Home – Home – Jornals – Professional Education in the Modern World 2011 number 2

There is considered in the article the state of modern vocational training in the world, the basic tendencies of its development, which are connected, first of all, with the economic aspects of the society development, adaptation of the education system to the market relations. There is emphasized the necessity of revaluation of the traditional concept of an institute of vocational training on the basis of its ontological bases. There are discussed the specificities of the vocational training development in the system of the world economic and social tendencies of the society development.

Analyzing the development of the institute of higher education, the author notices that modern education is no longer understood as a narrow sphere of social structure; it is included in a wider context of the entire socio-cultural life. The educational environment, according to the author, should be thought of as an integrally organized space providing not adaptation but integration of person’s own values and cultural meanings with the values and cultural meanings of the society. It is underlined that the given tendency of development of modern institute of education is especially important for the development of education in the regions.

In the article there is given an analysis of the problem of reforming the system of domestic education, both general and professional. It is underlined that the essence of the occurring changes consists in transition from the so-called knowledge-based to the competence model of the education system. Moreover, competence assumes the presence of a subject domain (where the action realization is possible), an ability (as the own, internal potentiality of the subject for the action) and the external authorization (permission) for the action performance. Distinguishing these components shows how complicated competence is and how carefully one has to approach its studying.

The article offers a socio-philosophical analysis of some aspects of the modern Russian education transformation. The theoretical propositions are applied to such innovative projects of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation as the draft of the new Law on Education and the Law no. 83 (on the legislative modernization of the state institutions). Drawing on the theoretical statements of optimology, social philosophy, sociology and statistics, the authors conclude that not all of the innovative projects turn out to meet the challenges of modern reality. The author proposes some principles, on the basis of which it may be possible to overcome the crisis situation in education.

In the article an analysis is undertaken of the innovative processes in modern educational sphere. Their ontological, gnoseological and methodological aspects are revealed. It is noted that the innovative reality is a synthesis of the necessary components of the society, resulting in their systemic interaction characterized by self-organization and, accordingly, the sinergetic laws of development. According to the author, the problem of integration of education both in the world and on the regional scale, the problem of unity of unification and diversification of education should be resolved while taking into account the laws of the big system integration. It is underlined that the innovative processes in education on the regional scale occupy a special place in the socio-cultural development of the society.

The purpose of the article is to reveal the philosophical and educational aspects of creation of an optimal model of training of a specialist in the system of higher economic professional education. There is proposed an author’s model of optimization of higher economic education taking into consideration the social conditions of forming the contingent for education, the philosophical and methodological analysis of educational process, the feedback of the higher education institution with the economic entities and their requirement for the professional economist. The author considers this problem from the positions of the philosophy of education. There are indicated the philosophical and methodological, social pedagogical, axiologicaland praxiological aspects of the model.

The authors concentrate their attention on one of the topical problems of hermeneutics: determination of meaning in the field of training. Without its solution it is impossible to construct interpretation of texts in the course of training of the foreign student in the Russian higher education institution. The authors assign a special importance to the problem of dialogue between cultures, the important conditions of which are tolerance, the ability of adequate perception of the features of another culture and mentality. At the philosophical level, these problems concern hermeneutics in the field of understanding of the world and the person by means of text interpretation. According to the authors, in education, the means and the features of communication process for identical social tasks may vary depending on the potential possibilities of psychological orientation of the students. As it is underlined in the article, the personalityfocusedcommunication is needed as a process of actualization of these potential possibilities.

In the article there are analyzed the problems and prospects of the professional skills improvement of the agriculture specialists. Over the last thirty years there has been formed in the Russian society the understanding that the domestic agriculture is not only a foundation of increasing the living standards and health of the Russians but also an assurance of the food safety of the state, its independence in the world community. Such understanding of the importance of agricultural production has caused a sharp increase in the quantity of innovations in the agrarian sector; but this has resulted in the problem of the personnel retraining. The authors underline that solving the arising problems requires a complex approach.

In the article we consider the peculiarities of historical cognition in the conditions of globalization. One of the most important characteristics of globalization is a force-based interpretation of history. We prove that it is performed in the interest of the globalization subjects, i.e., the leading Western countries at the expense of the countries of «the Second and Third Worlds»; and that is why the ideologists of globalization are not interested in the objective studying the historical past. They consider history in its euro-centric version, based on mondialistic tendencies, justifying aggressive ambitions of the globalization initiators; and the result of it is a threat of losing the socio-cultural essences by some societies.

