competence as a factor of successful professional self-fulfillment” in acmeological culture of prospective specialists. This course is taught at the Faculty of Information and Industrial Technologies under vocational programmes of Sholom Aleichem Amur State University. The authors render the interaction between a teacher and a student as acmeological support in building of social expertise of vocational students.

Federal Law № 273 “On education in the Russian Federation” endorsed on December 29, 2013 and its Article 76 allows enhancing the rights of further training. Being implemented, this Act shows tendency to enhance non-reliance and development of further training at educational institutions that build professional qualities of civil servants on the high level. This legal accretion of power in the field of further training of civil servants gives educational institutions possibility to build their own educational strategy and transfer to module teaching. This considers not only the nature of public administration but regional specific features of their activities as well. When developing the module programmes, it is necessary to be aimed at the result that assumes obtaining knowledge, skills and new expertise in concrete area of professional activity. This kind of training raises an important problem related to formation of new “transformation” abilities to transfer the knowledge, skills and expertise received earlier to unknown objects and situations where civil servants take important managerial decisions influencing socio-economic environment. The main goal of this training is to develop professional qualities of civil servants when they have further training courses at educational institutions. The other important task is to increase the level of teaching staff mobility. The paper make a case about the relevance of building regional bank of teaching staff data, development of independent certification centres of further training modular programmes and independent centres of civil servants assessment. The teaching staff must have good experience and expertise in the field of public administration.

The system of reforming of penitentiary bodies imposes new requirements to training of specialists for penal institutions. In these conditions the higher education structure should pay special attention to value orientations of a profession which in many respects is based on the principle of humanity. The paper analyses the educational environment of university sponsored by the Federal Service for the Execution of Sanctions of Russia and takes into account an axiological paradigm. The features of professional activity, which are based on the value sphere of the educational institution, determine the axiologiness of professional training of prospective experts for the penalty system. The educational environment of the educational institution is reviewed by three interconnected components: cognitive, emotional, active, and practical. During their educational and professionally oriented practice, the cadets acquire such values of the profession as the educational, normative, stimulating values, and values of control and result. The researcher puts special stress on the special place of the education value among professional values. It is revealed in respect to the employee of the Penitentiary System as well as to the convicts. The author makes conclusion about the necessity to develop cadets’ professional and value orientations, as it is a leading criterion of employees’ professionalism at the Penitentiary System. The author’s conclusion is based on theoretical analysis of the axiological aspects of the educational environment of the university sponsored by the Federal Service for the Execution of Sanctions of Russia.

The article analyzes various leading paradigm of psychological theory of personal adaptation. The authors consider adaptation by means of integrative approach in psychology. Everything in nature has a unified and holistic origin and this constitutes a hierarchy in which each element is “whole” in relation to the parts and “part” in relation to the bigger one. Therefore, personal adaptability is considered in the research as an integrative feature of cadets in the military academies.

The article solves the problem of combination of interpretation, which is rendered as explication of constituted sense and analysis as description of constituting sense. The problem raises from the view that text is regarded separately from the personality of interpreter. Therefore, we can consider the general rendering of a text as an object, which has strict sense. The author sees solution of the problem as rendering of a text as inseparable from reader’s personality in the “text” and analysis the deep layer of interpretation. Philosophical interpretation of text reveals the unity of all levels of interpretation and defines the hierarchy of these levels. It correlated all the experience of the text with human existence. Breaking of hierarchy of interpretation levels leads to deformation of reader’s understanding and changes in the sense. If we speak about changes in sense in the textbook on Physics, then it doesn’t result in perversion of the truth whereas it concerns Philosophy, then broken thinking of the author leads to perversion of the truth.

The research explores the specific features of China image in the Western culture. The authors applied information approach, comparative methods with main focus on cross-cultural and comparatively historical methods, hermeneutic methods and discourse method. The authors applied discourse method as a method for information gathering, its analysis and data representation. China’s image has been formed for centuries. The image of China that has been formed in mass consciousness differs from the image formed in academic society of West. It is possible to highlight 3 periods in image formation of China. The first period reflects explanation of Western expansion. The second period reviews post-industrial development of capitalistic system. The third period relates to China joining of global community and becoming one of the globalizations subjects. Medieval China was unusual and exotic; in XVIII century, Europe admired China as a Utopia (Ideal Country); the mass culture of second half of XIX and XX century used marginal practices for building the image of China. Currently, there are several channels that form the image of China abroad: political journalism in the mass media, Chinese studies as a research channel, mass culture, art and Chinese expatriate community abroad. China has lately been trying to pose itself in the internal and external global space. The main goal of China new image formation involves transfer of cultural values to the western population while retaining and strengthening them in the Chinese environment in order to prevent westernization of the Chinese culture. The authors come to conclusion that the major principles of forming the image of China are typical not only for China; primarily, they are defined by the principles of interaction between the West and their partners.

Dynamics of the world social development and accelerated socio-economic progress affect material and spiritual lives of the government and each person and puts forward a problem of lifelong learning. No matter what sphere is considered, what aspects of education and upbringing of a person are taken into account, the necessity to realize what formula should be followed “education for life” or “education through the life” appears. This necessity is revealed in expressing the opinion about the aspect of education as continuity when common social and cultural goals and their implementation are kept or changed. The core of educational policy is target strategic promotion in solving socio-cultural, financial and economic and managerial problems on the basis of rapid education.

The relevance of socio-philosophical features of the global world of information management is explained by the formation of new characteristics of social evolution. Due to expansion of global processes, we can observe the transfer of society to new system stage that poses the problems related to management as significant ones. Information culture of society is targeted at computers that is the important factor that makes modern system of management. The problem is that internet changes significantly the conditions for development of power, money, right and knowledge, which are the main sources of national management. Information management of the global world becomes relevant and necessary condition for realization of social structure that defines specific features of practical changes of social relations. Informatization is a strong source of various processes in social development therefore informatization keeps strategical relevance in civilization development. It means that development of new social and energy technologies, science, education and culture have prior position. This is a fundamental feature of social informatization; it explains its specific role in civilization development; it puts forward civilization development in national and international policies. The globalization of new computer information environment of the world society and its expansion in all countries and regions is a new wave in modern information revolution.

The article explores the military progress as an essential component of social progress. This investigation includes a whole range of modern relevant as war, peace, peaceful coexistence, especially in science and technical progress. The analysis of the various concepts of military progress makes favorable conditions for lighting features modern global-regional world order, which has many conflicts. The study of military progress is relevant due to the fact that western world order, which poses itself as a unipolar world, shows its invalidity. The structure of military threats implies a certain level of military progress, which is considered as development of relations between societies on the principles of unity of the world and the relationship of phenomena. Military progress in the modern world order loses its traditional form, it is modified and gains new features by means of ambiguous concepts such as transhumanism, cyber war, that threaten the very nature of a man, posing new challenges for researchers and experts. There is a relation between enhancement of military threats and the nature of military progress: the military threats should correspond to the military progress. This prevents the armed conflict.

This article is a continuation of an article posted in the previous issue of the journal. Article is given in the author's edition.

The article represents an expert view about current situation in concern of vocational training in Russia. The author reviews theoretical and practical aspects that allows to evaluate their condition and to define the ways of blue-collar workers training in the system of vocational training. The paper shows detailed guidance on fulfillment of the priorities of the development of vocational training in Russia. The author reveals the basic contradictions in the legislation and regulations concerning the systems of vocational training. The paper highlights the negative impact for vocational training system caused by abolition of initial vocational training according to the Federal Law “On education in Russian Federation”.