Home – Home – Jornals – Chemistry for Sustainable Development 2019 number 5

A local spectral analysis of multicomponent semiconductor nanostructures was performed based on the giant Raman scattering by semiconductor nanostructures on the surface of an array of Au nanoclusters near the metallized needle of an atomic force microscope. In the gap between the metal nanoclusters and the needle, where a semiconductor nanostructure is located, there is a strong increase in the local electric field (hot spot), resulting in a dramatic amplification of the Raman scattering signal. Unprecedented amplification of the Raman scattering signal by two-dimensional (over 10⁸ for MoS₂) and zero-dimensional (10⁶ for CdSe nanocrystals) semiconductor nanostructures was achieved. The use of the method for mapping the Raman scattering of a multicomponent system of MoS₂ and CdSe made it possible to identify components with a spatial resolution far exceeding the diffraction limit

A method is proposed for determining the orientation of phospholipide molecules in planar structures from spectra of non-polarized Raman scattering. The method is based on the sensitivity of the intensity of lines of Raman scattering on oscillations of CH₂ groups to the orientation of phospholipide molecules. The validity of the method is illustrated on a planar specimen of a saturated phospholipide prepared by drying from a solution. It is demonstrated that it is convenient to use the method of principal components to analyze the spatial distribution of molecule orientations in the specimen

The paper presents the results of calculation and growth of AlGaN/AlN heteroepitaxial structures with Bragg mirrors for the blue-green spectral range corresponding to the maximum broadband luminescence of the AlGaN:Si layers by molecular beam epitaxy from ammonia. Structures with an active AlGaN: Si region located on one lower Bragg mirror for a wavelength of 510 nm and between two Bragg mirrors for a wavelength of 510 nm were grown. For both heteroepitaxial structures, selection of the radiation of the active layer in the given spectral range by the lower Bragg mirrors was demonstrated. It is shown that a large total thickness of the heterostructure with two Bragg mirrors leads to cracks and macroscopic defects on the surface of the heteroepitaxial structure

The absorption spectral characteristics of silicon dioxide films in the IR range (λ =8-14 mu m) were studied to determine the optimal absorber thickness in the matrix structure of Golay microcells in order to design highly sensitive IR radiation detectors. It is shown that the absorption spectrum of SiO₂ films deposited by electron-beam evaporation has a multipeak structure in the thickness range up to 2 mkm and differs from the known absorption spectra of bulk silicon dioxide, which is apparently due to rearrangements in the film stoichiometry at the initial stages of film formation. Experiments have shown that the integrated absorption in deposited films in a given spectral range is close to a linear dependence on thickness and an order of magnitude smaller than the value obtained by calculation based on literature data for bulk SiO₂

This paper presents the results of the development and testing of a complex for studying the operating modes of CCD sensors. The purpose of the study is to verify the performance of these matrices as part of a gated-viewing system without using an image intensifier or other external high-speed gate in its design. The complex allows one to control a commercial CCD sensor by an undocumented method using signals of arbitrary shape, synchronize its operation with a laser emitter, receive and digitally process an image and transfer it to external devices. Conducted experiments on various CCD sensors have shown that the possibility of designing a gated-viewing surveillance system based on an interline transfer CCD sensor without using an image intensifier and the possibility of practical application of such a system

Charge carrier diffusion is simulated by the Monte Carlo method in a photosensitive film of cadmium - mercury - tellurium (CMT) based infrared photodetectors for determining the spatial resolution of these photodetectors. Calculation results for matrix and linear photodetectors with differently designed matrix photoelements, including configurations with isolating diodes, are given. The calculated data are compared with experimentally measured resolutions of real photodetectors

This paper presents finite-element mathematical models for the real and simplified telescope lenses of the Lira-B space experiment. The results of calculation of the mechanics of the lens upon exposure to various external loads, both static and dynamic, are given. The calculations were performed using the ANSYS software package. Three methods for determining the characteristics of lightweight structures of the lens parts, two of which are used in the calculations, are described. Comparison of the results obtained using the real and simplified (reduced) models indicates that the simplified model can be used for initial estimates. Moreover, using this model with reduced characteristics, it is easier to develop and generate a finite element mesh, and it requires significantly shorter computational time

A method is proposed for solving inverse problems characterized by a set of parameters, which uses a system of singular integral equations connecting the boundary values of stress and displacement components and excluding regularization. The calculation involves specifying the static, kinematic and dynamic aspects and adapting them to the conditions of mining a specific seam. The static aspect is understood as the classical calculation of the stress-strain state in the vicinity of mine opening, the kinematic one accounts for the dead weight of rocks, and the dynamic one considers the process of mining the seam and damage accumulation in enclosing rocks.

