Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Mining Sciences 2013 number 5

In the last years there have appeared certain forms of business and usage of land in the subsidiary and country farms. There is shown the dependence of gross output on the kind of managing, and also the incomes of population in the Republic of Tatarstan.

In the article there are considered: the topical problem of improvement of professional skills of the leaders and the personnel in the conditions of transition to market relations, the development of a scheduled system of retraining the experts in the national economy, and the scientific-methodical and information support of the continuous post-graduate education.

The paper describes the essence of management of pedagogues’ work, its peculiarities, concept and values. The stages of the management process are studied. The topicality of the choice of methods is substantiated, and the mechanism of management of pedagogues’ work in primary professional education is described.

There is described in the article a model of professional-pedagogical training of managing and teaching staff in the military higher education institution. This model is designed by the author on the basis of system approach.

The problem of improvement of professional skills of the agricultural personnel is a rather acute one. There is a decline in the number of leaders of the agricultural enterprises who have higher education, and also who possess the experience of management.

The article deals with some aspects of personal and vocational formation of the teacher, who works with disabled children. The article regards the question of continuous vocational training of the teachers-defectologists in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

The author considers the modern professional education as a factor of formation of the students’ personality, their value orientations and aspirations in view of the specificity of their age and sensitive peculiarity. In the article, there is given some differences between individualistic and egoistic orientations of the person; and also there is revealed the interdependence between their formation and the quality of professional education. In that way the author displays the influence of the professional education on the further individual’s formation in the society, the adaptation and the relationship to life values.

In the article the author notes that now practically all natural sciences have adapted, this way or another, the basic ideas of the synergetic world-view to the specificity of their corresponding subject domains. Applications of the self-organization ideas are being actively carried out in the humanitarian knowledge as well. The author shows that in the interpretations of the archaic texts undertaken by Russian symbolists, one can see an approach similar to the synergetic one in the treatment of events described by the ancient authors. For example, the research of the texts of Euripides’ tragedies, created by the antique author on the basis of ancient myths, in I. Annensky’s translations, is the brightest proof of it.

In the article there are considered in detail such provisions of the new Federal law «On Education» as demarcation of powers of federal and regional authorities,тand also participation of institutions of local government, new categories of educational establishments, the conditions for scientific activity in higher education, and the problems of financing. The concrete definition of some clauses of the law «On Education» is offered.

The paper addresses the problem of the philosophical foundations of education. The author argues for the fruitfulness of turning to the philosophy of all-unity, which can become a spiritual basis of the value concepts of education. The article highlights the most topical ideas of N. O. Losskii (as a distinguished representative of the philosophy of all-unity) in line with the identified problem.

In the article there is presented a social-philosophical analysis of the laws of development of social ideas arising on the basis of vital needs of the population of the country; such ideas are designated as need-based ideas. It is substantiated that the need-based ideas pass through the stages of becoming, conceptualization, politicallegal processing and inclusion into the legislative base of the state. But at the stage of political-legal filtration, the ideas can change considerably and the laws can take various forms. Referring to the problems of education, it is important to determine how an educational need-based idea changes during its conceptualization and political-legal processing with the purpose of creation of a law on education, and also what the possible consequences in the society are of the introduction of this or that concrete form of such law.

The article is devoted to the problems of crisis of the university education in Russia, to the place of philosophy in it, as well as to the place of the entire humanitarian component, and also to the problem of substitution of the philosophy by “studying-philosophy”. The author sees the ways of overcoming this crisis, in particular, in the revival and development of the Platonic discourse: Plato’s eidologia as a universal way to self-consciousness of the individual and the state.

In the article there is undertaken the analysis of the crisis state of education in the conditions of society’s informatization. In the author’s opinion, the real basis of the crisis is the change of paradigms of the traditional education. The author considers as the basic determinants of change not only the formation of new paradigms but also the disaccord in the rate of development of the basic elements of educational space: the source of information, the receiver of information and the transferring environment as a set of communicational-informational interactions. The change of paradigms is directly connected with the change of the subjects of education, the basic of which are considered by the author to be the state, civil society and the person. An important factor determining the development of the crisis is the change of the educational space architecture which the author connects with the origination of its new type, the electronic educational space.

