Assessment of Soil Water Composition Dynamics in the North Taiga Forests at Reduction of Industrial Air Pollution by Emissions of Copper-Nickel Smelters
V. V. ERSHOV1, N. V. LUKINA2, M. A. ORLOVA2, L. G. ISAEVA1, V. E. SMIRNOV2,3, T. T. GORBACHEVA1
1Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems of the Kola Scientific Center, RAS, 184209, Apatity, Akademgorodok, 14а
2enter for Forest Ecology аnd Productivity of RAS, 117997, Moscow, Profsoyuznаya str., 84/32, build. 14
3Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, M. V. Keldysh Branch of IAM, RAS, 142290, Pushchino, Professor Vitkevich str., 1
Keywords: хвойные леса, техногенные дигрессии, атмосферные выпадения, почвенные воды, тяжелые металлы, сульфаты, химические индикаторы, пространственное варьирование, многолетняя динамика, coniferous forests, industrial air pollution, pollution-induced digression, atmospheric deposition, soil waters, heavy metals, sulfates, spatial variation, many-year dynamics
Abstract
This work is aimed at assessing the dynamics of the composition of soil water in coniferous forests subjected to air pollution from copper-nickel smelters “Severonickel” in the Murmansk region. Objects of investigations were the most common in boreal zone spruce forests with dwarf shrubs + green mosses and pine forests with dwarf shrubs + lichens. The obtained results showed a significant intra- (below the crowns and between the crowns) and inter-biogeocoenotic (spruce and pine forests) variation in the composition of atmospheric deposition and soil waters in forests under pollution. Atmospheric deposition of pollutants and leaching their compounds from all soil genetic horizons were tens (sulfates) and hundreds (copper, nickel) times higher than in reference sites, and their fluxes below the crowns were usually more intense than between the crowns. Long-term dynamics (from 1993 to 2012) demonstrated reliable trends in reducing concentrations and leaching sulfates and heavy metals from the soil. The molar ratio of basic cations to aluminum (BC/Al) in soil waters from all soil horizons did not drop to the critical level, whereas for mineral nitrogen the lowest critical level (0.2 mg/l) was exceeded in waters from all horizons at all stages of digression. It has been shown that for early detection of exceedances of critical level for mineral nitrogen in soil waters an evaluation of their composition is necessary not only between the crowns but also below them.
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