A set of geomechanical studies was carried out to justify the angles of stable slopes of the Dzhetygarinsky open-pit mine, including testing the physico-mechanical properties of rocks, studying the structure of adjacent rock mass, determining the values of mining rock mass rating (MRMR) and zoning the open-pit surface according to Professor Laubscher’s classification. The values of slope angles of open-pit benches have been recommended and measures developed to ensure their stability. The factors affecting the adjacent rock mass most negatively were identified in classifying the rocks of open-pit mine surface. It was found that the effect of certain factors can be significantly reduced, which will increase the values of wall control angles while maintaining the proper degree of mining safety.

Synchronized acoustic emission and strain measurements were carried out in rock salt samples subjected simultaneously to different levels of uniaxial mechanical and incrementally increasing temperature effects. Methodological and hardware support of such measurements is described. Experimental dependences are obtained, which reflect changes in shear strains and acoustic emission activity of samples as functions of time and temperature for various axial stresses. As the stresses increase, rock salt transits to the stage of progressive creep at lower temperatures. The transition to each subsequent stage of the temperature effect is accompanied by an increase in the steepness of shear strains and activity-average acoustic emission. The patterns of changes in these parameters at the stages of steady and progressive creep of rock salt are analyzed. The advantages of using acoustic emission measurements to predict rock salt failure due to progressive creep, as well as their importance for solving the problem on estimating salt rocks properties in real thermobaric conditions for the construction and operation of underground gas storages are noted.

The problem of determining the stress-strain state in the vicinity of an opening with an arbitrary shape using the measurements of the Cauchy stress vector and displacement vector has been solved. The states of elasticity, plasticity, and overlimiting deformation are considered. The obtained results allow to determine rapidly the resource capabilities of rock mass resistance to failure on the contour both in a buried opening and in opencast mining.

The interaction of an open pipe with an internal soil plug according to the Coulomb's law of dry friction is investigated. Various soil and pipe models are considered. For all models, finite-difference solutions were obtained, for some-analytical solutions describing the process of elastic interaction of a pipe and a plug. Good agreement between numerical and analytical solutions is shown. The results of numerical calculations for various models are compared and the applicability limits of the models are determined. The effect of Coulomb dry friction on the process of pipe and plug movement was studied.

The preparation mechanism for gas-dynamic failure of outburst-hazardous coal band during an explosive effect on a coal seam is considered. The conditions for crack formation in the zone farthest from the blast hole were studied, as well as modeling of induced cracks filling with methane, which was initially in coal in a dissolved state, and estimation of the time of crack development start due to the pressure of free methane. It has been established that, depending on the mechanical and diffusion parameters of coal, the start time for crack development can vary from tens of seconds to many hours. The study results will be useful in developing a theory of explosive effect on a coal seam in a set of measures to reduce the risk of sudden outbursts of coal and gas.

A model of the longitudinal collision of rods with nonparallel impact ends proposed by V. B. Sokolinskiy, in which the contact characteristic is described by a quadratic dependence, is considered. Longitudinal stresses in rods correspond to experimental data only at the angles of misalignment of impact ends less than 0.5°. At angles greater than 1°, the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental results reaches 20%. The obtained values of the moment at the ends of the rods do not correspond to the experiment. A model is proposed, where the stress distribution along the radius of the contact surface of the rods obeys a linear law. The dependence of contact forces and the moment at ends of the rods on the angle of misalignment of impact ends and their local contact deformations is obtained. The changes in longitudinal stresses in the rods with time are determined. This model gives results closer to the experiment in comparison with V. B. Sokolinskiy’s model and can be used to estimate the maximum allowable angles of misalignment of the ends when designing and operating percussion systems of drilling and breaking machines.