There is being carried out in the country a reform of the sector of public and municipal institutions which involves the transition to three main types of institutions: state-owned (public), independent (autonomous) and budget-funded. This reform is realized in accordance with the Federal law No 83-FZ “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in view of improvement of the legal status of public (municipal) institutions”. The article considers the main provisions of the reform and the peculiarities of its implementation in the professional education institutions.

There is substantiated in the article the necessity of creation and practical realization of a system of professional support of the heads of agricultural organizations which can serve as a lever for increasing the efficiency of agrarian manufacture. There are described the first steps in realization of the system, as well as the creation of a database about the heads and their stage-by-stage involving into the individual professional support, and also there are considered the approaches to the efficiency estimation of the system being developed.

A reform of education may be successful only if there is present the modernization targeting, transformation of the educational system to the state which is the most adequate to the world order. To solve this problem we must objectively answer several questions. What are the functions and goals of educational system? What tools are proper for achieving these targets? What are the effectiveness parameters of the education process? How to provide the cadres for education reformation? And finally, what is the price of denial to take the global challenges? The article analyzes two basic education models, quality of the proposed educational innovations, the influence of cultural surroundings on this process and the role of the state.

There are considered the major causes of the present-day discrepancy between the quality of training of the higher education graduates and the qualifying requirements of modern economy. There are formulated the most important tasks of strategic character, towards the solving of which there should be directed an efficient mechanism of adaptation of the higher education system to the needs of Russian businesses.

The purposes of the article include: — to analyze the system of higher education in the USA at its core levels, — to describe the American university and the organization of teaching there, — to indicate the main problems that the Russian intellectual can confront there. The main topic of the article is the formation of a universal educational environment as a union of different international formats. The paper is a combination of informative and analytical pieces in which the contribution of the author is the explication of the problems of cultural and professional integration of Russian teachers into American educational environment.

The authors indicate that to the process of upbringing there has always been paid a significant attention as to one of the major factors of successful development of the state. Deep socio-cultural changes in a social system always entail the search for new approaches in the upbringing system. The upbringing, directed toward the future but abstracted from socialization of the person, can lead to severe conflict of the person with the conditions of its life activity. In modern conditions, upbringing should be one of the factors of sustainable development of the society and state.

In the article there is revealed the economic image of the future world. The assumption is made that the economic development is on its own a self-regulating system. The global financial activity has turned out to be outside of any state both public control, and the world acquires new features and new forms. In the opinion of the author, globalization will come to an end, and there be other post-global time, in which the main actor of history will be the post-person with his/her values, traditions, habits and the world picture.

The problem of upbringing, of the person becoming a citizen, a human being of high morals is presently becoming the most significant for the modern society. The processes of globalization and informatization in the world have not passed without a trace for the culture; they have caused a socio-cultural shift. The authors indicate that domestic education needs to include deep studying of Russian culture and, first of all, Russian language, literature, history, painting in order to strengthen the national cultural consciousness.

In the article we are talking about humanities as an instrument to cultivate thesoul of human being. It is noted that this cultivation of the soul presupposes theknowledge of what is human being, which is his/her measure and the nature.However, in the process of historical development, the measure of human beingbecomes vanishing, the nature of human being becomes blurred, and his/her wholeness is damaged. That is why, in modern conditions the cultivation of theperson’s soul grows into a serious problem, requiring the detailed and comprehensivethinking over.

The article explores the interdependence of the world development problems andthe modern system of language education. At the present stage, language educationforms the person’s ability to be socially mobile in the society, to enter freely the openinformation space. Since the formation of the person takes place through the dialogueof cultures (the native and the foreign ones), the process of foreign language educationshould be carried out in the dialogue between two worlds (the world of native and ofthe foreign culture).

The meaning in the field of the foreign language knowledge is revealed as one-toone correspondence between the need for such knowledge and the real opportunitiessatisfying them. Knowledge as a potential opportunity becomes true only as the resultof actualization of its potential. The foreign language knowledge of the students ofnon-language departments has mainly a potential character. To satisfy the needs intrue language knowledge, it is necessary to introduce new actualizing opportunities into the teaching.

