Home – Home – Jornals – Scientific journal “Vestnik NSUEM” 2020 number 2

An approach to the study of the economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation is proposed, in which economic development is considered as economic growth, accompanied by the growth of national wealth and the formation on this basis of conditions for maintaining the environment and improving the quality of life of the population. The interaction of investment and innovation-technological factors and their influence on the formation of conditions for economic development are assessed. The study was conducted on the example of regions of the Russian Federation with developed manufacturing industries, which form half of the gross value added of the Russian Federation.

The implementation of any business project should be preceded by activities to predict its possible impact on the environment and to obtain environmental acceptability assessments for the implementation of the corresponding project. Ecological expertise is aimed at solving these important tasks. State environmental review is the legal form of preventive environmental control; carried out with the aim of verifying the compliance of economic and other activities with environmental safety requirements; It is carried out on the principles of mandatory conduct, scientific validity and legality of its conclusions and independence, extra-departmental organization and conduct, wide publicity and public participation. The article discusses the purpose of environmental assessments, formulates their basic principles arising from foreign practice of environmental policy in developed countries that have significant experience in the development and effective application of various institutional instruments for environmental regulation, including environmental impact assessments. The article gives an analysis of the establishment of the institute of environmental expertise in Russia, shows the results achieved and the omissions in this area over the past 30 years, reveals the causes and consequences of the minimization of the state environmental review after 2000. Based on the analysis of amendments to the Russian environmental legislation introduced in the last few years concerning the procedure and procedure for conducting environmental assessments, it is shown that these changes did not contribute to the improvement of the current situation. A number of measures have been proposed which are currently ripe for reanimating approaches to state environmental expertise, including the restoration of a system of specially authorized state bodies in the field of environmental protection; strengthening legislation on the institute of environmental impact assessment; streamlining issues of their financing, etc.

The article presents an analysis of scientific approaches to human resource management in the context of the environmental sustainability of an organization within the framework of the Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) concept. Two directions of GHRM were identified: an environmentally-oriented approach based on the application of traditional personnel management practices in the environmental management system (recruitment, introduction to work, assessment, training and incentives fo employees), and environmentally-integrated - including a wide range of management policies and practices that promote corporate environmental strategy through the integration of environmental values and company goals into activities at every workplace. The directions and tasks of forming the GHRM concept that are relevant for Russian researcher and HR-managers are identified.

Implication of scientific approach increases efficiency of regional governance. A method of agroeconomic evaluation of soil pollution by heavy metals is proposed and tested by example of the Rostov region - an important agrarian region of the Russian South. Conceptually, this method is linked to the ideas of risk and ecosystem services, and its result is cost equivalent of pollution taking into account actual content of heavy metals in soil. It is established that among four considered metals (nickel, copper, zinc, and lead), the cost equivalent is the biggest in the case of nickel, its sum for the region’s districts is 62,5 bln RUR. The results can be used to orient regional programs, strategies, and initiatives linked to agricultural and ecological activities, planning and establishing volumes of financial support of the latter. Moreover, these results permit to reveal complexity of soil resources governance within the study region.

The article discusses the principles of social justice in time and space. The emphasis is on transforming the understanding of social justice in Russia’s social policy. Currently, the principle of social justice is implemented by the state in programs for the preservation and development of human capital. The national project «Human Capital» is focused on improving the level and quality of life of citizens, the accessibility of material and social capital, creating opportunities for self-realization and disclosing the talent of each person, and developing a system of social elevators. The authors analyze the change in perception of social justice in Russia for a long time. It is noted that at the beginning of the Soviet period the concept of «social justice» was practically not used. The term «justice» appeared in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia only in 1953, which is currently one of the most popular in public policy. Combining the economy with politics, social policy determines the direction of the main political forces and trends in the Russian Federation.