The question is raised about the compatibility of the current reforms with the fundamental instincts, our cultural stereotypes and pedagogic foundations. The European education system is aimed at training the competitive participant of the manufacturing process. The educational tradition of the East has for an object formation of the socialized person, capable of establishing harmony with his/her own conscience and surrounding Nature. Comparison of two educational systems reveals their fundamental divergences, the conclusion being that Westernization will not make Russian education more effective.

The article deals with the concept and the structure of a new educational technology, e-learning, in the Russian educational system. There are considered the advantages of this technology in comparison with the traditional techniques.

The article deals with the analysis of the pseudoscience influence on education. The goal of the article is to study the impact of the so-called «religious sciences» on education on the basis of the analysis of new international documents and the activity of creationists, as well as the adherents of the «Islamic science».

The goal is to present some technologies of improving the methodological competences of teachers in their fostering spiritual and moral values of students. In the article the author describes the problems of the high-quality fulfillment of the educational tasks, standing before the modern teacher; the teacher’s personal characteristics necessary for efficient realization of the process of spiritual and moral upbringing; and the types of the teacher’s competences. There is presented an author’s technology of improving the methodological competences which includes: writing down a methodological theme, organizing a psychological-pedagogical concilium, methodological training of tutors, working in a research laboratory, creating the teacher’s methodological diary (portfolio).

In the article there are examined the problems of scientific research of the methodological foundations of professional formation of the school’s pedagogical team. The specificities of the methodological foundations demand philosophical development of the professional bases of the research. The author makes a theoretical reflection on a new mission and new purpose of education. The main attention is paid to the approaches which form a scientific basis for the formation of the school’s pedagogical team. In the article the principles of studyingthe professional formation of the pedagogical team, which would be adequate for the current situation, are formulated by analyzing the conditions of development and the tendencies of the pedagogical team considered as a component of culture.

In the article there are analyzed some reasons of discrepancy between the quality of higher education and the job market needs, as well as the ways of resolving this problem. In particular, there is offered a marketing conception of improvement of the educational services quality for the Institute of Advertising and Public Relations (Novosibirsk Teachers’ Training University). The aim of this conception is to form loyalty of consumers and staff-members of the higher educational establishment. It presupposes introduction of the main marketing management principles, taking into consideration the peculiarity of the educational sphere. The main recommendations include: formation of the corporative culture on the basis of marketing thinking of the entire staff of the higher educational establishment; improvement of the career development system; building a new system of relations with the customers (including employers).

This work is devoted to studying the problem of interrelation between the stylistic characteristics of activity, such as cognitive styles, and the features of personal selfrealization. The author investigates several groups of people with various cognitive styles in the relation with their personal characteristics reflecting the features of selfrealization. The author propounds descriptions of the self-realization features of people with different cognitive styles.

There is considered in the article the problem of development of the pedagogical technologies of enriching the individual experience of students on the basis of revealing various interpretations of the notion of “pedagogical technology”, its forms, structural components, indications and classifications of pedagogical technologies. The socialeconomicrequirements of the society, general directions of pedagogy in the XXI century, social demands to school, manifold approaches to the definition of “personality” are reflected upon. An author’s definition of the notion of “personality” is suggested. It is substantiated that individual experience is a condition for manifestation and realization of individuality; a solution is proposed to the problem of development of the pedagogical technologies of enriching students’ individual experience.

The article is devoted to studying the philosophical, psychological and pedagogical bases of the notion of “creative activity” and the categories, which are closely connected with this notion such as personality, creativity, activity, upbringing of the creatively active personality, etc. The universal and phenomenal features of this notion are analyzed, and the characteristic of its essence and content is given.

In the article there are presented the general psychological aspects of studying the phenomenon of person’s life self-fulfillment. The concept of “person’s life self-fulfillment” is differentiated from the positions of philosophical,acmeological and psychological contexts. The theoretical-methodological substantiation of posing the problem of life self-fulfillment in psychology is given. It is shown that person’s life self-fulfillment, acting as a subject of psychological knowledge, is a process based on transformation of human opportunity into potentiality, that is, into the forces taking the person outside the limits of his/her existence at those points, sectors, and segments of the life world where the human environment corresponds to his/her opportunities of appearance of new (value and meaning-related) dimensions.

