Home – Home – Jornals – Professional Education in the Modern World 2013 number 3

The early XXI century is marked by actualization of relationships between diasporas, host and home countries. This article reviews that kind of relationships through the example of Korean Russians. Korean Russians have had a big experience of transnational activity, they have been living in Russia for a long time, and during the last decade they have been participating in diasporic strategies of Republic of Korea. This paper examines these strategies of transnational relationships with the home country.

The paper characterizes an ideal image of a missionary priest in Siberia, which was constructed on pages of the religious orthodox periodical press. Its studying allowed to understand what qualities a missionary priest acting in Siberia had to possess and which goals could be achieved owing to those qualities. The ideal constructed by the orthodox periodical press not always coincided with reality, but it impelled a missionary priest to long for self-perfection necessary for his successful activity.

Notions of the sacred significance of mountain peaks and their “inhabitants”, mountain spirits, are one of the best preserved parts Khakassian traditional culture. Data on more than three hundred religious objects connected with the worship of mountains in Khakassia have survived to the present day. One of the main problems connected with protection of the objects of religious worship is their unclear legal status in the regional legislation of Khakassia. However, the open-air museums of Khakassia have accumulated positive experience in the sphere of museumification of religious objects of worship. The paper deals with analysis of these practicies. Specific character of these practices lies in the fact that preservation and actualization of such objects is a contributing factor to the ethnic group’s consolidation of, the incentive to strengthen its ideology.

The article traces formation of critical approach to studying the Russian chronicles in the XVIII - 1 ^st half of the XIX Century)

The article considers the history of edition of printed materials by the Left-wing radical political organizations in Russia in the last decade XX – the first decade of the XXI century is considered. It highlights specifics of contents and forms of release of the ultra-communist press in the modern context.

The article considers activities of Russia’s oldest bookselling enterprise - Krasnoyarsk library collector during the post-Soviet period (1991–2012). It describes the history of successful survival of the former socialist enterprise (one of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Bookstore’s units) in the transition to the market economy.

The paper analyzes the phenomenon of cross-border (transnational) education, thriving in the conditions of informatization of the modern world community. The authors examine the positive and negative consequences of the process of cross-border education in relation to the Russian educational space. Among them an urgent modern problem is considered of the relationship between national educational spaces and preservation of national security. The authors, detailing the identified problems, emphasize the insufficient use of international definitions and terminology for the analysis of cross-border education and for the analysis of competitiveness of Russia in this area of educational services. The authors believe that as the cross-border education is an obvious challenge to national educational systems, then the cross-border education research and monitoring of its development is urgently needed due to political reasons as well.

In the article an evaluation is given to the general condition of the geopolitical theory. The author examines the history of geopolitical science through the prism of ImreLakatos’ methodology of scientific research programs. The author draws a conclusion that in contemporary geopolitics there exist the theories that correspond to the modern science standards, and the geopolitical aspect is one of the bases for consideration of many problems of the history of humanity.

There are analyzed in the article the ontological aspects of foresight and its origins as applied to the sphere of domestic education. It is substantiated that foresight is a logical continuation of the philosophical direction of constructivism. Foresight creates a new multidisciplinary picture of the constructed social reality, which creates a new perspective on old concepts and creates the multi-disciplinary mental attitudes including the attitudes of «here and now». A feature of the foresight-design of the Russian education is to bring all aspects of the educational system of Russia to the Anglo-Saxon standards based on the thesis about the increasing competition in the context of globalization. In Russia there will take place significant changes which will create whole new formats of education, business opportunities and new education policy.

The author presents his vision of the problems of teaching philosophy within the framework of the Bachelor Degree program. The author demonstrates the necessity of replacing the topic «History of philosophy» with the topic «Basic paradigms of philosophy», due to the fact that now there is much less time allocated for studying philosophy. The author suggests a three-module model of studying philosophy that includes an intramural testing system as a form of control and evaluation of the current and final academic performance of students.

In the article there is considered the problem of origination and development of modern sociological concepts of society. There are shown the similarities and differences between the global sociological models of paternalism and elitism (liberalism) that form different strategies of global society: the noosphere one and the elite-sphere one. It is noted that, in different conceptual models and sociological strategies, the social spheres, including the educational one, are transformed differently. For the first concept there is characteristic a holistic concept of universal education of the civil society, while for the second one, the elite-mass education of the divided society.

In this article we study the significance of legal education, which is acquiring increasing national importance, because legal education of citizens and legal culture is directly related to the success of the comprehensive reform of Russian society, and this becomes especially important for the implementation of the idea of the rule-of-law state. One of the most important strategic state goals is the creation of a qualitatively new and effective system of legal education.

