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Chemistry for Sustainable Development

2002 year, number 6

1.
Foreword


Pages: 673-674



2.
Lithium Ion Batteries: Materials, Products, Market

ILIA-MAY A. KEDRINSKY1 and GENNADIY L. PASHKOV2
1Siberian State Technological University, Ul. Markovskogo 57, Krasnoyarsk 660060 (Russia)
E-mail: kedr-vip@inbox.ru
2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. K. Marxa 42, Krasnoyarsk 660049 (Russia)
Pages: 707-720

Abstract >>
The basic principles of operation of Li-ion batteries (Li-ion) are considered; equations for the electrode potential and charge/discharge kinetics are presented. The most widespread materials for the negative and positive electrodes are described, as well as the composition of electrolytes, their properties and behaviour in Li-ion. The world market and outlooks of the Russian market are analyzed.



3.
About Correlation between Gibbs' Energy and Mean Orbital Electronegativity for the Interactions between Metal Oxides

EUGENE G. AVVAKUMOV
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia), E-mail: avvakumov@solid.nsk.su
Pages: 675-678

Abstract >>
By analogy with thermodynamic notions, implying that the possibility for a reaction to proceed is determined by Gibbs' energy, which is equal to the difference of the energies for the final and initial products, it is proposed to calculate the difference of the sums of mean orbital electro-negativities for the final an initial products. A linear correlation has been established between Gibbs' energies of reactions and the mentioned differences, on the basis of vast experimental material for various reaction types. This correlation can be used to estimate the possibility of a reaction between the compounds for which thermodynamic data are unknown, in particular for complicated multi-component compounds.



4.
Non-Equilibrium Solid Solutions in Metal Systems Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis

TATIANA F. GRIGORIEVA, ANTONINA P. BARINOVA, EUGENE YU. IVANOV, VLADIMIR V. BOLDYREV and NIKOLAY Z. LYAKHOV
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia), E-mail: grig@solid.nsk.su
Pages: 687-692

Abstract >>
Physicochemical properties of non-equilibrium solid solutions in metal systems obtained mechanochemically are investigated by means of high-resolution microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is demonstrated that nano-crystalline non-equilibrium solid solutions possess the excess free energy due to the presence of non-equilibrium non-stoichiometric defects and high density of inter block boundaries. The whole set of these defects creates synergetic effect in chemical activity.



5.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Indium and Tin Oxide Materials

YURI P. EGOROV, TATIANA D. MALINOVSKAYA, EUGENE P. NAIDEN, VICTOR I. SACHKOV and ELENA I. SACHKOVA
Kuznetsov Siberian Physicotechnical Institute, Ploshchad' Novosobornaya 1,
Tomsk 634050 (Russia), E-mail: malin@elefot.tsu.ru
Pages: 679-686

Abstract >>
Comparative investigations of phase formation processes and electronic properties of indium and tin oxide materials obtained under different conditions of solid-phase synthesis are presented. Substantial influence of synthesis conditions and temperature of hydrolysis product annealing on phase composition and size of crystallites of the synthesized indium and tin oxide materials is demonstrated. It is stated that the best optimal method to obtain materials with high concentration of free charge carriers is hydrolytic procedure with the use of hydrochloric acid solutions.



6.
Synthesis and Thermal Decomposition of Double Lithium-Aluminium Hydroxide Containing Copper Complex with Nitryltriacetic Acid

VITALIY P. ISUPOV1, RAISA P. MITROFANOVA1, LYUDMILA E. CHUPAKHINA1 and ALEXEY P. CHUPAKHIN2
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia), E-mail: isupov @solid.nsk.su
2Novosibirsk State University, Ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Pages: 693-698

Abstract >>
Double lithium-aluminium hydroxide [LiAl2(OH)6][Cunta] . 3H2O. containing copper complex with the anion of nitryltriacetic acid (nta) is synthesized by means of anion exchange for the first time. It is shown with the help of X-ray phase analysis that the size of layer packet of the synthesized compound is 11.8 Å. It is established by means of mass spectrometry that the process of water evolution due to dehydroxylation of [LiAl2(OH)6]+ layers starts simultaneously with the destruction of complex anion [Cunta]



7.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of LuBa2Cu3O6 + x Compound

MARGARITA YU. KAMENEVA, LYUDMILA P. KOZEEVA, NATALIA A. MURZINA, VICTOR S. DANILOVICH and LADIMIR E. FEDOROV
Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), E-mail: kamen@casper.che.nsk.su
Pages: 699-706

Abstract >>
Investigation of phase formation in the system Lu



8.
Investigation of Thermal Stability of LiCoO2 and Li1

DINA G. KELLERMAN, VERA V. KARELINA, VADIM S. GORSHKOV and YAKOV N. BLINOVSKOV
Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Pervomayskaya 91, Ekaterinburg 620219 (Russia), E-mail: kellerman@ihim.uran.ru
Pages: 721-726

Abstract >>
Processes that occur during the heating of the stoichiometric and defect lithium cobaltite are investigated. This compound is usually considered as one of the most promising cathode materials for secondary lithium batteries. Analysis of thermal stability of chemically deintercalated Li1



