Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 2015 number 4

A mathematical model of the flow of a thin layer of heavy liquid under an elastic shell filled with gas is constructed. By means of mass exchange with the environment, the gas phase is active and supports a self-organized wave motion in the liquid layer. The conditions under which small perturbations are transformed into quasiperiodic wave packets of finite amplitude, which move in the same direction, are found. It is shown that the structure of the waves is similar to that of roll waves in open channels.

Results of an experimental and numerical study of a supersonic (M_∞ = 4.85) flow around a streamwise-aligned cylinder with a gas-permeable porous insert on the frontal face in the range of Reynolds numbers Re_D = (0.1−2.0) · 10⁵ are presented. The numerical study is performed by using the Ansys Fluent software system and a porous medium model based on a quadratic law of filtration. The parameters of the quadratic dependence are calculated on the basis of experimental data for an air flow in a porous material. Flow fields are obtained, and the wave drag of the model is calculated as a function of the porous insert length and the Reynolds number. Results of numerical simulations are compared with wind tunnel measurements.

The processes of heat and mass transfer and phase transformations during motion of a set of water droplets through high-temperature gases have been studied numerically. The regimes and conditions of formation of zones of significant joint influence of the droplets on the integral characteristics of heat and mass transfer are determined. The values of the dimensionless parameters describing the dependence of the temperature of the gases in the wake of a small set droplets on their volume concentration and arrangement are calculated. The variations in these dimensionless parameters during motion of droplets through high-temperature gases are described.

The influence of the wake vortex arising behind a perforated tab on the mixing process in heat exchangers and chemical reactors is analyzed. The preliminary step of this study, i.e., investigation of the turbulent field generated by a single perforated tab, is presented here. For this aim, laser Doppler velocimetry measurements are conducted downstream from a perforated trapezoidal vortex generator placed in a wind tunnel. It is shown that two shear layers are generated by the tab. The first shear layer is located at the upper edge of the tab, and the other is ejected from the perforation edges. These shear layers are characterized by high turbulent kinetic energy levels, which are profitable for meso-mixing enhancement. Finally, a spectral study shows that the turbulent macro-scale is nearly the same for typical locations in the shear layers shed from the tab and perforation edges.

This article addresses the heat transfer in a peristaltic flow of a reactive combustible viscous fluid through a porous saturated medium. The flow here is induced because of travelling waves along the channel walls. It is assumed that exothermic chemical reactions take place within the channel under the Arrhenius kinetics and the convective heat exchange with the ambient medium at the surfaces of the channel walls follows Newton's law of cooling. The analysis is carried out in the presence of viscous dissipation and without consumption of the material. The governing equations are formulated by employing the long-wavelength approximation. Closed-form solutions for the stream function, axial velocity, and axial pressure gradient are obtained. It is found that the temperature decreases at high Biot numbers, and the Nusselt number increases with increasing reaction parameter. The Biot number and reaction parameter produce the opposite effects on the Nusselt number.

In this paper, non-similarity solutions for natural convection heat and mass transfer along a vertical plate with a uniform wall temperature and concentration in a doubly stratified porous medium saturated by a fluid are obtained. The Darcy--Forchheimer-based model is employed to describe the flow in the porous medium. The nonlinear governing equations and their associated boundary conditions are initially cast into dimensionless forms by using pseudo-similarity variables. The resulting system of nonlinear partial differential equations is then solved numerically by using the Keller-box method. The effects of the buoyancy parameter, Forchheimer number, and thermal and solutal stratification parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, and heat and mass transfer coefficients are studied.

An unsteady three-dimensional stagnation-point flow of a nanofluid past a circular cylinder with sinusoidal radius variation is investigated numerically. By introducing new similarity transformations for the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction, the basic equations governing the flow and heat and mass transfer are reduced to highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting nonlinear system is solved numerically by the fourth-order Runge−Kutta method with the shooting technique. The thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects occur in the transport equations. The velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles are analyzed with respect to the involved parameters of interest, namely, unsteadiness parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Prandtl number, and Lewis number. Numerical values of the friction coefficient, diffusion mass flux, and heat flux are computed. It is found that the friction coefficient and heat transfer rate increase with increasing unsteadiness parameter (the highest heat transfer rate at the surface occurs if the thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects are absent) and decrease with increasing both thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. The present results are found to be in good agreement with previously published results.

A mathematical model of the effect of a medium on a homogeneous rigid body whose outer surface includes a circumferential cone is considered. The complete system of equations of motion under quasistationarity conditions is given. In the dynamic part forming an independent third-order system, an independent second-order subsystem is distinguished. A new two-parameter family of phase portraits on the phase cylinder of quasivelocities is obtained.

The shock-wave loading of a gradient mixture is numerically investigated in the pressure range of 20−150 GPa. The shock compression of a platelet gradient mixture of tungsten and porous copper is considered using a model which is a modification of the model of platelet porous materials supplemented with an algorithm for calculating changes in the thermodynamic and kinematic parameters of each particle and the sample as a whole. It is shown that the calculated parameters of the state of this shock-compressed mixture in the pressure−particle velocity coordinates are consistent with experimental data for a real tungsten−copper mixture.

This paper presents a solution of a sequence of coupled problems of thermoelastoplasticity which study the occurrence and development of flow in a material layer under pure shear conditions, and its subsequent deceleration by slowly removing the load. The homogeneity of the stress state of the layer is excluded due to the coupling of thermal and deformation processes in the presence of a temperature dependence of the yield point. An additional source of heat is taken to be its production by friction of the material layer on a rough plane. The conditions for the occurrence of viscoplastic flow in the deformable material layer and the laws of motion of the boundaries between the elastic and plastic regions in this layer are determined, and the flow velocities and large irreversible and reversible deformations are calculated. It is shown that reversible deformations cause stresses in the flow region and the moving elastically deformed core.