Certain features and characteristics of elite education are peculiar for Russia: the advanced development of elite education in the educational system; close relationship between the egalitarian and elite education; the absence of competition with the foreign elite higher education institutions; inadequate role in the global education market; uneven distribution of the elite educational institutions in the vast space of Russia; the lack of proper forecasting of elite education; the discrepancy between the popularity of the elite higher education institution with the demand for its graduates in the labor market; significant potential and broad prospects for the development of elite education and others. A philosophical reflection of the state, regularities and prospects of elite education allows revealing the ways to improve it at the present stage, to formulate the main purpose of preparation of the Russian elite: its ascent to a state of independence and freedom in relationship to society, nature and cosmos, in the moral choice decisions.

The authors examine the problems of additional vocational training in conjunction with the general problems of education, emerging in the information age. The emphasis is made on the change in the function of additional professional education; the authors believe that today continuous vocational education is becoming a preferred form of the educational process, which is acquiring a continuous character. A brief analysis of the problems facing the additional professional education in the conditions of informatization leads the authors to believe in the necessity of organizing a system of professional accreditation of the institutions of additional vocational education. As the basis of such accreditation there should act the thematic expert councils together with the representatives of the educational community. This will allow integrating the additional vocational education into the lifelong learning, as well as optimizing its quality. In general, it will strengthen the competitiveness of Russian education in the world market of educational services.

The recession of the economy of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia is conditioned, in particular, by substantial outflow of cadres from the agricultural sphere, inability of a considerable part of the heads of agricultural organizations to work in the new economic conditions, in particular, connected with Russia’s joining the World Trade Organization. Therefore, the Government of the Russian Federation has launched a number of projects to help strengthening the agricultural economy: the target programs, national projects, support measures etc. At the same time, it is necessary to undertake a number of steps promoting increasing the professional level of the workers of agrarian-industrial complex, to provide their qualification growth and to facilitate mastering and, hence, advancement of innovations into manufacturing of agricultural production. The leading role belongs here to the heads of agricultural organizations. To find approaches to reorganization of additional education of the heads of agricultural organizations, the Altai Institute of Professional Development of the Heads and Specialists of Agrarian-industrial Complex has been conducting the research in this area already for a long time. In the article there are presented the results of the latest research conducted by a group of the heads. There are presented the list of questions of the questionnaire, the obtained results, figures and their analysis.

The paper is concerned with the issues related to the training of the management specialists. It is noted that the modern education is based on two components: intellectual and innovative; and the competency building approach is a key requirement to education. Currently the competency building approach is being transferred from educational system into the management system of companies (organizations). Based on the performed study, the paper shows the necessity and feasibility of practical application of the competency building approach.

The article is devoted to a topical problem of providing individualization of educational activity of the student as a condition for increasing the efficiency of higher vocational education at the present stage. In the work, the essence of individualization of educational activity of the student is specified. Based on the resource approach, an idea is proposed about the program-didactic support of individualization of educational activity of the student based on application of modern information- communication technologies in the educational process of the higher education institution. A characteristic is given of the pedagogical conditions under which the described idea will promote increasing the efficiency of higher vocational education.

In the present paper, we consider instrumentation and the experimental procedure for conducting tests in a high-enthalpy short-duration wind-tunnel facility, namely, a hypersonic hot-shot wind tunnel. We consider operation of the hot-shot wind tunnel with the test gas (TG) parameters kept constant during the regime and also operation of the tun-nel as a traditional shock tube with a decay of the TG parameters that occurs as the TG leaves a constant-volume settling chamber. Stabilization of the TG parameters is achieved by using a pressure multiplier installed coaxially with the settling chamber, the configuration presenting a linear arrangement of the two components. Unloading of pressure multiplier dynamic component is achieved by using an equalizer whose piston moves in the opposite direction to the multiplier piston system. Several modes of wind tunnel operation with various combinations of different TG heating methods (electric arc, chemical energy, adiabatic compression, or heating in an external with respect to the settling chamber heat source) are possible. The design of a device responsible for diaphragm breakdown delay is considered. The design and dimensions of the wind tunnel provide for its normal operation under the following conditions: range of Mach numbers М = 4-20, range of settling-chamber temperatures Т_ch1 = 600-4000 K, and settling-chamber pressure р_ch1 up to 200 MPa (in operation with a double settling chamber, the stagnation pressure р_0n = р_ch2 can be varied from 1 to 200 MPa). The settling chamber volume (80-100 dm³) is sufficiently large, allowing obtaining a 1-m diameter hypersonic stream in the test section during ~ 100 ms (in combination with a second settling chamber).