The purpose of this paper was to observe the generation, development, and extent impact of rock fissures under the blasting process; the failure process of rock under the gases expansion pressure. The latest high-speed camera, producing about 30000 frames per second (each grid was 32 μs, and exposure time 4 μs), was used to capture the failure process of rock in blasting concrete specimens. The types of cracks and the rate of extended development in a quantitative way were recorded for observation, analysis, and verification of the failure mechanism of induced by blasting. The results showed that the gas expansion rate after blasting reached the maximum of about 200 μs and then gradually attenuated. As to the development rate of the fragmentation of rock after blasting, it reached the maximum of about 130 μs, and the attenuation of then became gradual. It is concluded that high-speed photography provides meaningful scientific basis for study of the detonation theory of explosives, rock blasting fracture mechanism, analysis of blast effects, etc. Further improvement and research can be done on the control of the synchronous operation of blasting and photography, and the three-dimensional spatial analysis of the rock blasting process.

The geomechanical conditions of the mined and commissioned ore deposits are determined and systematized based on their typification according to geological and structural features, which are characterized by a commonality of the patterns of stress distribution in an undisturbed rock mass. The area and maximum depth of application of certain geotechnologies in the framework of implementing the geomechanical models of the geological environment are established.

New methods and technical solutions have been developed to intensify the degassing of coal seams based on fixed bridges and formation of impenetrable protective screens in the vicinity of a mine opening. The features of applying local hydraulic fracturing to measure the stresses acting in a rock mass are investigated. Prototypes of devices for the equipment delivery along the horizontal section of the formation hole and implementation of transverse hydraulic fracturing due to the tangential load applied near the isolated interval have been created.

The article presents one of the possibilities of using a bucket wheel excavator technology (with a daily capacity of over 100000 m³) when removing an overburden on the stabilised front in the opencast lignite mine. The influence of excavator manoeuvring movements on the choice of parameters of operational floors is discussed. The assessment of the efficiency of the work process was made, among other things, while maintaining the required safety conditions and geometric parameters of the working front. It has been shown that in the bucket wheel excavator’s over-elevation work with variable variants of vertical and horizontal division (for a given floor height), the length of manoeuvring roads on the operational front is more favourable than the working technology of the entire height of the floor.

A salt block is a regular prism of rock salt containing least undesirable cracks which is mainly used for carving artifacts especiallysalt lamps, tiles and other products. This research work is focused on the comparison of three common and simple dimension stone quarrying techniques including wedges and feathers, expansive cement, and controlled blasting methods for the extraction of rock salt block. The selected techniques were applied at the underground working face of Khewra Salt Mines (Punjab, Pakistan) to extract representative blocks in accordance with a predefined field experimental program. In order to find out the most suitable block extraction technique in terms of the quality of excavated salt blocks, physical and mechanical rock property tests were performed comprising of core recovery, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, dynamic Young’s modulus, quality and P-wave velocity. This paper statistically confirms that the rock salt blocks excavated by using wedges and feathers method have higher quality in comparison to the blocks obtained by expansive cement and controlled blasting techniques. Further the results of overall technique wise comparison are also discussed.

The stability of convective air motion in mine shafts after turning off the draft source was investigated. Based on numerical simulation, it was found that the mine ventilation with natural draft was violated by the formation of air vortices extended along the shaft depth. The transverse profiles of motion speed and air temperature were determined in approximation of a plane-parallel laminar flow of an incompressible medium with a vertical temperature gradient in the gravity field. Analytical calculations of the stability of the found flow to plane long-wave perturbations were carried out, as a result of which the value of critical Rayleigh parameter was obtained. A correction to the coefficient of air volume expansion was simulated, allowing to consider the hydrostatic compressibility of air. The dependence of the critical value of air temperature vertical gradient in the shaft was calculated, the excess of which leads to the formation of convective vortices and violation of through ventilation.