In the article there are determined the main reasons of origination of juveniles’ asocial behavior and described the mechanisms of its formation. The systematization is carried out of the material concerned the reasons of origination of juvenile’s asocial behavior. The risk of the asocial behavior origination is considerably higher in the adolescent age. The important reasons of its origination are the peculiarities of the adolescent age, which result in sharp reactions to the surroundings. The problems in communication of the child with parents, peers and teachers become a significant factor of origination of asocial behavior.

The article is devoted to the comparative historic-conceptual analysis of the social creative process of the civic volunteer initiatives of the youth in Russia and abroad. There is considered the 20th century retrospect and the modern state of development of the process of civic initiatives in the context of social education in Russia. There are studied the concepts of leisure and the social-cultural development of the society and the youth in the foreign scientific tradition, the volunteer movement abroad in the framework of charitable and civic activities. There are also analyzed the spatiotemporal continuum of leisure and the development of civic initiatives of the youth in the Russian educational institutions.

The influence of globalization on social and economic processes is complex: as the positive features of globalization we should indicate activation of contacts between countries in the field of information, culture, science and education. As a process of development, globalization includes two opposite sides: on one hand, an integration component acts, and, on the other, a disintegration one, generated by the aggressive character of imposing integration. There grows the tendency of the education evolution towards expansion of paid education which turns into a sphere of services for the population. The globalization tendencies in education consist in organic connection between manufacture – sciences – education, transformation of manufacture into a large-scale innovative process, and origination of a new way of manufacture based on information technologies.

In the article there are considered some topical problems of training specialists in the Russian system of education. The author raised the problem of the theoreticalmethodological and practical-scientific bases of their legislative regulation and practical realization in the federal state educational standards, the educational programs and training courses.

In the paper there is shown the importance of creation of a new innovative system of vocational counseling, preparation and retraining of the personnel. Some experimental educational platforms have been created, and some work is under way for the creation of a multipurpose consumer agricultural co-operative, which includes, besides the entrepreneurs of small and middle agricultural business, the personal mini-farms of the population.

In the article, on the basis of analysis of the official documents of the Bologna Process, there is revealed the content of the «Bachelor», «Master», and «Doctor» degrees. The typology of the Bologna degrees is given, including the research and professionally oriented ones. There is substantiated the structure of the Bologna degrees of initial, middle, higher and postgraduate vocational training. There are shown some possible variants of correlation between Bologna degrees and the qualifications and degrees of vocational environmental training, accepted in the Russian Federation.

The article analyses the pedagogic engineering of the student development through the prism of anthropocentrism, synergetics and humanism. Actualization of the philosophic ideas in consideration of a given pedagogic event allows to emphasize the basic requirements to arrangement of pedagogic participation in the professional development of the secondary school student and to construct a strategy of transforming actions.

The article shows a specific character of “innovation” in pedagogical and socialphilosophical aspects. The authors introduce such consideration that allows resolving the contradictions that have arisen recently between theory and methodology of consideration of this concept in pedagogy and social philosophy. The authors think that consideration of this specific notion in philosophy of education as a new area of social knowledge can serve as an integrating moment in removing these contradictions. The authors of the article do not pose a problem of giving a complete definition of this concept; however, some separate aspects, being discussed in the article, can form a basis for the future work.

In clause the problem of folding of modern social institute of higher education is analyzed. It is marked, that the special role in this process is played with the global educational processes formed on the basis of modern information technologies. The main criteria of development of higher education as social institute at the present stage become: uniform approaches to the maintenance, methods and means of educational process; new forms of co-operation in formation, projects and programs; developing «global information space».

The anthropological and discursive dominants of the education modernization are distinguished. The «discourse», «anthropological discourse», «discourse in pedagogy», «anthropological discourse in pedagogy» terms are considered, while taking into consideration their role in modernization processes. The specificity of modernization of modern Russian education is represented within the framework of anthropological discourse in pedagogy as a reference point for the development of pedagogical theory andpractice.

The productive development of the activity of agrarian-industrial complex presupposes the competent management which is impossible without the information on the object itself and the changes, occurring in the world around. Information becomes an important means of management. There exists an entire industry of information technologies, which is called to process, store, change, make available, protect, analyze information, etc. Therefore, the information technologies training within the system of professional training of the staff for agrarian-industrial complex is one of the primary tasks.

Humanitarian education in modern society plays an important aesthetic and ethical role in the upbringing of the spiritually-developed generation. Formation of the axiological reference points is a priority goal of the educational system of the country.

