Home – Home – Jornals – Siberian Scientific Medical Journal 2020 number 2

The comprehensive chorological analyses of benthic and planktonic faunal groups, the reconstruction of paleogeography, and the delineation and correlation of the same-type biofacies and geographic ranges of the fauna suggest that the Paleozoic tectonic blocks of the Verkhoyansk-Chukotka foldbelt (Tas-Khayakhtakh, Selennyakh, Omulevka, Omolon, Okhotsk, and Chukchi inliers) and Kotel’nyi Island originated in the same epicontinental sea basin of the Siberian paleocontinent, being parts of its passive margin located at the place of the recent foldbelt. We provide a rationale for paleontological, sedimentary, and morphometric diagnostic characteristics of rift zones in complex thrust-folded structures. A rift development, with activation phases in the Ordovician and Devonian, is found to have preceded the breakup of the passive margin in the late Paleozoic.

We present new data on the geology, geochronology, and geochemistry of volcanic complexes of the Uda-Murgal and Okhotsk-Chukotka belts that expose on the left bank of the Anadyr’ River in its middle course. The structural relationships between the stratons, supplemented by the U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar dates of volcanics, indicate at least three compression events at this segment of the Pacific margin during the Cretaceous: pre-Aptian, early Albian, and late Turonian. The complexes of the Uda-Murgal and Okhotsk-Chukotka belts are separated by an early Albian unconformity, but the other two unconformities are also well pronounced. The studied segment of the Uda-Murgal belt evolved in the ensialic island arc setting till the Barremian. In the Aptian, after the accretion of the island arc to the continent, volcanism reactivated on the Andean-type margin. The main geochemical difference between the Uda-Murgal and Okhotsk-Chukotka belts is the different volume portions of silicic rocks. The less significant difference in the contents of trace elements indicates a change in the composition of the mantle protolith. The complexes of the Okhotsk-Chukotka belt show signs of geochemical zoning, both longitudinal and transverse relative to the strike of the continent-ocean boundary.

The Yllymakh massif is one of Mesozoic ring intrusions widespread in Central Aldan. The alkaline rocks composing it are greatly diverse in composition. Based on the obtained petrological, geochemical, and geochronological data, we have recognized three groups of rocks, marking the different phases of the massif formation. The rocks of two groups resulted from the fractionation of rock-forming minerals (pyroxene and plagioclase) and accessory apatite, which is reflected in the composition trends in the variation diagrams and in the REE patterns. Assimilation of the crustal material also significantly contributed to the diversity of rock-forming melts, which is evidenced from the increase in 87Sr/86Sr from group to group. At the same time, the ε_Nd value is steadily extremely low throughout the study area (on average, -13.5). The obtained Ar-Ar geochronological data indicate three independent stages of the massif formation: 140.0 ± 1.9, 130.0 ±1.9-131.0 ± 2.4, and 125.0 ± 1.9 Ma, which are close in time to the evolution stages of other Mesozoic massifs in Aldan.

The uppermost Bathonian-lowermost Boreal Berriasian clay horizons (Gol’chikha Formation) of the Yenisei-Khatanga regional depression are regarded as probable oil source strata. Considerable core recovery in the Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sections from the boreholes drilled in the Paiyakhskaya well site and the presence of oils in the overlying strata of the Shuratovo Formation permit us to carry out integrated stratigraphic (bio-, litho-, chemo-, and seismostratigraphic) and geochemical (organic matter and oils) studies of the entire section of the Gol’chikha Formation and boundary beds, to reveal oil-producing horizons, and to compare the genotype and maturation level of their oils with those of the potentially oil source organic matter (OM) of the rocks. A detailed biostratigraphic zonation of the sections of the Gol’chikha Formation based on microfossils has been carried out. Comparison of δ¹³C_org variations in the Volgian and in the lower beds of the Boreal Berriasian with those in the Barents Sea shelf and in the northeast of East Siberia provided the basis for more accurate definition of the boundaries of stages and substages in the intervals free of fossils in the Paiyakhskaya area. The studied section of the Gol’chikha Formation has been divided into eight lithologic members calibrated with bio- and seismostratigraphic units. The distinctive features allowing the definition of the upper boundary of the Gol’chikha Formation are proposed using GIS data. Analysis of bio- and chemostratigraphic data allowed the correlation of the seismic reflecting horizons defined in the Gol’chikha Formation and its boundaries with the geologic section and relevant litho- and biostratigraphic units. It has been established that the strata with the highest content of organic matter consist of the upper part of the Gol’chikha Formation (the Upper Volgian and basal Boreal Berriasian). According to the vitrinite reflectance data, the OM catagenesis in the Upper Volgian interval corresponds to the oil window, which is confirmed by pyrolysis data. Thus, these strata can be considered oil-producing. The low δ¹³C_org values confirm the predominantly marine OM composition. Analysis of oils from the Cretaceous productive strata of the Paiyakhskaya area shows that they formed from the marine OM of the upper part of the Gol’chikha Formation at the same accumulation stage. The comprehensive studies of the Gol’chikha Formation in the Paiyakhskaya well site and complete stratigraphic coverage of the sections confirm that they can be considered a hypostratotype.

