Comparative characteristics of the fatty acid composition of lipids in factory and wild juveniles of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Z. A. Nefedova, S. A. Murzina, S. N. Pekkoeva, V. P. Voronin, N. N. Nemova
Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk, Rossia
Keywords: атлантический лосось, дикая и заводская молодь, жирные кислоты, Atlantic salmon, wild and factory fish juveniles, fatty acids
Abstract
Differences between a factory and a wild juvenile salmon (fingerlings at the 0+ age and 1+ parrs) were shown in the content of physiologically significant fatty acids and their ratios. Factory juveniles (age 0+ and 1+) have a very low content of a physiologically significant 18:3 n -3 and 20:4 n -6 fatty acids compared with the wild individuals, whereas relatively high amounts of 22:6 n -3 (age 0+) and 18:2 n -6 fatty acids (age 1+) were noted. Simultaneously, the factory juveniles (age 0+ and 1+) differ from the wild juveniles in a lower ratio 18:3 n -3/18:2 n -6 of essential fatty acids (in 7.9 and 6.4-fold, respectively). The ratio of total polyunsaturated fatty acids of n -3/ n -6 families is reliably equal in the wild and the factory fingerlings (age 0+), whereas in parrs (age 1+) it is in 2-fold lower than for the factory fish. A relatively high content of oleic 18:1 n -9 fatty acid and minor 20:1 n -9, 22:1 n -11 fatty acids were found in the factory juveniles, but the level of saturated fatty acids was decreased due to 16:0 and 18:0. A high metabolic rate of fatty acid metabolism in the wild juveniles is evidenced by a higher ratio of 16:0/18:1 n -9 compared to that in the factory fish (1.50 and 1.47 vs 0.84 and 0.46 for fingerlings (age 0+) and parrs (age 1+), respectively. A lower metabolic rate of fatty acid metabolism in the factory juveniles, especially for parrs (age 1+), is accompanied by a high accumulation of their body mass (in 4-fold) compared with the wild individuals of the same age.
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