Using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, analytical scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the influence of preliminary energy effects on transformations of eudialyte concentrate base minerals during nitric acid leaching, their micromorphology, and phase composition of the surface was studied. It was established that preliminary mechanical activation of the concentrate provides a 34-45% increase in the extraction of zirconium and the amount of rare-earth metal oxides into pregnant solution. Electrochemical treatment of mineral suspension during nitric acid leaching and, to a greater extent, ultrasonic effects contribute to an additional increase in the extraction of these elements into pregnant solution by 12-23% due to the cleaning of mineral grain surface from amorphous phases and formation of structural inhomogeneities.

A bulk coal sample from the Erkovetsky deposit was studied at Amur experimental and engineering complex. Separate fractions of coal combustion products (slag, fly ash and sludge) were obtained for the first time, in which the morphology, fineness of gold and the composition of inclusions were studied. A consistent decrease in gold size and content was established after coal combustion, transportation in a gas-smoke stream, and subsequent condensation. A comparative analysis of gold in the combustion products of coal and in ore bodies of the fold-mountain framing of the Zeya-Bureinsky basin was carried out, the ways of its migration to peat bogs were considered.

The study results of gold leaching using the samples of humic acids, as well as stage-by-stage fractionation of the initial and gold-containing samples of these acids are presented. The gold content in the product solution was up to 14-30 mg/l. Сhemical analysis of the supernatant obtained by a stage change in pH of the solution and subsequent centrifugation determined that gold-bearing acids contain both organic and dissolved gold, which is stable to precipitation at pH 2. Fractionation of the initial humic acids and subsequent leaching of gold by its individual fractions slows down the dissolution kinetics, and the fractions distinguished at different pH vary significantly in their activity. The most active is the fraction obtained by centrifugation at pH 4.6. The spectrum is presented and the kinetics of gold dissolution by these acids modified by the cyanide complex is shown.

Moroccan Mining Company of Guemassa (MCG) produces from a complex sulphide ore three concentrates using Aerophine 3418A in the flotation circuits of galena and chalcopyrite and potassium amyl xanthate for sphalerite recovery. Water scarcity in the flotation plant area imposes to think of reducing fresh water use by recycling the tailing water process. Substitution of PAX by Aerophine 3418A in the zinc circuit will result in a tailing water process containing one kind of collector which could be easily controlled and recycled in the overall MCG plant.Optimizing and modeling study using experimental design methodology showed that the targeted substitution of PAX in MCG plant is possible: at flotation time of 5 min; 40 g/t of collector; 200 g/t of CuSO₄ and pH of 12, Aerophine 3418A is more selective toward Fe than PAX. Zinc recovery reached 72% when flotation time was extended to 15 minutes.

The moisture-retaining properties of rocks in the massif are considered at ascending capillary leaching. The dependences of the moisture capacity of disperse material of flotation concentration tailings at ascending motion of solutions are found. The dependence of the specific moisture capacity and specific moisture-yielding ability of finely dispersed material at water, pH-neutral and capillary filtration on the grain size and level of feeding aqueous solutions to the massif is revealed. Based on a laboratory experiment, the specific parameters of capillary ascending filtration for the tailing pond are calculated with regard to moisture-capacity properties of the massif.

The processability of industrial waste of the Yaroslavl mining company was studied. The features of processing characteristics of secondary raw materials were estimated. The methods to eliminate the negative effects caused by residues of primary processing reagents and new formations on mineral particles were considered. The effectiveness of ultrasonic slurry treatment aimed at updating the surface of mineral particles and desorption of surface coatings is shown. Experimental data are presented that indicate an increase in the selectivity of fluorite and calcite separation from the head operations of flow chart. A comparative analysis of the flotation kinetics using the standard model and the flow chart with ultrasonic slurry pretreatment indicates an increase in the process speed with a simultaneous selectivity growth. It was found that extraction of fluorite to concentrates with 93.48% of CaF₂ and the use of ultrasonic treatment of flotation feed reaches 60.27-64.43%, and with 95.67% of CaF₂-49.82%.

The software and hardware tools for the instrumental estimation and control of the geomechanical state of engineering structures are presented. A description of the proposed technique for measuring radial and longitudinal displacements of check borehole contour is given. A research methodology and interpretation of experimental data with analysis and control of the stress-strain state of engineering structures are proposed. The results of testing the developed software and hardware in the conditions of industrial enterprises are presented.