Several negative δ13C excursions in benthic foraminifera from gas-bearing core LV50-05 sampled offshore on the eastern slope of Sakhalin Island, Sea of Okhotsk, in an area of active methane seepage record the local history of methane events (ME). The core chronostratigraphy has been contsrained from AMS 14C ages and biostratigraphic data. Benthic foraminifera ( Nonionellina labradorica and Uvigerina parvocostata ) from some core intervals show normal marine δ13C values (about -1‰), but some intervals are marked by extremely depleted compositions as low as -34.5‰ δ13C (relative to VPDB). The negative δ13C excursions are interpreted as a record of seabed methane emanation during primary and secondary biomineralization of carbonate foraminifera. The results reveal four Holocene methane events (ME) in the area: two brief (ME-1 at 700-900 yr BP and ME-2 at 1200-1400 yr BP) and two long (ME-3 at 2500-4700 yr BP and ME-4 at 7400-10000 yr BP) events.

The main factors controlling the bulk sedimentation in the region of the Mendeleev Rise and the adjacent part of the Arctic Ocean during the late Cenozoic were studied using a complex of geomorphological, lithological, and organic geochemical data. Samples for the study were collected during the cruises of the R/V Akademik Fedorov in 2000, 2005, and 2007 and the icebreaker Kapitan Dranitsyn in 2012. Analysis of the group and molecular compositions of the dispersed organic matter (DOM) in bottom sediments has shown that the input of terrigenous sediments enriched with abrasion products of lithified rocks from the eastern source province determines the Holocene-Pleistocene sedimentation on the continental slope of the East Siberian Sea and the Podvodnikov Basin. The individual characteristics of DOM of the late Cenozoic deposits from the underwater mountains of the Mendeleev Rise reflect the wide diversity of sedimentary sources and depositional conditions. Subaqueous erosion and redeposition of denudation products of source rocks and pre-Holocene sediments play an important part in sedimentation together with a terrigenous flow and ice transport.

We present results of study of the molecular composition of organic matter (OM) in the bottom sediments of the Laptev Sea by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, isotope gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and Rock-Eval pyrolytic analysis. The OM of all collected sediment samples shows a significant terrigenous contribution. Compounds that are biomarkers of methanotrophic microorganisms are also found. A positive correlation between the contents of the studied biomarkers and the contents of pelite and total organic carbon is observed at the sites with documented intense methane bubbling. For example, the average content of C30 hopenes at the “methane” stations is twice higher than that at the “background” ones. The average content of C32 αβ-hopanes in sediment samples from the methane seepage area is 1.5 times higher than that at the background stations. We suggest that the increased C30 αβ-hopane content (~1.5 times higher within the methane seepage area) and the decreased moretane index relative to the C31 hopane index are due to the inflow of OM of petroleum origin. The presence of biphenyl in sediments indicates its petroleum origin, which supports our assumption of the migratory nature of petroleum hydrocarbons in the methane seepage area. Triterpenoids found in the sediment OM indicate diagenetic bacterial transformation of OM in the methane seepage areas, which shows that methane has been released for a long time. We assume the intense activity of the consortium of methanotrophs and sulfate reducers in the methane seepage areas.

According to drilling and seismic data, the Late Sinian-Early Cambrian intracratonic rift was found in the Deyang-Anyue area of the Upper Yangtze craton. This rift is controlled by a tensional fault and extends in the N-NW direction with a N-S length of 320 km and an E-W width of 50-300 km. After three stages of the rift evolution, i.e., the formation stage, development stage, and dying stage, a favorable near-source accumulation assemblage formed. The research results indicate that: (1) the sedimentation stage of the Late Sinian Dengying Formation is the rift formation stage, during which trough-basin facies sedimentation is developed in the rift, while platform marginal-facies mounds and shoals are developed on both sides, controlling the formation and distribution of high-quality reservoirs in the Dengying Formation; (2) the sedimentation stage of the Early Cambrian Meishucun-Qiongzhusi Formation is the rift development stage, during which deep-water continental-shelf facies argillaceous rocks accumulated in the rift with a thickness of 500-1000 m, indicating the sedimentation of high-quality source rocks; (3) the sedimentation stage of the Canglangpu Formation is the rift dying stage, terminating the evolution history of the intracratonic rift by gap filling. The intracratonic rift is a key factor for the formation of the Anyue giant gas field, where the high-quality source rocks provide abundant gases for the giant gas field. A regional lateral sealing occurred during the rapid rise of the western paleouplift in Central Sichuan during the Late Yanshan-Himalayan period, favorable for the preservation of the Gaoshiti-Moxi giant gas field on the eastern wing of the rift. The intracratonic rift and its role in giant gas accumulation provide a significant reference for deep oil and gas exploration in paleocratonic basins.

