NITROGEN THERMS AND CARBONIC WATERS OF THE KUANDA-EIMNAKCH HYDROMINERAL REGION (NORTHERN TRANSBAIKALIA)
A.I. Orgilianov1, L.V. Zamana2, I.E. Miheev2, I.G. Kryukova1, M.T. Usmanov2, A.N. Pyrayev3,4
1Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
2Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia
3Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
4Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: hydromineral complex, mineral springs, chemical composition, deep-seated genesis, balneological type of water, natural monument
Abstract
We examine the mineral springs occurring in the northern part of Transbaikalia region within the boundaries of the Kalar National Park which is in the process of establishment. The study area is located on the eastern flank of the Baikal rift zone. The mineral springs under consideration are combined into the Kuanda-Eimnakch hydromineral complex along the young sublatitudinal fault which represents a natural boundary between the Baikalian and Daurian (Transbaikalian) hydromineral provinces. The uniqueness of the geological-structural conditions is responsible for the formation of different types of mineral water. On this basis, we identified the nitrogen thermal and carbonic thermal and cold waters. Results from analyzing the chemical, gas and isotopic composition of the mineral waters are presented. On the basis of data on the isotope composition of carbon, the conclusion is drawn about the deep-seated genesis of CO2 in carbonic mineral waters. The composition of solid sediments of mineral springs was investigated. In the nitrogen therms of Purelag they are represented by sodium sulfate. In the carbonic thermal waters from the Travertinovyi spring, largely calcium carbonate is deposited. As related to balneology, the waters under consideration refer to the Pitatelevskii (nitrogen therms), Borjomi and Shumak (carbonic therms), Darasun and Lastochkinskii (carbonic cold) types of waters. Such a variety of mineral waters in a relatively small territory provides a high recreational potential of the region. There is a need for the protection of mineral springs, which are unique natural monuments, from pollution and depletion by control over visitors of the national park being established. Clinical investigations among vacationers are required in order to improve the quality of treatment with mineral waters.
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