Publishing House SB RAS:

Publishing House SB RAS:

Address of the Publishing House SB RAS:
Morskoy pr. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia



Advanced Search

Avtometriya

2009 year, number 3

1.
Status and Prospects of Micro- and Nanoelectromechanics

E. G. Kostsov
Keywords: microelectromechanics, MEMS, electromechanical conversion of energy, microelectronics, microoptics, optoelectromechanics, adaptive optics, frequency generator, accelerometer, gyroscope, microactuator, nanoelectromechanics, RF commutator, RF filter, pressu
Pages: 3-52

Abstract >>
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are devices that display the most intense development in modern microelectronics. At the moment, however, the majority of electronic engineers and users of hi-tech devices do not possess sufficient general information about this new direction in microelectronics. The present paper describes the current status of this direction, numerous possible applications, and prospects of its further development, including the transition to the nanometer range and creation of nanoelectronic elements. Specific features of operation of some particular MEMS devices, their characteristics, and areas and scales of applications are considered.



2.
Multichannel Linear Detector for x -ray Spectroscopy

V. A. Labusov, L. N. Mazalov, S. V. Fomenko, D. O. Selyunin, A. V. Bekhterev
Keywords: x-ray spectroscopy, emission spectra, absorption spectra, linear x-ray detector, photodiode array
Pages: 53-61

Abstract >>
This paper considers a new linear multichannel x-ray detector designed on the basis of a BLPP-369M4 silicon photodiode array (2612 photodiodes, array pitch 12.5 μm, height 4 mm, and dynamic range 104). The structure and characteristics of the multichannel detector are given, along with the Kα1,2, Kβ1, andKβ5 x-ray emission lines and a K-edge absorption spectrum of metallic copper recorded on a universal URS-2I spectrometer using this detector. The resolution and the signal/noise ratio of these spectra are superior to those of spectra recorded by an SRPP-21 gas ionization counter at the same recording time. The detector has a spatial resolution of 20 μm and an x-ray detection limit to equal 1 quantum at λ = 1.54 Å. It is suitable for studying the fine structure of absorption spectra at 1-10 Å.



3.
Specific Features of Operation of Electrostatic Microgenerators of Energy

V. P. Dragunov, E. G. Kostsov
Keywords: microelectromechanics, electrostatics, microgenerator of energy, microvibration
Pages: 62-73

Abstract >>
Specific features of operation of one- and two-capacitor microelectromechanical converters (MEMC) of energy of mechanical microscopic vibrations into electric energy with a modulated electrode-gap magnitude and with allowance for the mutual influence of electrical and elastic forces are analyzed, and the characteristics of these two devices are compared. The main factors restricting the increase in MEMC power are demonstrated to be the effects of "collapsing" and the condition of conservation of positive rigidity of the system. Expressions for estimating the limiting MEMC parameters are derived. The possibility of electrical energy generation in the presence of "real" sources of wide-spectrum microscopic vibrations is considered.



4.
Optimal Estimation of the Position of Non-Gaussian Impulse Noise in Images

E. A. Samoilin
Keywords: pulse noise, optimal estimation, spatial position, image filtering, average risk
Pages: 74-82

Abstract >>
An algorithm for optimal estimation (in the sense of the minimum average risk criterion) of the spatial position of non-Gaussian impulse noise in digital images is proposed based on the signal difference between the center of the slide aperture and its other elements. An expression for the boundary values of the admissible signal interval is obtained that provides the potentially achievable zero probability of noise estimation error. Results of numerical studies of the efficiency of the synthesized algorithm show its advantages over the well-known nonoptimal algorithm.



5.
Frequency Search Algorithm for Estimating Polyharmonic Signal Model Parameters

V. G. Getmanov
Keywords: polyharmonic models, estimation, parameters, nonstationary multifrequency signals
Pages: 83-89

Abstract >>
A frequency search algorithm for estimating polyharmonic signal model parameters is considered. The algorithm uses the symmetry property of functionals of residual partial sums. The proposed frequency search algorithm provides a decrease in the amount of calculation. The efficiency of solving the estimation problem is determined.



