Home – Home – Jornals – Chemistry for Sustainable Development 2025 number 5

The Alambay mélange zone is located within the interior of the early Paleozoic Salair Orogen (fold-thrust structure) and is the northern link of the Alambay-Kaim tectonic zone of the Salair Ridge and the Altai Mountains. In paleotectonic terms, the Salair Orogen is part of the Kuznetsk-Altai paleoisland-arc system. The Alambay mélange zone is comprised of two types of mélange: serpentinite and terrigenous. The mélange contains microquartzite, basalt, and limestone blocks. The terrigenous mélange contains a block of garnet amphibolite, and the serpentinite mélange has gabbroid blocks. In terms of geochemical features, gabbroid and garnet amphibolite from the Alambay mélange zone can be attributed to island-arc rock. Chromite from serpentinized hyperbasite in this zone has an increased content of chromium and magnesium, which is also typical for chromite from suprasubduction hyperbasite. The mélange basalt is categorized as an oceanic island basalt and distinguished by a high content of titanium and niobium. There are two morphological varieties of terrigenous mélange. One of them is characterized by the prevalence of inclusions over the matrix and the dominance of limestone and oceanic island basalt within inclusions. The other variety is notable for the prevalence of the matrix over inclusions, and its main type of inclusions is aposilicic microquartzite. The genesis of the Alambay mélanges can be explained using the oceanic plate stratigraphy model [Wakita, 2015]. This model describes the dependence of the composition of subduction mélange on the position of a sole thrust between the subducting plate and the accretionary prism. Within the framework of this model, two varieties of a terrigenous subduction mélange are identified. One of them is a limestone-basalt mélange formed during seamount subduction, and the other one is a sandstone-cherty mélange whose formation corresponds to décollement position along the base of the sedimentary bed of the subducting plate. The formation of the mélange assemblage dates back to 500 Ma and precedes the accumulation of the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician Green-Violet Group flysch and its analogs, suggesting that the Alambay mélange zone is of Late Cambrian age. The important role of fragments of the island-arc base in the serpentinite and terrigenous subduction mélanges indicates that the Cambrian subduction zone was characterized by tectonic erosion conditions under which the material of the advancing plate was entrained into the subduction zone. The sole thrusts in the subduction zone, along which the material was exhumed into the accretionary wedge, were located along the base of the oceanic sediments, at the base of seamounts, and inside the hanging wall of the subduction zone.

We present new data on high-Ba phlogopites first discovered in kimberlite of the Malokuonapskaya pipe. The studied phlogopites can be divided into two groups: (1) megacrysts up to 2 mm in size with a BaO content of up to 0.58 wt.%, characterized by an increase in the content of this component from core to edge (with direct zoning for BaO), and (2) zoned crystals up to 200 μm in size, containing inclusions of minerals of the kimberlite groundmass, with a BaO content of up to 14.6 wt.% in the cores, regularly decreasing to 1 wt.% toward the edges. The two generations of mica formed in different and unrelated processes. Crystallization of megacrysts took place at the earliest stages of the evolution of kimberlite melt. The slight increase in Ba content from the core to the edges of phenocrysts might be the result of the evolution of kimberlite melt leading to its enrichment in incompatible elements. Phlogopites of group 2 formed at a later stage, together with the groundmass minerals. High Ba contents in these phlogopites are possible in the case of the strong enrichment of the kimberlite melt with light elements. The refertilized lithosphere under the influence of the Siberian traps might have been the source of these elements. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the phlogopite yielded an age of 232.1 ± 2.6 Ma.

Using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) complex, with the involvement of X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we obtained new data on the distribution and the degree of concentration of “invisible” gold on the native surface of arsenopyrite crystals from the Natalka gold deposit (northeastern Russia). The study has shown that these parameters are intimately related to the formation conditions of the deposit. The highest contents of Au are detected on the surface of arsenopyrite crystals formed at the hydrothermal stage of ore generation, and the minimum ones are found on the surface of crystals formed at the early metamorphogenic stage. The extreme variability of the gold distribution profile and contents even within the surface of a single crystal is best pronounced in arsenopyrite of vein and veinlet-vein ores, which is due to the instability of the physicochemical parameters of the processes of hydrothermal ore formation at the later stages of the deposit formation. Basically, these are oxidation processes that lead to a change in the composition of the primary (as-grown) nonautonomous phases and to the redistribution of gold in the surface layer of the crystal, containing highly charged arsenic species, As⁵⁺ and As³⁺. The intricate and long-term metamorphic/magmatic genesis of the giant Natalka gold deposit has been confirmed. The high contents of “invisible” gold in the easily destroyed surface layer of sulfides during enrichment are of significant practical interest for the extraction of gold from “refractory” ores, as they increase the quality and value of the mined raw materials.