The possibility of obtaining a polydisperse porous material from the birch bark bast with subsequent separation into an enterosorbent and a porous substrate is demonstrated. A technological scheme is developed for processing birch bark bast, which allows one to obtain polydisperse porous material with the yield of 43.5 %. It is proposed to use the fraction of the size less than 0.25 mm as an enterosorbent, and the fraction of 0.25-1.0 mm as a porous substrate to obtain biocomposite fertilizers. It was established that the enterosorbent from birch bast is not inferior in its properties to the industrial enterosorbent "Polyphepan" from hydrolytic lignin. It is shown that, on the basis of the porous substrate, it is possible to obtain a complex biocomposite fertilizer with a growth-promoting effect and increased resistance to the washing out of active components by water. Slow leaching of macro- and microelements from the fertilizer determines the effect of its prolonged action. Thus obtained fertilizer is superior in its resistance to leaching of phosphates and potassium to the industrial granular fertilizer brand "Kemira Universal-2". Taking into account the particle size, lignin content and swelling ability, the porous substrate can also be used as a structuring additive in the soil. To obtain porous materials from the birch bark bast for various purposes, the enlarged plant is proposed, which allows processing up to 12 kg of the raw material in one technological cycle.

Results of the field studies of the snow cover composition around dumps and a highway of the Gorlovka coal deposit are presented. The prevailing element in technogenic dust is carbon. The concentrations of almost all the elements in the dissolved and suspended parts of the snow cover exceed background values. The migration ability of the elements in snow samples collected near the dump and near the highway are similar. However, the distribution coefficients of the elements in snow samples from the highway region are lower, which is the evidence of their transfer in more mobile forms here. The influence of the Gorlovka anthracitic deposit on the surface layer of the atmosphere extends to more than 1000 m. At the same time, the highway along which the extracted coal is transported has a stronger influence on the state of the atmosphere than the dump for overburden and host rocks. The shielding effect of forests located along the road is shown.

A limited life span of endoprostheses in the absence of other complications is explained by the aseptic implant instability arising and developing as a result of insufficient osteointegration. The surface of implants made of the VT-6 alloy was treated to form calcium phosphate coatings including those containing germanium (0.4 and 2.5 mass %), for the purpose of carrying out a comparative analysis of the response of an organism. The surface of the resulting coatings was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was established that the introduction of germanium has a substantial effect on the surface morphology of the coatings. It was shown with the help of the light microscopy of histological sections that osteointegration processes are most intense with the group of implants containing germanium at a level of 2.5 mass % in the calcium phosphate coating.

One of the main requirements for tantalum oxide semiconductor capacitors is the reduction of the equivalent series resistance (EPS), the value of which is directly related to the electrical conductivity of the semiconductor manganese dioxide layer formed on the surface of the tantalum electrode. Analysis of the current state of the production of electrolytic capacitors in Russia showed that the industry survives a steady trend towards an increase in switching frequencies from 10 to 100 kHz and higher, necessitating a reduction in the EPS of the finished capacitor. At the same time, manufactured products do not have the necessary characteristics for operation at higher frequencies. Existing technology solutions do not provide the production of high-quality capacitors, since they are multistage, energy-intensive and require continuous improvement. This paper deals with the search for ways to improve the electrical characteristics of a manganese dioxide cathode coating on tantalum oxide semiconductor capacitors. A theoretical analysis of the literature was conducted in order to determine the probable causes of the increased equivalent series resistance of a capacitor. The properties of factory-made tantalum oxide semiconductor capacitors were investigated by means of X-ray phase and photomicroscopic analysis; their electrical parameters were determined. It was shown that an increase in the equivalent series resistance of capacitors is due to the presence of an impurity of high-resistance manganese oxide (III) in the composition of the cathode coating based on manganese dioxide. It was established that manganese oxide (III) contaminates the impregnating solution of manganese nitrate, from which the cathode coating on tantalum bulk-porous anodes is obtained by thermal decomposition. To reduce the EPS of the finished capacitor, a method is developed for removing manganese oxide (III) from the semiconductor coating by cleaning the precursor, manganese nitrate, and modifying the surface of the cathode coating with oxidizing agents. The proposed method can be recommended for practical implementation in the production of tantalum oxide semiconductor capacitors, which will improve the electrical characteristics by reducing the equivalent series resistance of finished products.