9.
Thermochemistry of the Decomposition Reactions of Solid Solutions Nd1 + xBa2

NATA I. MATSKEVICH1, Eugene A. TROFIMRNKO2 and YURI D.TRETYAKOV2
1Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), E-mail: nata@casper.che.nsk.su
2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy gory, Moscow 119899 (Russia)
Pages: 727-732

Abstract >>
The dependence of the enthalpy of formation of Nd1 + xBa2



10.
Thermodynamic Investigation of Precursors for MOCVD Processes: tris-Dipivaloylmethanate of Iron

VICTOR N. NAUMOV, ARKADIY V. SERYAKOV, GALINA I. FROLOVA, VERONIKA V. NOGTEVA, PAVEL A. STABNIKOV, IGOR K. IGUMENOV and MIKHAIL A. BESPYATOV
Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), E-mail: naumov@casper.che.nsk.su
Pages: 733-738

Abstract >>
The heat capacity for tris-dipivaloylmethanate of iron Fe(C11O2H19)3 within the temperature range 57



11.
Chemical Stability of Microwave Ceramics of the System SiC

IRINA V. NIKOLAENKO, ALEXEY P. SHTIN and GENNADIY P. SHVEYKIN
Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Pervomayskaya 91, Ekaterinburg 620219 (Russia), E-mail: nikolaenko@ihim.uran.ru
Pages: 739-742

Abstract >>
Chemical stability of the microwave ceramics of the system composed of silicon carbide



12.
Synthesis of Fe/C Nanocomposites by Decomposition of Iron Pentacarbonyl in Electric Arc Discharge

ALEXANDER V. OKOTRUB1, VLADIMIR L. KUZNETSOV2, ALEXANDRA SHARAYA3, YURIY V. BUTENKO2, ANDREY L. CHUVILIN2, YURIY V. SHUBIN1, VLADIMIR A. VARNEK1, OLIVER KLEIN3 and HUBERT PASCARD3
1Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), E-mail: spectrum@che.nsk.su
2Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
3Ecole Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, Paris (France)
Pages: 743-750

Abstract >>
A fibrous material composed of filamentary crystals of iron carbide Fe3C or metal iron encapsulated in graphite shells is synthesized. Combined investigation of the structure of the obtained material is performed by means of electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is discovered that current-voltage characteristics of auto-emission properties of nanoparticles differ from the properties of pure carbon nano-tubes, which is explained by different adsorption characteristics of these materials.



13.
Physicochemical Processes of Formation and Properties of Thin-Film Materials Based on the Oxides of Zirconium and of the Elements of Iron Triad

A. M. SHULPEKOV, L. P. BORILO and O. V. TURETSKOVA
Tomsk State University, Pr. Lenina 36, Tomsk 634050 (Russia), E-mail: turez2002@mail.ru
Pages: 763-766

Abstract >>
Thin-film materials based on zirconium dioxide and the oxides of iron triad elements are obtained. Physicochemical processes of their formation are investigated. It is stated that the films are dielectrics with large refractive index (2.0



14.
Problem-Oriented Investigations in Coal Fuel Chemistry and in Chemistry of Carbon Materials

YURI V. ROKOSOV
Institute of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Sovetskiy pr. 18, Kemerovo 650099 (Russia), E-mail: chem@kemnet.ru
Pages: 767-772

Abstract >>
The necessity of broadening and intensification of fundamental research is substantiated for the development of processes which would be the basis of principally new technologies of processing solid fossil fuel to obtain valuable chemical products and materials.



15.
Thermal Decomposition of Palladium Acetylacetonate Intercalated into Dicarbon Fluoride

VERA M. PAASONEN, PETER P. SEMYANNIKOV and ALBERT S. NAZAROV
Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), E-mail: sem@che.nsk.su
Pages: 751-756

Abstract >>
Thermal decomposition of palladium acetylacetonate intercalated into fluorocarbon matrix is investigated by means of mass spectrometry. It is demonstrated that thermal decomposition occurs within a narrower temperature range, at higher rate and comes to its completion at lower temperature (~200 °C) than for the case of individual Pd(AA)2.



16.
New Representatives of Promising Thermochromic Materials

OL'GA G. SHAKIROVA, LYUDMILA G. LAVRENOVA, VLADIMIR N. IKORSKIY, YURI G. SHVEDENKOV, LILIA A. SHELUDYAKOVA, VLADIMIR V. VOLKOV and STANISLAV V. LARIONOV
Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia), E-mail: ludm@che.nsk.su
Pages: 757-762

Abstract >>
Iron (II) complexes with 1,2,4-triazoles are promising thermochromic materials. New complexes of iron (II) perrhenate and dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate with 1,2,4-triazole (Htrz) and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (NH2trz) of the composition FeL3An × mH2O (n = 1, 2; m = 4, 5) are synthesized and investigated. The compounds are studied by means of magneto-chemistry, XPA, electron and IR spectroscopy. Magnetochemical data show that the complexes possess 1A1 <=> 5T2 spin transition. The spin transition is accompanied by thermo-chromism (change of colour from pink to white).