The review of the data on the chemical composition and biological activity of the genus Monarda L. represented by 20 species growing in North America is given. M. fistulosa L., M. didyma L. and M. citriodora Cervantes ex Lag. are successfully cultivated in various regions of Russia. The essential oils of Monarda are distinguished by the high content of phenols (67-89 %). Their composition depends on the species of Monarda , vegetation phase, site of growth, weather conditions. Under the conditions of a sharply continental Siberian climate (Novosibirsk), M. fistulosa has a high content (up to 4.16 %) of essential oil, more than in the Crimea and the North Caucasus. The phenolic complex contains flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Specific to the species of this genus is monardein, 3-O-(6-O- trans - p -coumaryl-β- D -glucopyranosyl)-5-O-(4,6-di-O-malonyl-β- D -glucopyranosyl)pelargonidine. The essential oil and extracts of Monarda have a high bactericidal, antiviral, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, radioprotective, antioncological, etc . action. The oil extract of the aerial parts of M. fistulosa showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus , Enterobacter cloacae , Streptococcus faecalis , Escherichia coli , etc . The aqueous-ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed high antiviral activity against influenza virus, subtype A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (human) and A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) (birds). The extracts of Monarda also possess pronounced fungicidal properties. The activity of oil, water and water-alcohol extracts of M. fistulosa against the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans was very high. Thymol and thymoquinone from M. fistulosa are cytotoxic against certain lines of human tumour cells. The essential oil from M. citriodora and its main component, thymol, inhibit the proliferation of HL-60, MCF-7, PC-3, A-549 and MDAMB-231 cancer cells. Carvacrol also has an antioxidant and antitumour effect. Essential oil is used in the cosmetic and food industry to flavour vermouths, stabilize wines, and also as a natural flavouring agent, preservative and antioxidant instead of synthetic food additives. To expand the domestic market of raw materials, it is advisable to grow Monarda in culture.

The problem of sawdust utilization represents a challenge for almost all regions of Russia. At the same time, agricultural lands suffer from acute deficiency of organic fertilizers. The technology of sawdust composting using an association of microorganisms, which has been developed at the Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, allows, at least partially, addressing both of these problems. The paper deals with the main agrochemical indicators of the fertilizer produced from sawdust. Composting is carried out using different types of sawdust (deciduous and coniferous) over different years in various regions of Russia. It is shown that regardless of the substrate composition, time and place of composting, the fertilizer is stable in terms of composition and basic agrochemical indicators. The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the compost is comparable to that in high-quality organic fertilizers like high-moor peat, while the content of the mobile forms of main biogenic elements is higher. These substances, as well as humic acids, which are contained in the fertilizer, ensure the effective growth and development of plants during the vegetation season. The finished compost has a high cation exchange capacity and low hydrolytic acidity, which allow decreasing the removal of cations from plough layers. The advantages of the compost include close-to-neutral pH value and the absence of weed seeds and phytopathogens. The fertilizer does not contain phytopathogenic microorganisms and parasites, and the amount of toxic and hazardous substances is much lower than the maximum permissible concentrations established for soils. The use of this compost will not only increase the yield of agricultural crops, but also permit to eliminate the large-tonnage waste of timber processing enterprises.

Biodiesel is synthesized from five different types of vegetable oils (sunflower, mustard, linseed, corn and camelina). The yields of the target product, the physicochemical and low-temperature properties of the obtained biodiesel fuels are determined. The effect of the additive on the low-temperature properties of biodiesel and its blends with petroleum diesel fuel is investigated. It is shown that the low-temperature additive for petroleum diesel fuels is ineffective for improving the low-temperature properties of biodiesel. It is established that the efficiency of the low-temperature additive decreases with an increase in the proportion of biodiesel in the blend with diesel fuel. The expediency of using biodiesel as a blend component of commercial diesel fuels is shown. Recommendations on the use of “biodiesel/diesel fuel/low-temperature additive” blends as commercial diesel fuels of the Summer grade and Off-Season grade according to GOST (State Standard) 305-2013 “Diesel fuel. Technical Specification” are developed.

