Home – Home – Jornals – Professional Education in the Modern World 2014 number 2

The author analyzes the contradictions of development both within education and science and between them and other social spheres, in particular, the sphere of labor. There are conceptualized the possibilities and threats of the incremental development of education and science. Among the features of the incremental development strategy there are:  predictability of the effects of new policy, regulatedness of the transition procedures to new conditions, sufficiency and adequacy of resources, stability of the system of education and science.

There are substantiated seven principles to minimize the threats of the incremental strategy of education and science: systematic character, adequacy, proactivity, efficiency, personal orientation, adequacy, necessity.

It is shown that the strategy of the incremental development in science and education should be based not on voluntaristic transfer of technical standardization into the sphere of humanities, but on the manifestation of universality of the laws of self-organization. It is shown that standardization of education is just one side of the general phenomenon of incrementalism, which is conceived as a universal law of nature and the self-organization of society.

The article problematizes the modern engineering education in the context of a philosophical approach. The specificity is formulated of this approach to the studied phenomenon: completeness, historicity, interrelation, anthropological character.  The following issues of our time influencing the modern engineering education are distinguished: the Bologna declaration, introduction of the CDIO innovative educational framework, fundamentality, interdisciplinary character, humanity, openness, continuity. The application of the philosophical approach allows making a conclusion about the necessity of making the future engineers aware of the fact that they will generate personal, communicational, technological and material public needs in the future; hence establishing responsibility and awareness of the inherent worth of human life becomes one of the crucial tasks for the engineering education.

The analytical results of a sociological survey of students are reflected in the article.

The purpose of the survey was to reveal students’ attitude to higher education. The most significant sources of students’ information about the higher education institutions and the motivation for students’ choice have been identified. At the same time, the dynamics of students’ attitude towards universities during the period of studying there have been revealed. The conclusions about the possibility of extending the range of values of students in the educational process have been formulated.

Though numerous sources of information about universities exist, the majority of students got this information from their parents, mass media or from other students and their peers.

Dominating motivations and stimuli for the students’ choice have been identified as “it’s close to home”, “I like of the specialization chosen”, “according to the advice of relatives and friends”, “together with the friends entering the university”. The majority of students think that they study because they need a diploma of university education, preparation for profession and future career. Extra mural students connect the education with the development of their intellectual horizon.

More than half of the students over the period of their university studies positively change their attitude towards the university education; most of them intend to work according to their qualifications in the future.

In the article the problem of valuable development of professional education in modern conditions of reforming of system of education is analyzed. Valuable specificity of modern social development is characterized by significant growth of a role of theoretical knowledge, means of the communications, information technologies.

The basic valuable sources of professional growth move from the physical capital to the saved up knowledge and information resources.

Today interest of a science to human creative abilities, ways of their activization has considerably grown. Besides the developed human person acts in a modern society as a determinative and the main information resource. 

The article considers the problem of forming the spiritual and moral potential of personality, the value orientations through the introduction to the traditional musical and singing culture of Bayan and Harmonica players. Folk instruments occupy an important place not only in the education of the younger generation, but also in the preservation of the national and social community. The author has tried to relate folk music, singing and musical creativity with the spiritual and moral preferences and beliefs of schoolchildren. The author considers the reasons, which hinder the preservation and development of folk singing and musical culture in Russia. The article determines the social importance of folk instruments in the life of the Russian people and the Russian society as a whole. The author points to the weak role of the state in the preservation of national cultural traditions of music and the contradictory process of education and training in secondary schools and universities. The author believes that the phenomenon of penetration of alien culture into the Russian culture is not harmless and it is necessary to take countermeasures to protect national culture and traditions, and preserve original musicians, educate the young on the best examples of folk art. Harmonica and all musical genres using it have the most important and effective role in preserving and recreating the spiritual and moral potential of society, formation of national identity and patriotic education of youth.

Based on these studies, there are proposed a set of measures of spiritual and moral education of the young generation, the concept of educational and social activities in the field of preservation and propagation of cultural values , familiarizing students with them.

The paper analyzes the major challenges faced by teachers and students in technical colleges. In particular, a significant set of problems is conditioned by discarding the best traditions of Soviet education. In addition, the authors offer concrete solutions to the problems of engineering education, based on the latest information technologies. Of fundamental importance is the authors’ research, which gives an idea about the origins of the main difficulties in the era of global information technologies. The authors not only summarize the diverse teaching experience, but also offer concrete ways out of the crisis, which would help the domestic engineering education to become competitive.

The aim of the work is to highlight the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the creation of the program of development of practical thinking. The methodological bases are the systemic, activity and subjective approaches. The following methods are used: analysis and synthesis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem, abstraction, analogy, generalization, comparison, induction method, the method of deduction, hypothetical-deductive method. The article discusses the foundations of the creation, the structure and the results of testing of the program of development of practical thinking. The data presented in this article can be used in conducting psychological and educational research on related topics.

In the article, there is considered the human right on self-realization, education and scientific creativity and the ways of language and cultural integration of the East and the West, as well as the language future of the world civilization. It is offered to create by the methods of mathematical and computer linguistics some averaged languages for the genealogically related languages and then, on this basis, to create an averaged World language.

In the article, on the basis of facts, there are examined the topical problems of political science as a scientific discipline and academic subject area. As the empirical materials, there are engaged the state educational standard, curricula, lectures, methodological works and dissertation studies. As a result of the analysis, the content of the “policy” concept is determined; the subjects of political activity, the object and the subject matter of political science are identified. Some proposals are formulated for the improving the political activity cognition and ensuring the effectiveness of the training process in political science.