The exergy method is developed for computing the ramjet thrust-economic characteristics with regard for real thermodynamic properties of combustion products when using as fuel the hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuel for the freestream Mach numbers M = 4 ÷ 14. The estimates for the specific impulse of the given engine using the presented technique are shown to agree with the estimates computed by other authors. The computational method is intended for obtaining the ramjet characteristics and conduction of the parameter analysis at the research initial stage as well as for its use at the conceptual developments of hypersonic flying vehicles.

A novel approach to modeling high-temperature nonequilibrium dissociation in air at a level of molecular collisions is proposed. Information on the energy dependence of the specific reaction cross sections, which is necessary for such modeling, is determined numerically from available macroscopic information on the dependence of the reaction rate constant on translational and vibrational temperatures. The results of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) computations show that the proposed model yields a correct reaction rate in vibrational-translational nonequilibrium. The use of the new model in DSMC computations of high-altitude aerothermodynamics results in obtaining a noticeably different flow structure and a higher heat flux, as compared to that predicted by standard DSMC models (such as the total collision energy model).

A physical and mathematical model is developed for heat and mass exchange processes at the absorption of gaseous components from vapor-gas mixtures in bubblers. The intensity of these processes in the foam and centrifugal bubblers depends overall on the conditions of their passing in single bubbles forming on the orifices of gas distribution grates. The constructed model, as was shown by its numerical realization for specific conditions, is confirmed by known experimental data and can be used for engineering computations of thermal and mass exchange parameters of bubblers and the optimization of their operation regimes.

A method for calculation of unsteady 3D turbulent flows in hydro turbines of power plants developed for simulation of the transient processes is presented herein. The method is based on joint solution to the Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes equations for incompressible fluid flow written for moving mesh, the equation of runner rotation and the system of 1D equations describing propagation of elastic hydraulic shock in the flow domain. The exchange in flow parameters between the penstock and hydro turbine regions is considered in this approach. Results of transient processes simulation are presented for several modes: start-up to the turbine regime, instantaneous load shedding, and output power decrease. Comparison with experimental data is performed.

The paper presents an experiment on superheated n-pentane boiling-up in a glass capillary at atmospheric pressure using a high-speed video. The video shooting was first performed in two mutually perpendicular directions. Two obtained images allowed concluding, on which side of the vessel wall the bubble forms, and whether we observe one bubble with an image, deformed due to the curvature of the capillary, or two bubbles located nearby. These data prove the surface (heterogeneous) character of boiling-up.

The article presents additional calculated data on combustion velocity for typical gas mixtures at pressures up to 6000 atm and temperatures up to 4000 K. It was determined that combustion velocity is mainly influenced by initial temperature, and the dependence on pressure is rather low. For fuel-oxygen and air-fuel mixtures in three-dimensional space (pressuretemperaturevelocity of deflagration combustion), we have found a single surface of combustion velocities and continuous dependence of flame velocity on initial conditions.

In the present work, conjugate heat transfer in a rectangular cavity with a heated moving lid is investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The simulations are performed for incompressible flow, with Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 500, thermal diffusivity ratios ranging from 1 to 100, and Prandtl numbers ranging from 0.7 to 7. A uniform heat flux through the top of the lid is assumed. Results show that LBM is suitable for the study of heat transfer in conjugate problems. Effects of the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number and the thermal diffusivity ratio on hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics are investigated and discussed. The streamlines and temperature distribution in flow field, dimensionless temperature and Nusselt number along the hot wall are illustrated. The results indicate that increase of thermal diffusivity yields the removal of a higher quantity of energy from lid and its temperature decreases when increasing the Reynolds and the Prandtl numbers.

An absolutely new setup for production of high-temperature silicate melts with application of energy of low-temperature plasma is considered in this paper. The mathematical model “stream function  vorticity” was developed and numerically implemented in transformed variables. This model describes the unsteady regimes of convective heat transfer in the melting furnace. The effect of time and electric current density on the flow structure and heat transfer was studied. The features of hydrodynamics caused both by unsteady character of the process and significant dependence of thermal-physical characteristics on temperature were identified.