Analysis of the chemical and physical methods of water decontamination is carried out, the advantages and shortcomings of their application are revealed. A new approach to water treatment at centralized water-preparation stations is proposed. The approach involves the treatment of natural surface water, as the source of drinking water supply, by means of air floatation using ceramic membranes, coagulation (with aluminium sulphates or hydroxochlorides), filtration (through sand filters) to prevent biofouling and to enhance the efficiency of decontamination of purified transparent water after filtration, irradiation with ultraviolet light and subsequent water conservation by carbon dioxide (to restrain the growth and propagation of microflora in the distributing network). Additional decontamination of water from the city water supply in the case of the necessity to use it for drinking purposes may be carried out by boiling. This will allow complete elimination of the chlorination of piped water and the negative effects of this kind of treatment.

The samples of humic acids (HA) isolated from brown coal, both native and modified with hydrogen peroxide and n- butanol, were obtained and studied by means of elemental and technical analysis. The changes of structural parameters and the concentration of paramagnetic centres (PMC) of modified HA were revealed by means of ¹³C NMR, IR, EPR spectroscopy. The biological activity of native and modified HA was evaluated by means of phytotesting with the seeds of Iren wheat as an example. A trend to a decrease in the biological activity of HA with a decrease in PMC content was discovered. An increase in biological activity is connected with an increase in parameter F₁ depicting the relations between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements in HA structure.

Mannich reaction of 6-methyluracil with salsolidine and substituted 1-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines was studied. The use of equimolecular amounts of reagents led to the production of new conjugates - 5-(1-(aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolyl)-2-methyl)-6-methylpyrimidin-2,4(1 Н ,3 H )-dions with 61-84 % yields. When studying the effect of these conjugates on the growth and viability of tumour cell lines (HeLa, HEp-2), it was found that the formation of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives with 6-methyluracil molecule does not contribute to the manifestation of cytotoxic effect.

Systematic studies in the field of the synthesis of ethers based on glycerol and polycyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons have been carried out. The reactions of glycerol addition to cyclohexene, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, tricyclo[5.2.1.0^2,6]deca-3,8-diene, tetracyclo [4.4.1^2,5.1^7,10.0^1,6]dodec-3-ene and their alkyl-substituted derivatives were carried out in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst - boron trifluoride etherate (BF₃ · OEt₂). It was revealed that the BF₃ · OEt₂ catalyst promotes the successful transformation of the above-indicated polycyclic olefins and their alkyl-substituted derivatives into glycerol monoethers in the yields of 70-87, 81 and 64-74 %, respectively. The effects of temperature, reaction duration, the molar ratio of initial components and the amount of the catalyst on ether yields were studied, and the optimal conditions for the synthesis of bi-, tri- and tetracyclic glycerides were determined. The synthesized ethers may be used as additives to synthetic oils.

A complex of medical and biological studies of the effect of 4-(hydroxyethyl)phenol ( p -tyrosol, aurol) on all life stages for the groups of different animals is considered. A substantial decrease in the level of mortality was revealed for each experimental group and at each life stage. The efficient action of aurol at the early life stages and during subsequent development of organisms was demonstrated. Aurol exhibits antioxidant properties, affects vascularization and neoangiogenesis and thus restores the nitroxidergic system of the brain, improves blood composition, strengthens the structures of the most essential systems of the organism, and decreases bird mortality at the early stage of life. The use of aurol in poultry breeding leads to early ovicell maturation in hen organisms, which causes an increase in egg-laying ability. In the cases of vaccination or diseases of birds, an increase in bird survival rate (90 %) is observed in the case of the treatment with known antibiotics in combination with aurol, compared to the reference group without aurol treatment (80 %). Neuroprotective action of aurol is exhibited as a sharp decrease in miscarriage rate during shearing pregnant goats. A positive effect of aurol application in cattle breeding causes the growth of more vigorous young individuals advancing in live weight by 5-7 % in comparison with the reference group. The long-term result of aurol action manifests itself in the animals of the experimental group during 25-30 days after injections and is explained by an increase in hemoglobin concentration and the high biological activity of blood serum. A substantial economic effect achieved during industrial tests of the maintenance of animals with the help of aurol at all stages of their life is the first example of an increase in productive longevity.