A mathematical model of the electro−gas−dynamics of a gas−particle system is described. A numerical method for solving the system of equations is proposed, and an analysis is made of the motion of charged solid aerosol particles in gas−particle flow in the electric field produced by the corona electrode of the atomizer, the grounded surface on which deposition is performed, and the charge of the aerosol particles in the interelectrode space. The solution is based on the two−velocity two−temperature model of a monodisperse medium without phase transitions and coagulation assuming that only the carrier medium, described by the Navier−Stokes equations for a compressible gas, has viscosity. The dispersed phase is defined by the equation of conservation of mass, the equations of conservation of momentum components taking into account the Coulomb force and aerodynamic friction, and the equation of conservation of internal energy. The system is written in generalized coordinates in dimensionless form and solved using the explicit McCormack method with splitting over the spatial coordinates and a conservative correction scheme. The velocity and density fields of the gas−particle mixture were investigated in the interelectrode space and near the surface on which solid aerosol particles in the gas−particle flow are deposited.

This paper presents a theoretically study of the boiling of superfluid helium on a cylindrical heater placed in a coaxial porous shell in microgravity. Steady-state transfer processes at the interface are studied using molecular-kinetic methods. The Boltzmann transport equation is solved by the moment method based on the four-moment approximation in the form of a two-sided Maxwellian. The obtained solution is used to calculate the heat flux density in film boiling on a cylindrical heating surface in the case where the film thickness is comparable to the diameter of the heater. The motion of the normal component of the superfluid liquid in pores is described by equations that take into account heat and mass transfer in superfluid helium. The relation between the vapor film thickness and the structural characteristics and geometrical dimensions of the porous shell is obtained. Analysis of the results of the calculations is given.

In this paper, the effects of viscous dissipation, nonuniform heat source/sink, magnetic field, and thermal radiation on the heat transfer characteristics of a thin liquid film flow over an unsteady stretching sheet are analyzed by the homotopy analysis method. The effects of various physical parameters on the heat transfer characteristics are found. The study shows that the thermal radiation parameter has a significant effect on the surface temperature. It is also found that nonuniform heat sinks are better suited for cooling purposes. Furthermore, the limiting cases are obtained and are found to be in good agreement with numerical results previously published by other authors.

The dynamic antiplane strain of an incompressible cylindrical body is studied in a nonlinear formulation in actual variables. A representation of the velocity and acceleration through the displacement is obtained. The problem of the body deformation with account for geometrical and physical nonlinearities is reduced to an initial boundary-value problem for the displacement. The displacement found is used to determine the pressure and stresses. For a body with a quadratic elastic potential, plane waves and self-similar motion are studied. The linear potential is used to investigate the deformation of a hollow elliptical cylinder for which analytical expressions for displacement and stresses are found and the external load is determined. It is shown that, due to the degeneration of the inner cavity of the body to a plane section, the load on the section remains limited.

An analytical algorithm for studying the stability of the equilibrium of compressible hyperelastic sphere with Lagrange variables is proposed. The problem is solved in a spherical coordinate system in a general three-dimensional formulation using linearized stability theory and the method of separation of variables with respect to the radial displacement, the displacement due to the rotation, and the resulting strain in the principal directions. Results of numerical and graphical analysis of the stress--strain state for a three-layer-sphere are used to analyze the gravity stress--strain state of the lithosphere of the Kuril island arc system.

A model of a medium consisting of parallel layers of elastic rectangular blocks separated by deformable viscoelastic interlayers is considered. The model is proposed for describing the low-frequency part of the spectrum in waves propagating in media with such a structure. For a two-dimensional assembly consisting of 36 blocks, the results of numerical calculations are compared with experimental data.

Based on the model of a physical cut and a material layer on its continuation, elastic and elastoplastic problems of determining the stress−strain state inside and outside the layer in the case of loading of cut edges by an antisymmetric system of forces are posed and solved. The solution of the elastic problem is compared with the solution obtained within the framework of the Neuber−Novozhilov model. In contrast to the latter model, the proposed approach provides results consistent with experimental data on the process of formation of fracture regions. Based on the analysis of the discrete solution of the problem, regions of plastic deformation and regions of possible fracture are found.

A new approach is proposed to estimate the fracture of bodies with V-shaped notches under loading of two types. Two examples of quasibrittle fracture are considered: with an initial straight crack and with a sharp V-notch. Experimental data are obtained on the fracture of V-notched specimens under bending.

A boundary singular integral equation of the plane problem was constructed using an approach based on the representation of the unknown Lekhnitskii complex potentials in the form of Cauchy type integrals with unknown densities on the boundary of the region occupied by the body. The contours of the holes and cuts and the shape of the outer boundary are exactly or approximately represented in the form of a sequence of straight and curved (in the form of elliptical arcs) boundary elements. The unknown densities on the boundary elements are approximated by a linear combination of some regular functions or complex functions that have a known singularity. In the numerical solution of the integral equation by the collocation method or by the least-squares method and in the subsequent calculations of the stress--strain state, the integrals of all types along the boundary elements are calculated analytically, which significantly increases the accuracy of the results.

The quality of cutting of low-carbon and stainless steel by beams of fiber and CO₂ lasers with oxygen or nitrogen being used as a process gas is compared. The cut surface roughness for sheets from 3 to 10 mm thick is determined. Domains of optimal (in terms of the minimum roughness criterion) application of lasers of various types in the space of dimensionless parameters (Peclet number and dimensionless power) are found. It is demonstrated that the CO₂ laser is more effective for laser-oxygen cutting, while the fiber laser is more beneficial for cutting with the use of a neutral gas.