The article describes the evolution of the concept of national security, which took place in the conditions of the systemic political and socio-economic changes in the post-Soviet Russia. There are characterized the impact of internal and foreign policy of the Federal Government, the extent of corruption in different periods on its effectiveness, on the formation and development of the controversial democratic potential.

It is concluded that the success of the fight against corruption is an important factor in strengthening the national security of the country. In connection with this, a particularly urgent need has arisen for the training of specialists in the area of national security in the framework of the State standard of higher education of the third generation.

The most profound changes happening in the life of modern society require from the graduates a readiness for effective using the opportunities in the new conditions of development of the modern education system.

In the modern pedagogics of professional education, there has not yet been considered a complete conceptual aspect of the development of the leadership potential within any separate discipline or a separate course which would concretize and promote the search for concrete social-psychological requirements to the problem in the conditions of secondary professional education.

The aim of the authors was to define the structure of the leadership potential of the physical education teacher through the definitions of professionally significant leadership skills of the PE teacher, the definition of the leader potential structure taking into account the specifics of the PE teacher’s activity. This allowed defining a strategy of activation of the leadership potential of the students, future PE teachers.

In the article, the structure of the leadership potential of the PE teacher is revealed, the results are presented of questioning the directors and PE teachers concerning professional success and the influence on it of the leadership skills development, the specifics of a technique of activation of the leadership potential in the course of physical training are shown.

The article describes the problems of higher technical education in Russia, analyzes their causes and possible ways to improve the situation. This article discusses the necessity of interaction between research organizations, laboratories of higher educational institutions and industrial collectives. To develop high-quality and cost-effective ways of processing natural raw materials, we need young and educated specialists. The training of such specialists is not possible without funding for educational services from the state. To improve the situation with science education, there is needed the profile specialization of senior level of higher education, as well as a system of improving the professional training of school teachers according to the modern condition of science and technology.

The paper analyzes the regional experience of training of the Bachelor Degree students in «Advertising and public relations» in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The paper examines the general cultural and professional competencies included in the Federal state educational standards in «Advertising and public relations», as well as the pedagogical methods and techniques of formation and assessment of these competences. The article reveals the peculiarities of the practice-oriented training of students. For example, the specific tasks from the practice of enterprises in Kazan demonstrate the advantage of active forms of training in developing competencies of the graduates. Some of these tasks involve group work and are aimed at the formation of the teamwork skills. The article contains methodical instructions for students on the implementation of the tasks.

There is argued in the article the need to create new models of the professional identity formation of medical specialists, which will be complementary to the purposes of the modern higher education, changing social realities and medical practices. There is proposed an innovative-psychological model of professional medical education as an interpersonal construct of the reflexive type based on new scientific data, allowing overcoming the existing dissociation of medical and psychological paradigms in the medical practice. There are analyzed the defining, professionally important qualities of the medical specialists constituted in the innovative-psychological model of interaction between the doctor and the patient, such as reflexivity, autonomy, responsibility, and trust. Following the research results, there are specified the individual and subject indicators, which are of priority for the profession of doctor and which allow intensifying his/her professional growth.

The author considers the problem issues of professional education in the sphere of advertising in the post-modern Russian society at the present time. There are considered the specific mentality features of today’s graduate, the future professional in the field of advertising business, within the framework of education reforms. There are analyzed the reasons and consequences of ignoring conceptual forms of advertising communication, of implementing mostly pictorial patterns of advertising presentation, the problem of loosing the common cultural codes, the tendency toward desymbolization and primitive forms in the advertising creativity, which are demonstrated by the students in the educational process. In the article, there is considered a mechanism of interrelation and interconnection of conceptual activity, metaphorization and creation of symbols. It is concluded that the symbolic arises and functions exactly as a meaning-related phenomenon, as a result of conceptual synthesis. Therefore, the lack of readiness of the graduate to operate the common cultural codes and the underestimation of conceptual forms of advertising communication may be tied together. 

The authors examine the role and place of higher distance education in the continuous professional education as a key element of this system. There are analyzed the processes of interaction between the full-time and distance forms of higher education, the ways of improving the distance training on the basis of domestic and foreign experience. There are identified the relationships between higher distance education and additional professional education. There is indicated the specificity of the distance training for the agro-industrial complex and rural areas, the role of agricultural universities in solving the personnel problems of agro-business and rural areas.

The possibility is considered of the development of rural areas through the creation of a dual training model based on the cluster approach. It is shown that the learners’ internalization of the factors of social and labor environment through the application of the didactic principle “Learn while working” promotes the training of highly qualified specialists in agriculture, who are ready to settle in and develop the rural areas. A special attention is given to the rural youth, students of the vocational educational institutions located in the rural areas. It is noted that the people who grew up in the countryside and are familiar with the specifics of the rural way of life, can most effectively solve the problems of rural development. It is indicated that the crucial issue in the self-determination of the young generation is to shape the mechanisms of management of the professional support.

In studying the educational process, realized by the agricultural secondary vocational institutions, a real contradiction is revealed between the deterministic system of student training and the stochastic character of the agrarian educational environment. The ways of overcoming this contradiction are considered. In particular, it is proposed to organize some “pilot sites” in the Siberian region on the basis of secondary vocational education institutions for the theoretical generalization of the best practices and to develop concrete mechanisms for solving important national objective: providing personnel for the rural development.