The changes in the composition of the residual fractions and the structure of the asphaltene molecules during the primary processing of heavy oil are investigated. It was established that the atmospheric-vacuum distillation of heavy oil is accompanied by the formation of additional resin-asphaltene substances (more than 20 mass %). The initiation of chemical reactions between oil components occurs at the stage of fuel oil production due to the destruction of mainly sulphur-containing fragments in asphaltene molecules. It was shown that during tar production, the destruction and elimination of asphaltene-saturated fragments occur with a decrease in the content of naphthenic and paraffinic carbon by 5.5 and 1.7 %, respectively. Recombination reactions between the resulting macroradicals of asphaltene molecules contribute to an increase in their aromaticity factor by 7.2 % and the average molecular mass by 190 Da. Collection of the fraction 350-450 °C leads to a decrease in the average molecular mass of asphaltenes by 425 Da with an insignificant redistribution of carbon in various structural fragments.

Processes occurring in the dumps of sulphide-bearing rocks had drawn the researchers' attention for a long time. Environmental hazards connected with the activity of mining industry facilities under the conditions of climate change can be estimated by modeling. Modeling was performed in the water-rock-atmosphere systems (software suite Selector), where rock is an average mineral composition of rocks from the Allarechensky Deposit Dumps of copper-nickel ores. The conditions for the carryover of different components during weathering of rocks in the dump were determined, and the effect of climatic factors on the formation of new phases was evaluated. It was demonstrated that abrupt temperature changes promote rock weathering. In addition to copper and nickel, potassium and aluminium will pass into solution during the cold period. Gibbsite and aluminium silicates will be formed during the warm period. Comparison of modeling results with field studies revealed the adequacy of the model and high degree of the interaction of rocks and atmospheric precipitation in the dumps. Evaporation gives rise to more acid solutions, increased transfer of nickel, copper, iron and sulphates into solutions. The basic premise is that the destruction of wastes mineral matrix occurs practically all the year round under the regional climatic conditions, due to the formation of highly mineralized solutions inside the dump body and on its surface. Atmospheric precipitation, filtered through rock fragments with high sulphide content, affects the hydrosphere causing an increase in the concentration of all the major ions (Clˉ, SO₄²ˉ, HCO₃ˉ, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) by a factor of several units, compared to pure natural waters.

The effect of ionizing radiation on bituminous coal samples was studied. It was established that pre-treatment of coal leads to an increase in the amounts of oxygenated and asphaltenic fractions in extracts. The effect of ionizing radiation on subsequent thermal destruction of coal was shown. In the process of coking of the treated and extracted coal samples, the yield of coke residues with macroporous structure increased.

Review and analysis of the modern data on the content of phenol compounds in the plants of the Salix L. genus were carried out. The works aimed at the search for chemotaxonomic markers and their application in systematics are presented. It is demonstrated that the qualitative composition of phenol compounds is an invariable, stable sign for the taxons of the Salix genus. Phenol glycosides may be used to identify morphologically similar species and hybrid forms. Special attention is paid to the species that have been the subjects of investigations in different countries: S . babylonica L., S . alba L., S . raddeana Laksch. еx Nasarow, S . caprea L. and S . acutifolia Willd.

Influence of ionizing radiation on the physicochemical characteristics of poly-N-methylallyl-5-vinyltetrazole (MPVT-A) and the rheological kinetic properties of energy-rich compositions prepared from irradiated MPVT-A samples was studied. It is established that ionizing radiation can significantly reduce the induction time of solidification of the compositions based on MPVT-A.