The decomposition of eudialyte concentrate was studied by means of sorption conversion in the 2 mass % solution of sulphuric acid. It was shown that eudialyte decomposes at a temperature of 80 ^оC with the formation of silica gel, while silica sol is formed at 20 ^оC. The efficiency of the sorption of refractory rare elements by the sorbent in the mode of silica sol formation increased in comparison with the mode of silica gel formation from 52.5 to 89.4 for zirconium, from 60.1 to 89. 2 for hafnium, from 7.4 to 85.1 for niobium, from 0 to 67.1 for tantalum, from 27.6 to 80 for titanium, respectively, with the provision of a high degree of extraction of rare earth elements (REE) - 82.9 %, including REE of yttrium and medium groups up to 86-89 %. The major part of the losses of niobium, tantalum, titanium and REE is determined by their inclusion in loparite and other accessory minerals that are untreatable under the studied conditions. It is assumed that a substantial increase in the sorption of rare elements of IV and V groups at 20 ^оC (in comparison with the results obtained at 80 ^оC) is due not only to the formation of silica sol but also to a decrease in the hydrolysis of the cations of these metals with the formation of their forms that are not sorbed by the sulphocationite. The features of decomposition of the eudialyte concentrate by the low-concentrated solutions of nitric and sulphuric acids were compared. The reasons providing the formation of silica sol during the low-temperature sulphuric decomposition of eudialyte are discussed. It is stressed that the studied method may be the basis of an efficient technology of eudialyte concentrate processing because the application of this method results in a decrease in acid consumption by a factor of 3-5 in comparison with traditional acid procedures. As a consequence, the amount of liquid wastes subjected to utilization is reduced, the effective specific radioactivity of the silica residue and the consumption of energy resources decrease.

The effect of temperature factor, polymer additives and magnetic field on the kinetics of sediment formation, pour point and microstructure of oil residue from high-paraffin low-resin oil is investigated for the purpose of developing the methods aimed at a decrease in the rate of formation of asphaltene sediments during oil transportation and storage. Independently of the temperature conditions of action, the introduction of additives into oil causes a decrease in the amount of the formed sediments. The maximal inhibiting capacity is that of DP2 additive causing a decrease in the amount of oil sediments almost by a factor of 9. The combined treatment of oil with magnetic field and the additive does not lead to an additional decrease in the amount of the formed oil residue and pour point.

Objective evaluation of the state of the environment may be made on the basis of the parameters of human health. The cities of Kirovsk, Apatity, and the Lovozersky district stand out among the cities and districts of the Murmansk Region for the diseases of the musculoskeletal system and urolithiasis. The population of these areas uses water formed within the giant alkaline massifs - Khibiny and Lovozero, containing the oxides of strontium, thorium, barium and rare earths. The solution - crystalline substance system was studied with the help of physicochemical modeling using the Selector software package. Environmental conditions and physiological parameters of the human organism were taken into account. Natural drinking water, gastric juice, a mixture of drinking waters and gastric juice were considered as the solution, while the newly formed phases in equilibrium with solution were considered as the crystalline substance. The chemical forms of the migration of elements including uranium were studied, and the conditions of mineral phase precipitation in the system natural waters - gastric juice under the conditions of reduced and increased acidity were investigated. It was demonstrated that the forms of element migration (Ni²⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sr²⁺) remain carcinogenic or toxic at the temperature and parameters existing in the stomach. The proposed approach opens new opportunities in environmental and medical-ecological studies.

The composition and morphology of hydrolytic lignin obtained from sunflower husk are studied before and after alkaline modification. The sorption properties of hydrolytic lignin towards Cr(VI) ions were studied under static conditions (at the solid to liquid phase ratio 1 : 1200, and a temperature of 20 °C) from the aqueous solutions of potassium dichromate with different initial concentrations of Cr(VI) ions (0.05-1.0 mg/L). Sorption kinetics was studied, and the analysis of the integral kinetic curves of sorption was carried out in accordance with chemical kinetic models.

The reasons for the formation of nitrous oxide (a greenhouse gas with CO₂-equivalent equal to 310) at modern plants manufacturing weak nitric acid are analyzed. The amount of annual N₂O emission depending on the operating conditions of the ammonia converter and on the method of the removal of nitrogen oxides NO_х is estimated. A technological scheme of simultaneous low-temperature removal of NO_x and N₂O from exhaust tail gases is proposed, in which V/Al catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with ammonia and Сs/Co₃O₄ catalyst for N₂O decomposition are used. Mathematical modeling of a 2-layer catalytic reactor is carried out; the charges of both SCR catalyst and N₂O decomposition catalyst are determined, which ensures compliance with environmental emission standards for all nitrogen oxides.