6.
Method of Directed Enumeration of Alternatives in the Problem of Automatic Recognition of Half-Tone Images

A. V. Savchenko
Keywords: automatic image recognition, image recognition, learning recognition, minimum information discrimination criterion.
Pages: 90-98

Abstract >>
The problem of automatic recognition of half-tone images based on the minimum information discrimination principle is formulated and solved. A method of directed enumeration of the set of alternatives in the Kullback-Leibler information metric is proposed as opposed to the method of complete enumeration of competing hypotheses. A program and results of an experimental study of the method are presented. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is characterized by increased accuracy and reliability of automatic image recognition.



7.
Group of Nonlinear Spheroidal Perspectives

A. M. Kovalev
Keywords: display of visual scenes, space compression, spheroid, nonlinear perspectives
Pages: 99-106

Abstract >>
A group of nonlinear perspectives for displaying three-dimensional visual scenes on elliptic surfaces and the interior of spheroids is considered. Scenes are transformed using a patented method for displaying objects with space compression and subsequent projection onto a sphere.



8.
One Method for Restoration of Blurred Images

V. R. Fazylov, N. K. Shcherbakova
Keywords: statistical regularization, restoration of blurred images, multistep support vector method
Pages: 107-110

Abstract >>
A new method is proposed to reduce image distortions caused by random noise and rectilinear uniform motion of the object or recording system. The of a restoration model is based on a statistical regularization method, and the obtained system of linear equations and inequalities is solved using a multistep support vector method. An advantage of this approach is that the iterative nature of the algorithm makes it possible to take into account the a priori information on the solution represented by the inequalities. The results of numerical experiments showing the efficiency of the algorithm are given.



9.
Estimating the Efficiency of Digital Filtering of Periodic and Impulse Noise Based on Local Statistics

V. G. Galalu, V. V. Sarychev, M. M. Klopot
Keywords: impulse noise, suppression ratio, smoothing, digital filter, modeling, impulse noise cancellation algorithm
Pages: 111-116

Abstract >>
This paper presents the results of modeling of several digital filtering algorithms of the ADC output codes for suppressing periodic and impulse noise signals and normal noise. The algorithms were tested in LabVIEW. It was shown that they provided real-time suppression of normal and impulse noise to a level from 57 to 63 dB.



10.
Identification of Subsurface Objects by Amplitude-Frequency Response Characteristics in the Microwave Range

V. P. Lubov, V. M. Gruznov
Keywords: microwave range, balanced antenna detectors, spectra of reflected signals
Pages: 117-122

Abstract >>
The resonant properties of dielectric subsurface objects in the microwave range are considered. The paper gives formulas and experimental results for the properties of some small-size (∅ 200 mm) dielectric objects in sand with a moisture content of 6% at depths up to 8 cm at frequencies of 270-620 MHz and for metal springs which can be part of these objects at frequencies of 900-1200 MHz. It is shown that the objects can be identified by their amplitude-frequency characteristics in the microwave range.



11.
Efficient Estimation of Generator Instability Characteristics in the Time Domain

B. D. Borisov
Keywords: efficient estimation, frequency instability characteristic, Allan variance, flicker noise, variance minimum, optimal filtering
Pages: 123-126

Abstract >>
This paper considers the problem of determining the true (nonsampling) variance of the Allan parameter-the main frequency instability characteristic of frequency generators, synthesizer, and standards in the time domain. The variables influencing the efficiency of estimating the parameter are determined and compared in magnitude. For frequency fluctuations with flicker noise power-law power spectral density, the parameter estimate accuracy is most significantly affected by the variance of the estimated average frequency-the quantity included in the Allan parameter and defining the quality of averaging over a finite time interval.