Russia has passed the path of forming a market economy, which was accompanied by a multidirectional dynamics of GDP growth rates. The article considers the financial market as a factor of stimulating economic growth. Four stages of development of the market economy of Russia are justified. Starting from 2020, the fifth stage of economic growth based on the development of innovative technologies, digitalization of the economy. The features of these stages are analyzed from the point of view of investment incentives for development. Institutional and instrumental approaches to financial market segmentation are highlighted, and the features of implementing these approaches at each stage of the Russian economy development are considered. The formation of the financial market considered from the standpoint of the analysis of indicators, revealing the state of the financial markets: depth, access, stability and efficiency of the financial market. Measures for the development of the financial market are proposed

The article considers alternative financial models and their characteristics; the possibility of adaptation in the economy of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The operating Russian financial system is aimed more at financing major enterprises and holdings with stable development. Economic projects of priority development don’t conform to the standards of traditional financial institutions. It’s necessary to implement the system of alternative models of drawing private capital, currently not active, into innovation and technologic small enterprises and innovation start-ups.

A necessary condition for timely prevention and effective response to cases of criminal activity is bringing scientific statistical tools in line with modern realities, which will provide a more complete and comprehensive assessment of this complex phenomenon. In order to solve this problem, analysis and critical assessment should be subject to a system of statistical indicators of crime. The expansion and change in some part of the system of generalized crime indicators will help to solve the problem of a more comprehensive and adequate representation of the level, structure, and other most important characteristics of crime.

The article presents the methodological provisions of the research of consumer market state in the context of the assessment of living standards of the population. The assessment of unlocking the consumer market potential is given in terms of three segments: food market, non-food market and paid services market. The article reveals the features of the development of retail turnover viewed as the key indicator of consumer market that characterizes its social and economic effects. Its regional differentiation is assessed in terms of the territories of the Siberian Federal District. The methods of integrated assessment of the level of the consumer market development are offered; the results of implementation of the methods are presented.

Firms incur technological innovation costs to create and retain competitive advantages on market. It seems reasonable that innovation process performance depends on amount of costs on it. According to Structure - Conduct - Performance paradigm this dependency means that firms conduct influence on market performance. But this link is much more nuanced because there is a significant influence of features of industries in which firms operate. In Russia technological innovation costs lead to a high results in some industries and in other of them this link is weak like innovation intensity.

The aim of this work is to model the impact of sustainability and effectiveness on the efficiency of enterprises. The object of the research is the enterprises of high-tech industries and services of Russia. Their efficiency (profitability) is analyzed in the conditions of the crisis period of 2013-2017. The sample includes 1814 enterprises or 9070 observations (1814 enterprises * 5 years). Research methods: regression analysis of panel data, models with random effects. The dependent variable is the net return on assets. Results: we found that effectiveness and sustainability have a highly significant positive impact on the efficiency (profitability) of enterprises in high-tech sectors of Russia in a crisis. Further research revealed a parabolic relationship (inverted U shape) between the share of borrowed capital in the balance sheet and profitability, as well as between the size of the enterprise and profitability. It is shown that enterprises with high stability of revenue dynamics can achieve higher profitability with effective management of the capital structure. Moreover, capital structure management strategies will be different depending on the stability of revenue dynamics. The maximum profitability values are shown by medium-sized enterprises. High revenue stability provides a slower decrease in profitability for large and small enterprises. The obtained patterns can be used by enterprises of high-tech sectors to increase the efficiency of their activities in the conditions of economic instability.

The dependence of the average water level in the Ob River at the Novosibirsk water post on the discharge rate to a hydroelectric power station is being investigated. The stochastic approach is used to model this dependence. As a result of the analysis of an array of statistical data a two-component mathematical model has been obtained. The simultaneous use of the Probit probability determination model and the construction of a regression straight line result in a nonlinear relationship between the water level and the discharge rate, which allows for a more accurate flood forecast.