Purpose of the study was to determine the quantitative content of Klotho protein in the blood of men with coronary heart disease in comparison with the control group and its association with the blood lipid profile. Material and methods. The study included 178 men, including 115 people aged 50-65 years (I age group) and 63 people over 80 years (II age group). The main group included 98 men with coronary heart disease, the average age was 61.1±11.4 years, the control group consisted of 80 men without coronary heart disease, and the average age was 68.1 ± 14.4 years. Klotho protein serum concentration was measured by ELISA. Results. Klotho’s protein level tends to decrease in people with coronary heart disease, its lower level is associated with an increased relative risk of coronary heart disease. In men with coronary heart disease, Kloto protein tends to increase with age, and men without coronary heart disease, on the contrary, decrease. In patients with coronary heart disease, an increase in Klotho protein in the blood is associated with an increase in the level of HDL-C and a decrease in the atherogenic coefficient. Conclusion. Thus, it can be assumed that Klotho protein in men with coronary heart disease exhibits anti-atherogenic properties.

Pulse wave amplification and augmentation are considered as new indicators of arterial stiffness. It is of interest to study their association with electrocardiographic pro-arrhythmic patterns in the male population of Novosibirsk. Material and methods. We used data from a representative sample of 145 men aged 25-44 years from a population of inhabitants of Novosibirsk. Applanation tonometry of the radial artery and pulse wave analysis were performed using the SphygmoCor system (AtCorMedical, Australia). The Brugada pattern, the pattern of early ventricular repolarization and fragmentation of the QRS complex were determined on a resting electrocardiogram according to generally accepted current criteria. When analyzing the data, descriptive statistics methods and the general linear model (GLM) were used. Results. Fragmentation of the QRS complex in the in the area of the inferior wall of the left ventricle, regardless of age, body mass index and heart rate, was associated with a decrease in the ratio of amplification of pulse pressure (F = 5.34; p = 0.022), amplification of pulse pressure (F = 5.91; p = 0.016) and amplification of systolic pressure (F = 5.02; p = 0.027). Conclusion. In the Novosibirsk male population, a decrease in pulse wave amplification was associated with fragmentation of the QRS complex. The results of this study demonstrate the relevance of an integrated assessment of prognostically significant indicators of arterial stiffness and ventricular pro-arrhythmia to study the possible cumulation of cardiovascular risk.

Age is one of the well known strongest risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). At the same time, vessel age or arterial wall stiffness is one of the major determinants of so called biological age. Aim of the study was basing on the earlier obtained data to create a new complex marker for non-invasive estimation of elevated arterial stiffness. Material and methods. Totally 202 subjects (33.2 % men) aged 25-75, who according to ambulatory check-up at the National Research center for Preventive Medicine were free of atherosclerosis-related diseases, were included into the study. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) > 10 m/s was used as a measure of arterial stiffness. Blood biochemical parameters were measured by standard methods. Results. Preliminary analysis of mathematical models including various biochemical markers and clinical parameters allowed us to select the most significant variables associated with PWV: blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic, SBP and DBP, respectively), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), and C-peptide content. ROC-analysis gave their optimal cut-off points: SBP/DBP > 120/75 mm Hg; BMI > 26.3 kg/m2; blood plasma TG content > 1.0 mmol/l; C-peptide content > 1.67 ng/ml. These variables were combined as a complex marker (CM). A special score was generated: if any of these parameters exceeded the threshold value, it was assigned 1 point. It turned out that the combination of at least two variables indicates an elevated arterial stiffness. Analytical characteristics of CM were determined. Conclusion. To estimate the probability to have elevated arterial stiffness, indicating on accelerated biological ageing, a new biomarker was created with the sensitivity of 82.7 %, specificity - 62.3 %, and correct prognosis of 71.6 %.

The aim of the study was to examine of endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy I-II stages. Material and methods. The study included 30 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy I-II stages. All the examinees underwent detection of endothelin-1, desquamated circulating endothelial cells and endothelial NO synthase levels in the blood, reflected endothelial damage. Results of investigation of 21 practically healthy people served as control. Results. Reliable increasing of endothelial dysfunction markers were detected at initial stage of dyscirculatory encephalopathy, aggravated with the progress of disease.