Water vapor line broadening coefficients induced by carbon dioxide are important for different problems of atmospheric physics, astrophysics, and laser physics. Line widths of H₂O–CO₂ were computed by a semi-empirical method for rotational quantum numbers J from 0 till 20. The temperature dependence was investigated and the temperature exponents for every transition were calculated.

The CO₂ absorption is measured in the 8000 cm^–1 region, calculation of the absorption coefficient is performed using the asymptotic line wing shape theory with fitting to the experimental data. Calculated coefficient values agree well with the measured data. According to the line wing theory the absorption in the band wings is conditioned by the wings of the strong lines of the near band. Within the framework of the theory, experimental and calculated data on the CO₂ absorption coefficient in the wings of two bands in the 8000 cm^–1 region can provide the information about the line shape at frequency detunings corresponding to several tens of half-widths. The results obtained support the hypothesis that line shape parameters in the line wings related to the transitions with the same initial state appear to be close to each other. The expression of the spectral line shape at large frequency detunings may be useful for modeling the radiative transfer in the atmospheric windows of the planets with significant CO₂ content.

Results of calculation of the mean intensity and deviation from the rectilinear direction of propagation of the optical beam crossing a shock wave at the beginning of a path in a homogeneous medium are present. It is shown that the spatial inhomogeneity of the refractive index of air in the area occupied by a shock wave in the vicinity of a conical body moving with the supersonic speeds can cause focusing effect on a beam intersecting shock wave. Magnitude of angular displacements of a beam, crossing shock wave, depends only on the height above the Earth's surface at which the shock wave is formed. The impact of shock wave on a beam crossing it decreases with the height increase.

The results of synchronous optical and meteorological measurements of Fried's coherence length on Big solar vacuum telescope are presented. The decrease of this parameter in winter time was detected. Spectra of wind speed and temperature inhomogeneities at the time of Fried parameter measurements were investigated.

The paper analyzes structural functions of air temperature in the ground surface layer over an inhomogeneous surface. Three main types of structural functions are separated based on processing of experimental data. Parameterization models for these three types of structural functions are proposed in the shift range corresponding to the inertial range of turbulence. The frequency of occurrence of the separated types of structural functions in different seasons at the observation site over an urbanized territory is estimated.

The paper presents statistics of parameters entering into analytical equations for structural functions of air temperature in the ground surface layer over an inhomogeneous underlying surface. The main attention is paid to analysis of histograms of these parameters. A rather high degree of variability of the parameters is noticed, which is connected, in particular, with the observation site and with the height of installation of the measuring instrument. The relation between parameters of the structural functions and standard deviations of the wind velocity and air temperature is considered briefly.

An original method of acoustic sounding of the outer scale of dynamic turbulence is suggested in the paper. An adaptive algorithm, developed by the authors, was used for interpretation of results of acoustic sounding. The efficiency of the suggested method is confirmed by a comparison of the results obtained with the data available from the literature.

As an example of practical application of femtosecond systems in problems of remote sensing is a comparison of the emission spectra of green plant leaf irradiated by femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) lasers. The prospect of remote lidar studies of natural objects, using femtosecond laser systems, aimed at determination of their microelemental and molecular composition is shown.

The experimental results on investigation of the emission spectra of sea aerosol under action of femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser pulses of 800 and 400 nm wavelengths are presented. It is shown that emission of a sodium line at 588.9 nm is observed during irradiation by the first harmonic of radiation, while fluorescence of the organic matters dissolved in sea water is excited by the second harmonic.