The paper groups the evolution of open data development in various concepts which provided this notion with new interpretation and development possibilities. The article is put together as a review of literature according to classical methodology by Webster and Watson - through the lense of previous studies, theories and practices towards the search of new solutions. Development of the initiatives concerning open data follows the principles of dialectical development in spiral order, with ups and downs on each turn. Although such projects are more successful in countries with stable democratic system, they also have a significant impact on data management in developing economies.

The article deals with issues related to the distribution, use and placement of us scientific personnel at the current stage of scientific and technical development of the American society. Based on the materials and methods of American statistics, the authors made an attempt to reveal the modern peculiarities of involving the most qualified category of human resources of the American economy in social production, to assess the structural proportions in the distribution and use of scientists and engineers in specific sectors of scientific activity, to identify regional differences in their territorial location. The analysis of the current structure of scientific and technical personnel made it possible to find out what significance the existing structure has in terms of attracting highly qualified personnel to the United States.

This article addresses issue of readiness of sphere of small and medium business for digital transformation and for functioning in the digital economy. The main problems are highlighted in development of considered sphere in field of digitalization. The directions of digital transformation of small and medium business were presented in the article. The relevance of considering problem of integrating digital technologies and services in small and medium businesses is explained. The article discusses digital transformation in context of regional development, using example of the Tula region.

This paper gives a brief description of the being created system of information support for innovation activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is built as an information portal, that provides navigation in the national and global information space through the provision of metadata about information resources, relevant to the user’s task. The corporate knowledge management system is considered as a component of the information infrastructure for supporting innovation. An approach to the management of polythematic knowledge is proposed, envisaging the representation of knowledge, based on the use of classification type languages. In this case, a thematic rubricator is introduced into the ontology model instead of a thesaurus, where each category (rubric) has its own code, name and set of keywords, characterizing its thematic content. The proposed joint use of thematic rubrics of Russian State rubricator of scientific-engineering information and All-Russian institute of scientific and engineering information allows increase the degree of accuracy of the knowledge presentation, as well as take advantage of establishing the associative relations between different classification systems. Along with this, there is maintained the possibility of a verbal knowledge description in terms of keywords, characterizing the content of subject entries and words from the rubrics titles.

Traffic sign recognition systems require a high level of responsiveness and accuracy with limited use of computing resources. The process of image pre-processing precedes the process of directly recognizing images, therefore, the recognition results depend on its effectiveness. When conducting pre-processing, it is important to take into account the features of the subject area, within which recognition is performed. The article discusses the process of pre-processing and preparing images in the context of creating a system for recognizing road signs. The main problems that arise during the operation of such a system are identified. Their solutions are proposed. Own combination of these solutions allowed us to create a new system for recognizing road signs, which gives a gain in processing speed by cutting off images of no interest before entering the classifier, and also taking into account the peculiarities of operation in an urban environment - more difficult conditions compared with recognition of road signs on tracks or on artificially created training grounds.

The article considers the evolution of the applied information technologies in the field of accounting automation. Their authorial classification is presented. The features of the applied information technologies are analyzed by the levels of automation of the processes. The place of the automated accounting system in the general information system of modern organization is defined. The conclusions on the prospects for the development of information technologies in accounting are drawn.

The relevance of the article is determined by the need to overcome the existing differences in understanding the subject area of the family studies in Russian sociology today. The aim of the article is a revision of subject boundaries and methodological problems of the family sociology. The novelty of the work is in identifying the externalist and internalist factors that are differentiating the sociological research methodology of marriage and family relations from it’s in other sciences. But currently, there is a tendency to overcome the cognitive one-sidedness of various disciplinary approaches in an attempt to create a comprehensive science of the family.

We analyze a problem of formalization a non-repeated decision-making in entrepreneurship when there are exist alternatives with negative outcomes, or losses, one among which does not have dangerous consequences. We consider a problem of modelling the subset of alternatives as variants of risks combinations, in particular, the choice of an optimal variant of the alternative. The proposed model may be exploited for formal justification of the alternative choice during the early stages of non-repeated.