Home – Home – Jornals – Chemistry for Sustainable Development 2006 number 2

A set of problems and directions of the accelerated development of methods to synthesize perfluoroalkane-2,3-epoxides by means of the oxidation of fluorine-containing olefins is considered. Attention to perfluoroalkane-2,3-epoxides is due to their promising use in obtaining fluorinated materials for a wide range of practical applications: for example, as monomers for obtaining polyfluorinated polyethers, for manufacturing fluorinated membranes for electrochemical processes. The effect of the nature of oxidizing agent, radical initiators and the structure of a perfluoroolefin on the yield of the target product and on the formation of polymerization products is investigated. The application areas are proposed.

It is established that the content of lanthanum and neodymium accumulated in plant roots is several times higher than their content in the top mass. Rare-earth elements are most actively accumulated in pea roots. With respect to the coefficients of biological absorption, lanthanum and neodymium are characterized by low and middle level of absorption in the top mass of corn and pea.

On the basis of the data of IR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis, it was established that poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone enters chemical interaction with organic acids during their joint mechanical activation. The character of this interaction depends on the nature of an acid but does not depend on the type of activator, while the duration of the interaction depends both on the nature of an acid and on the type of activator.

The mineral and microelement composition of gallstones extracted from patients in the Novosibirsk and Omsk Regions were investigated. It was stated that a common feature of choleolithiasis in the regions under comparison is noticeable predominance of cholesterol gallstones. It was shown that the prevailing element in gallstones is calcium, while differences in content and distribution of microelements in gallstones is determined by regional features. It was established that the main elements of bile are sodium, potassium and phosphorus, which is in good agreement with literature data.

Outlook for application of amorphous sorbents on the basis of titanyl hydrophosphate to decontaminate liquid radioactive wastes from  137Cs, 134Cs, 90Sr, and 60Co radionuclides with elevated (up to 32 g/l) salt background that corresponds in composition to see water has been shown. Impurities in the form of petroleum derivatives (up to 0.4 g/l) and solid suspensions have no considerable effect on the deactivation and they can be separated together with the waste sorbent from the being cleared solution. The flow chart for the decontamination has been suggested. Heat treatment of the waste sorbent enables conducting immobilization of radionuclides within a solid phase. A variant of deactivation of soils that are polluted by radionuclides has been suggested.

Investigation of a series of fine powders of the copper alloy with the addition of 15 mass % tin,
4 mass % nickel and 5 mass % phosphorus was carried out by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was shown that the chemical composition of subsurface layers of powder particles of the solder depends on preparation procedure and affects the quality of soldering.

Compounds of Pd(II) of the PdL2 formulation with perfluorinated thiols of aromatic series 4-CF3C6F4SH (HL1), 2,4-(CF3)2C6F3SH (HL2), 4-nonafluorodiphenylthiol C6F5C6F4SH (HL3), 2-heptafluoronaphthalenethiol C10F7SH (HL4), and phenolic antioxidant 2,6-di(tert-C4H9)-4-(CH2)3SH (HL5) have been obtained that feature a rather weak smell for mercaptans. The HL3 structure has been determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis method. Thermal properties of Pd(L1)2

Pilot trials of a new nanocomposite mesopore sorbent of the NCMS type have been conducted in a purification technology for slightly acidic sewage from mercury. According to the trials, the dynamic capacity with respect to mercury of the NCMS sorbent was equal to 25.6 mg/g. Atomic emission spectroscopy method with the application of a two-jet plasmatron and a registration scheme was used to receive data on the nature of quantitative distribution of mercury and associated impurity-metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, and calcium) across the layers of a sorbent load. It has been demonstrated that the NCMS sorbent concentrates preferentially mercury and potassium, and their mutual ratio is close to the formulation of K2HgI4 compound, while impurities of other metals practically do not accumulate in the sorbent.

Physical and chemical composition of the stored waste wood taken from the pits of the Ust-Ilimsk Timber Industrial Complex (TIC) was investigated. The microbiological and sanitary-hygienic status of the waste wood was examined. The experimental data obtained provide evidence that the mass in the pits is friable because of large-size wastes, so oxygen access is provided even to the deep layers in the pit. Aerobic microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) that had occupied the lowest old layers have already created a united community that carries out biochemical destruction of waste wood forming ecologically dangerous lignin-like substances, neutral compounds, phenols and acids. Intense microbiological activity can lead to spontaneous ignition of waste wood, which belongs to the class of fire dangerous substances.

It has been demonstrated that introduction of caprone fibre in SKS-30 ARK latex makes it possible to reach its uniform distribution in the polymeric matrix and to increase a yield of coagulum. The availability of interfacial interaction between the surface of the fibre and styrene butadiene rubber matrix has been found. The introduction of caprone fibre makes it possible to enhance the vulcanizate resistance to heat ageing, repeated strains, and tear.

The possibility of a substantial decrease in the amount of industrial wastes by supplementing the technological process with the stages performed by means of electrolysis was demonstrated for the examples of processes of isolation of elemental arsenic from the aqueous solutions of sodium arsenite, syntheses of the esters of phosphic acid from elemental phosphorus, obtaining arsenic acid by the electrolysis of a suspension of arsenic (III) oxide, synthesis of azodicarbonamide, ketopanlactone and arsine.

Granulometric and chemical composition of the ash-and-slag wastes (ASW) of fuel-bed firing of the brown coal from the Kangalas field of the Lena basin was investigated. The ash-and-slag material was separated by means of magnetic separation of the granulometric and hydrodynamic classification. The content of rare elements (RE) and rare-earth elements (REE) in the initial ash-and-slag and in separation products differing in particle size, density and magnetic properties was determined. It was shown that RE and REE content of the low-density products of hydrodynamic separation increases, while it decreases in the magnetic products. Manganese is also observed to get concentrated in the latter. In view of the low content of RE and REE in low-density products in comparison with the matter from ore deposits, it is concluded that the isolation of the metals from the investigated ASW is unreasonable. It was shown that the use of the investigated ASW in construction industry is promising; the compositions for obtaining nonfired bricks and building mortars of the grade strength were chosen.

The effect of humic substances on bioconversion of glucose into ethanol is investigated. It is established that their presence in the reaction mixture with the optimal concentration of 0.001 % accelerates fermentation process. The reaction of glucose fermentation can be recommended for use as a new rapid and economic test for the biological activity of various humic preparations and optimization of their concentrations in aqueous solutions, which can be used, for stimulation of the growth of microorganisms, plants, and animals.