IDENTIFICATION OF UNDISTURBED AND WEAKLY DISTURBED TERRITORIES OF NORTHERN SIKHOTE-ALIN
E.M. KLIMINA
Institute of Water and Ecological Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 680000, Khabarovsk, ul. Dikopol’tseva, 56, Russia
kliminaem@bk.ru
Keywords: экологические критерии устойчивого развития, физико-географические округа, анализ ланд шафтного разнообразия, пространственная структура ненарушенных ландшафтов, environmental criteria for sustainable development, physiographic districts, analysis of landscape diversity, spatial structure of undisturbed landscapes
Abstract
An analysis is made of the use of indicators of the spatial distribution dynamics for of natural geosystems in the system of modern regional environmental criteria for sustainable development. The analysis revealed the absence of indicators character izing the actual distribution and dynamics of changes in the area of disturbed lands. It is suggested that methods of landscape and geoinformation analysis should be used for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of conditionally unchanged and weakly modified geosystems. Their use is illustrated by the example of a large natural feature, the mountain system of Northern Sikhote-Alin (Khabarovsk krai). Material obtained is based on long-term field investigations and on the analysis of satellite images from different years. The scheme of physiographic zoning was developed, on which 13 physiographic districts were identified. For a complex of landscape stows of each district, quantitative characteristics of landscape diversity were calculated (relative wealth index, landscape complexity, fragmentation and uniqueness). A spatial analysis of the geosystem structure of the central, western and eastern parts of Northern Sikhote-Alin has been carried out. It was found that fires and logging have the greatest impact on the dynamics of undisturbed geosystems, especially in the northern and eastern parts of the mountain system. Analysis of satellite images from 1990-2011 revealed a change in the structure of physiographic districts, which is manifested in the fragmentation and simplification of geosystems (the Yaiskii, Tumninskii and Eastern Tumninskii districts). An irregularity of representation of specially protected areas was revealed: from 52.7 % in the Koppi-Nelminskii district to their complete absence in the Yaiskii and Tumninskii districts, and a high proportion of secondary plant communities. The suggested landscape analysis is considered as a database and a necessary element in assessing the dynamics of undisturbed land for the purposes and objectives of spatial planning.
|