Using data of IR transmittance spectra of aerosol samples and data of measurements of surface aerosol optical characteristics at Zvenigorod Scientific Station, a statistical relation of the Hänel parameter of condensation activity to air relative humidity and essential chemical components of aerosol, such as sulphates, nitrates, and minerals in particles with diameters of 1–2 mm, is studied. The Hänel parameter of surface aerosol containing nitrates has been shown to decrease with the increase of the relative humidity of air. The increase in portion of nitrates in micron particles results, probably, in a few increase in the Hänel parameter. The presence of poorly soluble mineral particles in 2-mm fraction of aerosol results in the decrease in Hänel parameter. Values of the Hänel parameter characteristic for sulphate aerosol are, probably, concluded within 0.4–0.6. Seasonal changes in the Hänel parameter are caused in part by changes in chemical composition of aerosol.

A comparison of calculation and measurement results of downward solar radiation fluxes at the Earth's surface, made in the cloudless atmosphere in summer of 2010–2012, in the background area of the boreal zone of Siberia (Tomsk) is presented. The comparison is made taking into account instrumental accuracy and errors in determining the atmospheric characteristics. To set the aerosol optical characteristics, ground-based photometric measurements data, obtained at the Tomsk site of AERONET network were used. It is shown that the relative differences in the simulated and experimental values of the fluxes of direct and total radiation is on average less than 1% and 3%, respectively.

The paper presents the data of observations of solar UV-B and total radiation in Tomsk (56.5°N, 85.1°E) in 2003–2012. The total solar radiation was measured by Yanishevsky pyranometer M-115M. The UV-B radiation, using the UVB-1 pyranometer. The Brewer MKIV S/N 049 spectrophotometer was used for total ozone and spectral UV radiation observations. The measurements of solar UV-B radiation and total ozone during the emergence and development of the ozone negative anomaly in spring of 2011 are discussed. The results of the spectral measurements of UV-B, UV-A radiation and total ozone data obtained during the spring ozone anomaly in 2011 are compared with observations in the same period of 2010. The 2010 ozone and UV radiation data have been taken as the most similar to long-term averaged norm for comparison. In 2011, during the reported period, exceeded values of daily doses of UV-B radiation reached 40%, and 36% of erythemal radiation. It is shown that the main contribution to the change in the values of UV-B radiation was made by significant reduction in total ozone relative to long-term norms. It is also shown that for certain regions of the spectrum (290–325 nm), the influence of such factors as cloud cover and surface albedo could partially or fully compensate for the increase in UV radiation, caused a significant drop in total ozone.

This paper considers the computational model to calculate the field of sky brightness in the atmosphere, caused by a single-scattered solar radiation in the visible range of the spectrum. The numerical simulation model of homogeneous layers of the atmosphere with altitude distribution coefficients of molecular and aerosol scattering and absorption is used. The calculation is performed in three spectral bands R, G, B, comparable to human vision and photographic recording.

The comprehensive experimental studies into the change in the stress–strain state of rock specimens subjected to uniaxial loading until failure using automated digital speckle photography analysis shows that when stress reaches 50% of the limit strength of the specimens, low-frequency micro-deformation processes begin in the specimens under slow (quasi-static) stiff loading. Amplitude of the deformation-wave processes depends on the level of the pre-set macro-loading. Wave packets are plotted for averaged micro-strains obtained in sandstone and marble specimens under uniaxial compression. Fourier transforms are used to define amplitude–frequency characteristics of four micro-deformation stages: elastic, nonlinearly elastic, post-peak and residual strength regions. Elastic oscillations with frequency of 0.5–4 Hz appear at pre-failure stage and continue at post-peak loading stage.

The authors calculate possible errors in characterization of low-magnitude seismicity sources using the Brune model and methods of seismic event energy class and local magnitude definition. The adequacy of the model has been proved by comparing its results with the recordings of seismic vibrations in the North Ural Bauxite Mine. The errors due to the drastic distortion of emission spectrum become significant at the distance of 1000 m from the emission source and grow as the distance increases. Cases of great deviations from the similarity law are analyzed based on actual seismic monitoring in the North Ural Bauxite Mine, in mines in Poland, Finland and Canada, as well as in water basins. It is shown that phenomena due to physical difference of various size fracturing dynamics do not radically change seismic source capacity. Other causes, due to instrumentation shortcomings or incorrect data interpretation, may result in overestimated seismic energy and scaling-up of low-magnitude seismic events.