The Aral Sea region is considered one of the crisis regions of Kazakhstan. Taking into account the severity of the current unfavorable situation, the impact of desertification and environmental pollution on human health, the territory in the Aral Sea region is divided into zones: disaster; crisis; pre-crisis state. The aim of the study was to obtain data on the actual level of relative risk to the health of the adult population depending on the actual living conditions in the disadvantaged region of the Aral Sea. As part of the implementation of the Programme «Integrated approaches in managing the health of the population of the Aral Sea region», clinical and functional studies of the adult population of the territory of the Aral Sea region were conducted in the settlements of three zones: disaster (Aralsk, Aiteke-bi, Shalkar), crisis (Zhalagash, Zhosaly, Shieli), pre-crisis condition (Irgiz, Ulytau, Arys). Atasu village of Karaganda region was chosen for control. A comparative analysis of the prevalence of diseases in the studied regions with the control region was carried out by the magnitude of relative risks. The data on the actual level of relative risk to the health of the adult population depending on the actual living conditions in the disadvantaged region of the Aral Sea region are presented. It was noted that the relative risk of diseases of the circulatory system with a statistically significant difference in magnitude χ2 varied to 3.8 in the disaster zone, to 2.6 in the crisis zone and to 1.7 in the pre-crisis zone. Determining the relative risk of this pathology in the population of the disaster zone are coronary heart disease associated with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension associated with atherosclerosis of vessels., which indicates a high risk of coronary heart disease with vascular atherosclerosis and vascular atherosclerosis among diseases of the circulatory system.

The literature review highlights the results of recent studies of the world over the invectigations of biochemical factors secreted by visceral adipocytes and affecting the activity of the cardiovascular system. The results of studies of biomolecules such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, tissue factor, lipoprotein lipase, apolipoprotein E, complement factors, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, visfatin, proteins of angiotensin system, apelin, omentin, monocyte chemoattractant type 1 protein, retinol-binding protein of type 4 are described.

The cholesterol ester transfer protein regulates cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues. The cholesterol ester transfer protein is encoded by CETP gene. The review describes the association of CETP gene variants with metabolic changes in different diets. The association of diet and metabolic changes depends on the sample size, individual and age characteristics of the patients, the duration of the observation, and the analysis of the spectrum of the CETP gene variants.

The analytical review address to the influence of atherosclerotic vascular changes in the development of age-related cognitive decline, the role of the cognitive reserve as a factor in the compensating of the brain changes associated with normal and pathological aging, and the reorganization of the brain functional systems in vascular cognitive impairment, reflected in the rhythmic activity of biopotentials.

Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the initial development of atherosclerosis. The presence of atherosclerosis by ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries is associated with an increased risk of development of coronary heart disease (CHD) by 1.2% -3.3% per year. The study of the relationship between morphological and functional vascular alterations is an important step toward an improvement of prognostic assessment of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the development of new tools for their prevention. We aimed to perform a systematic review of published studies evaluating the relationship between flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) during reactive hyperemia test and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Material and methods. Publications on selected topic were analyzed from 2000 to 2019. We used various Internet resources such as PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.ru), the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.ru (https://elibrary.ru) and major Russian cardiology journals. Results. The analysis of the literature showed that a relationship between a decrease of FMD and an increase of IMT is consistently found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with verified atherosclerosis of different locations (including CHD and peripheral arterial atherosclerosis), and arterial hypertension. However, these studies were conducted predominantly on small clinical groups (from 10 to 136 people). Few large studies (more than 1000 people) among subjects with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus did not show any convincing relationship between IMT and FMD. In the current literature there is a lack of large studies on the problem, and the data of existing studies are contradictory. New larger studies on this issue are required in various populations and in a wide age range. Conclusion. The studying of association between phenotypes of vasodilation function and structural changes of the vascular wall (for example, between FMD and IMT) remains topical for prognostic assessments of the risk of developing of cardiovascular diseases.

In recent years the role of microvesicles in endocrine system transmission, in providing cellular connectivity, in transportation of proteins and nucleic acids from one cell to another, in angiogenesis regulation, in inflammatory reactions and in dissemination of tumors is actively studied. This article reviews the mechanisms of microvesicle formation, the structure of microvesicles and their potential value as biomarkers. Among all essential reactions involving microvesicles one thing especially stands out: their direct participation in providing hemostatic reactions for bleeding control in case of a solution of continuity in blood vessels due to different reasons. Platelet microvesicles play an important role in this process, and it has been proved by several experimental and clinical studies. In this review we evaluate prospects for clinical use of one of modern blood components - cryoprecipitate - as the source of platelet microvesicles.

Interferons are a group of protein molecules with a broad spectrum of effects on the human body. Interferon lambda (type III interferon) was discovered comparatively recently about 20 years ago and its action is still poorly understood. However, the study of its properties and mechanisms of action is of great interest, since it not only has similarity with type I interferons, but has a number of distinctive features that create prerequisites for expanding its clinical use. Particularly, interferon lambda is not produced by all cells of the body, and therefore has a more targeted effect and lower systemic side effects than type I interferons. This review considers the biological activity of exogenous interferon lambda: the mechanisms of its antiviral, antitumor, antifungal and immunomodulatory activity. The possibility of its use in clinical practice for the treatment of such diseases as Sjogren’s syndrome, atopic asthma, autoimmune arthritis, various tumors, as well as against a various of RNA- and DNA-containing viruses that attack the anatomical barrier surface of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, blood-brain barrier and liver is discussed. This review also considers pegylated recombinant interferon lambda. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated a higher safety profile of pegylated interferon lambda compared with pegylated interferon alpha.