The approach based on relative emissivity was tested and developed using the experimental data. It was assumed that the medium separating an opaque body and measuring device was diathermic or nonradiating (it is characterized by its transmittance); radiation source emissivity and medium transmittance were unknown. Data on comparison of spectral radiances (spectral intensities), obtained within 220–2500 nm for the temperature lamps in the metrological laboratories of Europe, Russia, and USA were used as the initial experimental data. It is shown that the use of relative emissivity allows graphical interpretation for the solution to the initial nonlinear system of equations. In this case, the problem of determining the true temperature of the body by the thermal radiation spectrum in a graphical interpretation is reduced to the choice depending on relative emissivity at the desired temperature. It is shown that to narrow the interval, which includes the true temperature, the criterion was based on a change in convexity of spectral dependence of the relative emissivity in the process of desired temperature selection. The use of relative emissivity in a spectral range, where the Rayleigh—Jeans approximation is satisfied, allows unambiguous determination for the shape of emissivity dependence on the wavelength. The relationship for determination of the peak wavelength within the registered thermal radiation spectrum on the basis of data about the true temperature of the body and its spectral emissivity is presented.

It was found that bulk samples of molybdenum are oxidized by supercritical water forming nanoparticles of monocline MoO₂. The average size of nanoparticles obtained at uniform heating of with supercritical water was about 27 nm, and the size of agglomerates of nanoparticles was ≤ 1 μm. From time dependence of the amount of formed H₂ n_H2 (t), we have determined kinetic parameters of transition to MoO₂ particles. The dependence dn_H2 / dt is characterized by the presence of two pronounced maxima. This is explained by the change of mutual diffusion of H₂ and H₂O molecules along with the growth of thickness of the layer of MoO₂ nanoparticles.

Laser flash method with 2–4% accuracy was used to determine the coefficient of thermal diffusivity of ferrite-martensite steel ChS-139 in temperature range 296–1274 K. Temperatures of Curie and martensite-austenite-martensite phase changes have been determined.

The paper considers the problem of falsification of knowledge within Imre Lakatos’s conception of «scientific research programs». From the standpoint of critical rationalism, it analyzes grounds for formation of new knowledge. It also formulates and gives proof of the assumption that creation of new knowledge becomes possible as a result of two reasons. Firstly, interpretation of a fact (as well as a fact itself) is epistemologically possible due to actuality of a certain presupposition. Secondly, a new presupposition always structures a new concept.

The paper considers two quite authoritative but essentially different modern conceptions of perception cognition, these are the sense data theory and adverbialism. Their confrontation reflects the struggle between emerging consistent monistic views and the dualistic heritage of the past. However, both approaches are not without severe drawbacks. The sense data theory trying to conform to intuitively evident ideas of the structure of cognition processes faces a number of conceptual logical objections. Whereas, adverbialism basing on the contrary on building a consistent procedural epistemology has а great difficulty with the task to explain the phenomenal component of experience.

The paper analyses Isaac Newton’s and Rene Descartes’ views on methodology of physics. Their ideas are considered in the context of the conception of methodological principles and that of historical types of rationality. It makes possible to reveal a number of common features in Newton’s and Descartes’ methodological approaches as well as to state the change of the role of scientific methodological principles when passing from classical type of rationality to non-classical one.

From the standpoint of ontological analysis, the author studies mechanisms of unification of knowledge in the theories of classical physics, viz Newton’s mechanics, Maxwell's electromagnetism and Einstein’s special relativity. He proves that in its essence, a physical theory is a unification of aspects of the world which are under study. The author pays special attention to metaphysical base of theories and physical picture of the world. He shows that in classical physics, there take place reduction and synthesis of metaphysical base both inside theories and on the way from earlier theories to later ones. As a result, there arises continuity between them.

The paper considers potential of philosophy of science in solving basic problems of cosmology. It gives proof to the proposition that the anthropic cosmological principle has neither specific scientific content nor philosophic one but is merely a metaphysical hypothesis.

The paper deals with revelation and study of rational basis in the content of ancient cosmogonical myths of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Greece. The purpose is to retrace correlation of conceptions of the origin of the Universe and their change in comparison with views of the earliest antique natural philosophers (Presocratics).The analysis is carried out by semantic unification of main concepts in the spirit of more rational Greek philosophy. It makes possible to reveal an substantial structure of knowledge as well as to find and compare signs of transcultural evolution of ancient cosmogonies.

The paper deals with an urgent problem in the history of science, viz the mutual influence of natural philosophy and medicine in the 3^d century. At the end of the 2^nd and the beginning of the 3^d century, an important turn came about in medicine: the theory was formed which began to predominate in this field all over the civilized space – Galen’s anatomic-physiological system. Also, the paper analyses in detail the special role of Alexandrian school in the development of natural science: it ensured synergy of antique philosophy and Christian theology.