In the article there is substantiated a thesis that fundamentalization of education acquires a humanistic meaning, provided it is complemented by a creative component. The author thinks that the development of creativity of thinking has the meaning and status of the major basis and precondition of modernization of the content of education and formation of a model of innovative education. The author notices that the concept of “creativity” includes a number of cogitative qualities, thanks to which realization of creative process is possible.

In the article the author tries to show the significance of Philosophy in the educational process by means of considering the notions from the Philological field such as “language”, “natural language”, “Russian language”, “English language” etc., from Computer Science field, such as “artificial language”, “Pascal”, “Basic” etc. as philosophical categories of the general, special and particular. The author analyses the unity of the plans of contents (logic) and forms (grammar), ascertains the correlation, gives the classification of specific natural and artificial languages. The information given in the article can be used by the teachers of Russian and foreign languages, Computer Science.

The authors address the problem of culture in the conditions of globalization. Dialogue of cultures is put forward as a factor of the West and East rapprochement, which is very important in modern conditions. In the article the role of Russia is considered. The two in-one nature of its culture allows it to become some kind of an intermediary between the East and West in the formation of a uniform civilization. The conclusion is made that dialogue of cultures in the modern globalized world has become reality, and it is one of important conditions of self-preservation of mankind.

The species diversity and quantity of zooplankton in the middle and lower reaches of the Vasyugan River, as well as in the estuaries of major tributaries were studied. Change in the dominant species complex in comparison with the data obtained 50 and 10 years ago was detected. There is a succession of plankton community, perhaps related to global warming and restructuring of the entire ecosystem of the Vasyugan land. Oil pollution of the river was not revealed with bio-indication methods.

Data on the seasonal variations in the populations of Arachnida, Opiliones in a yew-boxtree grove in the Caucasus State Natural Biosphere Reserve are presented. The structure of populations, seasonal changes in populations were studied. Data on the distribution and occurrence of Arachnida, Opiliones are presented.

Investigations are carried out in the area adjacent to the Teletskoe Lake of the Altai Reserve. Check-lists of species for studied habitats and their comparative analysis are given. The previous data about spiders fauna of the Altai Reserve are supplemented by 39 species. Three species are newly recorded for Altai Mts. Dominant species complexes are revealed. Peculiarities of seasonal dynamics of population for the order as a whole and for separate herpetobiont spiders groups are considered.

The content of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium in the haemolymph of the river crayfish caught naturally, was maintained at the levels of 178.0 ± 2.5, 7.1 ± 0.5, 17.3 ± 0.7, 3.0 ± 0.1 mmol/l, respectively. It is shown that the threshold concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium in water, determining the borders of the area of river crayfish in fresh water reservoirs, make 0.0087–0.0174, 0.0046–0.0087, 0.0105–0.0222, 0.0012–0.0033 mmol/l, respectively. Reduction of water mineralization was accompanied by essential increase in the gradients of cation concentrations between an organism and the environment, strengthening the load on the systems of water-salt exchange maintenance. The comparative analysis on the threshold concentration obtained for river crayfish, roach, perch, goldfish, crucian, two species of two-folding molluscs and filamentous alga Spirogyra is carried out.

The influence of Daphnia exposure conditions on the feeding rate and sensibility to heavy metals was studied. To record the feeding rate of Daphnia, we used the changes of the intensity of zero level of rapid fluorescence of alga which was used as feed. The optimal conditions (stocking density, the age of test organisms, feeding schedule and exposure time) which provide the high level of feeding rate and sensibility of Daphnia to pollution were determined. The experiment design proposed includes at first the exposure of Daphnia to the toxic pollutant, and then Chlorella suspension is introduced into water solution.

Quantitative studies of the population of mollusks in the herbaceous layer were carried out during the years 2006–2008 in secondary dry meadows in the gradient of pollution with the emissions from the Middle Ural Copper Smelter (Revda, Sverdlovsk Region). The number of mollusks at the territory with moderate pollution is decreased by a factor of 1,3 in comparison with the reference regions. In the direct vicinity of the smelter, mollusks in the grass stand disappear completely. The reasons of the change of the structure of mollusk population may be the toxic effect of heavy metals under the conditions of acidification of environment, the lack of available Ca due to its removal from the upper soil horizons by washing out, depletion of the species diversity and simplification of the architecture of meadow grass stand, causing modification of the hydrothermal regime in the herbaceous layer. A combination of these types of action is likely to cause elimination of the mollusks of herbaceous layer, which is not observed in the case when the environment is polluted only with heavy metals.