Purpose of research - To develop an experimental model of intoxication of laboratory animals by polyacrylonitrile pyrolysis products. Materials and methods. The study was performed on the rats. Pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile fibers was carried out at temperature of 270-350 °C. The laboratory animals were exposed to static inhalation intoxication by pyrolysis products for 15 min. Vital signs were determined in animals before and 5 minutes after intoxication. Arterial blood oxygenation index and acid-base state parameters were evaluated at 10 min after exposure. Qualitative detection of cyanides in brain and myocardial samples obtained 15 minutes after intoxication was carried out by gas chromatography. Results and discussion. It was found that the weight of the material (containing 85 % polyacrylonitrile), which pyrolysis products lead to the death of 50 % of laboratory animals within 24 hours after exposure, was 0.81 ± 0.15 g. The animals showed signs of poisoning by substances interrupting the processes of cell bioenergy when exposed to pyrolysis products obtained under specified conditions. The evident bradycardia and bradypnea ( p < 0,05), and significant decrease in rectal temperature was marked. The exposed animals did not differ ( p > 0,05) from the rats of the control group by the parameters of oxygenation. The signs of decompensated metabolic acidosis were detected in blood. The cyanide peak was detected by gas chromatography with a retention time of 3.78 min in brain and heart muscle biopsies. The experimental model, in which inhalation exposure of pyrolysis products of polyacrylonitrile fibers led to severe intoxication of laboratory animals, was developed. The model can be used to search for means of etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy of poisoning by combustion products of nitrogen-containing polymeric materials.

A non-contact method for strain measurements with virtual extensometers during the mechanical testing of rocks and equivalent geomaterials is considered. The measuring procedure is analyzed based on the geometric shape and surface of the sample.

A mathematical model of plastic deformation is constructed for initially anisotropic medium. It is assumed that the deformation process for elastic body dictating its own tensors of strain, which continue to act as eigen tensors in the states of plasticity and fracture. In the problem of indentation, the cylinder of a given length with a wedge-like tip is considered as a striker. At a given initial speed of the striker, its maximum penetration depth is determined. The influence of the medium anisotropy and parameters of the striker on the penetration depth is investigated.

The experiments were carried out to study a system with two mobile percussion masses incorporated in a common housing for steel pipes penetration into elastic-plastic environment under the action of vibro-pecrcussion. A laboratory sample of a pneumatic hammer with the pipe driving unit based on the air distribution scheme with an elastic valve in the pressurized chamber for return-stroke of the piston was fabricated and tested. The results of the study of the working cycle for different types of settings are given. Preliminary data on the possible effects of percussion actions on the duration and frequency of impact impulses are obtained.

Calculations of the design parameters of auger-type hole expansion reamer for curved wells is presented. Relationships between the magnitude of soil deformation caused by the casing of expansion reamer and its length while moving along a curved path were found during mathematical modeling. The formula for determining the maximum length of the casing of expansion reamer, depending on its diameter and parameters of the steering unit was found.

The use of sublevel caving with an upward and undercut-and-fill stoping for mining Northern ore body of the Orlovsky deposit based on the numerical simulation of the rock mass stress-strain state using the finite element method is substantiated. It is determined that undercut-and-fill stoping with a backfilling layer 8 m high is a safer option in the conditions of lower horizons of the deposit, from the viewpoint of enclosing rock stability.

Effects of external compression on the parameters of seismic waves in rock mass were investigated. The study was carried out experimentally on one-dimensional models of block-structured media under pulsed loading. It is shown that as a result of dispersion prompted by propagation of perturbations, a low-frequency pendulum wave is observed in its head part. The parameters of such wave are determined by the mass of blocks and deformability of contact zones at their interfaces. External compression enhances the rigidity of such zones thereby causing acceleration in the wave propagation speed and a change in the spectral composition of waves. A possibility of determining external compression by the spectral composition parameters of pendulum waves was investigated in the model experiments.

The paper discusses the problem of enhancement of gas well drainage productivity in coal seams using the hydraulic fracturing technology. Filling of a fracture with proppant provides a long-term increase in the well drainage performance. Results of the laboratory experiments to determine coal permeability under various stress conditions are provided. The experimental results have shown that the use of proppants significantly reduces the fracture compressibility, while permeability of the propped fracture becomes less sensitive to changes in stress conditions.