The literature data on the research in the field of homo- and copolymerization of norbornene and its derivatives are discussed in the review. Due to specific structure, norbornene and its derivatives provide the basis to synthesize the polymers and copolymers with various functionalities, differing from each other in the structure and physical-mechanical characteristics of final products. Depending on polymerization conditions, the polymers synthesized on the basis of norbornene are characterized by high optical purity, high thermal and chemical stability, mechanical strength. Copolymers of norbornene with olefins and acrylic monomers combine the properties typical for norbornenes with such characteristics of polyolefins or polyacrylates as high adhesion, elasticity, flexibility of macromolecules, which promotes broadening of their application range. Thus, the availability of the raw material basis of norbornene and its derivatives, together with the unique performance characteristics of the polymers and copolymers based on them, attracts the attention of researches to the studies into the synthesis of new norbornene monomers and the synthesis of polymers and copolymers on their basis for use in various branches of industry. The data presented in the review provide evidence of the promising character of studies in the area of the synthesis of high-molecular compounds with valuable performance characteristics on the basis of norbornene hydrocarbons.

Regulation of the transport characteristics of oil is often implemented with the help of depressor and inhibiting additives. A characteristic feature of new developments in the area of oil additives is the composite nature (two or more components of the active substance), which provides their multifunctional action. Results obtained in the investigation of the effect of complex additives based on polyalkylacrylate (PAA) and petroleum-polymer resins modified through nitration (N-PPR) on the chilling temperature and viscosity of paraffin and high-paraffin oils of West Siberia, as well as on the amount and composition of asphaltic resinous paraffin sediments (ARPS) are presented. It is established that, in comparison with the additive based on PAA, the complex additive causes a decrease in the amount of ARPS (by 10 % as average), a two-fold increase in the depression of oil chilling temperature and a decrease in its dynamic viscosity. The efficiency of the complex additive was revealed to depend on the method of N-PPR preparation. The best results with respect to all parameters are demonstrated by the additives for which the N-PPR were synthesized by means of ion and initiated polymerization. It was shown in the evaluation of the surface activity of resinous asphaltene oil components and the components of the developed compositions that among the studied samples N-PPR are characterized by the lowest surface tension. The resins of oil kinds under investigation differ from each other in surface tension only insignificantly. Among all components, asphaltenes are characterized by the highest surface tension. A new complex additive based on PAA and modified PPR is proposed, which may be used to reduce the chilling temperature and viscosity of paraffin and high-paraffin oil, as well as the amount of ARPS formed in them.

The quantitative content of 22 chemical elements (As, Br, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sc, Se, Sr, Ti, Zn, Zr, V, Y, Ca, Fe, K) in the vegetative organs of Hemerocallis hybrida was determined for the first time with the help of X-ray fluorescence analysis with synchrotron radiation (XRD). Comparative data on the elemental composition of leaves and rhizomes in the plants of varieties Speak to me and Regal Air in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia are presented. The specific features of the content of 19 microelements and 3 macroelements in above-ground and underground organs were revealed. The concentrations of all elements in the leaves and rhizomes of Speak to me and Regal Air plants were at the maximum permissible level. The leaves of Regal Air were distinguished by the higher (by a factor of 1.5-7) content of molybdenum, bromine, chromium, rubidium, selenium. The concentrations of lead, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium were 1.5-6 times higher in the leaves of Speak to me. Underground organs were found to be the richest in trace elements. It was shown that the total content of trace elements is 1.5-3 times higher in the organs of the Regal Air variety. The variety specificity of the quantitative content of chemical elements in vegetative organs is detected.

The necessity to introduce the principles of green economics into subsoil management as one of the most important branches of Russian economy affecting the quality of the environment to the highest extent is considered. The main kinds of the effect of mining and primary processing of mineral resources on the state of geological environment, surface relief and soil cover are presented, as well as the forms of the influence on human health for different stages of the industrial process. The long-term negative effect of the consequences of mineral resource mining is stressed, together with the high cost of recultivation and rehabilitation works. The major goals in the introduction of green approaches in subsoil resource management include improvement of the normative-legal basis of subsoil usage with respect to the ecological aspects of raw material mining and processing, the formation of the state authorities for geological management and innovative development of the economics of the country, broadening of the range of application of financial mechanisms for the technological renewal, public disclosure of the entire ecologically significant information on the companies involved in subsoil resource management.