The quasi-equilibrium directional crystallization method to model a new type of zoning in the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system was applied. A melt is crystallized with the following composition (in at.%): 14.00 Cu, 30.00 Fe, 4.00 Ni, 51.00 S, and 0.1 each of Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, As, Te, Bi, Pb, Se, and Sn. We use optical and electron microscopy, micro-X-ray spectral analysis, differential thermal analysis, and powder diffraction to study the composition and structure of the ingot. Based on the results of measuring the average solid phase composition, the distribution curves of macrocomponents in the ingot have been constructed in the range of g from 0 to 0.81 ( g is the fraction of crystallized melt). The variations in the melt composition and distribution coefficients between solid phases and the melt in directional crystallization have also been calculated. The obtained sample consists of three primary zones: monosulfide solid solution with the composition ranging from (Fe_0.75Ni_0.10Cu_0.06)_0.91S to (Fe_0.69Ni_0.15Cu_0.09)_0.93S (Mss) in Zone I and two intermediate solid solutions: ~ (Fe_0.57Ni_0.03Cu_0.45)_1.05S (Iss₁) in Zone II and (Fe_0.46Ni_0.06Cu_0.52)_1.05S (Iss₂) in Zone III. The peritectic character of the crystallization of Iss₁ and Iss₂ from the melt has been established. The trajectories of the melt and solid phase compositions and series of conodes have been plotted for Mss and Iss₁ on the phase diagram of the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system. Secondary zonality is described by the following sequence of phases: Pyh 1C + Pyh 3C + Icb + Ccp/Ccp + Iss + Fe-Pn, Sgk/Ccp + Ni-Pn + NiS + Bn (Pyh - hexagonal pyrrhotite, Icb - isocubanite, Ccp - chalcopyrite, Pn - pentlandite, Sgk - sugakiite, Bn - bornite) and belongs to the high-sulfur pyrrhotite + cubanite-chalcopyrite type of ore body zonation.

Since apatite is capable of adsorbing and retaining radionuclides, the experimental removal of uranyl ions (UO₂²⁺) from two Ca-containing technogenic and one model solutions was performed by neutralization with a solution of sodium hydrogen phosphate Na₂HPO₄. The chemical composition of the precipitate was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and its structure was refined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of hydroxyapatite was confirmed; two samples also contained CaH(PO₄)∙(H₂O)₂ (brushite), in which up to 15% of calcium was substituted by uranium. Study of the uranium species revealed U⁴⁺, U⁵⁺, and U⁶⁺, with U⁵⁺ amounting to 30-35 at.% of the total uranium. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis did not identify precipitate phases with U > 18%. Uranium was detected in the grain rims, which indicates its adsorption. Thermodynamic computation showed the possible formation of individual uranium phases, such as β-UO_2.333, β-UO₂(OH)₂, and NaUO₂O(OH) (clarkeite), at the measured Eh-pH. The oversaturation of solutions and the spontaneous formation of solid hydroxyapatite and brushite particles lead to a change in the initial Ca/PO₄ ratio; moreover, the P/Ca and Ca/O ratios, as well as the elemental composition in the near-surface layers of three precipitates, are not strictly constant. The newly formed phase contains segregations different in size, the degree of deformation, and sorption surface groups, which is reflected in the mechanism of capture of uranium compounds. The experimental results demonstrate the need for further studies of uranium precipitation during the crystallization of phosphates. The stability of phosphate phases ensures the high reliability of phosphate safety barriers for the uranium extraction facilities. In addition, uranium adsorption by phosphates can be used for remediation of aquifers polluted with radionuclides.

The article summarizes new data on core studies and well logging in the Famennian deposits of the Yugomashevskoye field located in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia). Structurally, the subject is categorized as a model of a rimmed platform with characteristic organogenic buildups and associated facies. The identified sedimentation cyclicity, the secondary processes, and the analysis of changes in the relative sea level make it possible to identify the most common types of porosity confined to a particular part of the section and facies zonality. Transgressive and regressive parts of the cycles are characterized by their specific set of lithotypes and characteristic types of void space. It is revealed that the formation of a void space is affected by the duration and intensity of secondary processes: leaching, dolomitization, and claying associated with the subaerial exposure. Moreover, this work substantiates the division of carbonate structures of this region into three types that differ in terms position, morphology, and manifestation of hypergene transformations, as reflected in the differentiation of types of void space of host rocks and their potential in terms of reservoir characteristics.

We present the research results based on experimental data obtained during the expedition of the R/V Akademik Oparin to the Peter the Great Gulf (cruise No. 54, October 2017). Methane fluxes at the water-atmosphere boundary have been calculated for each sampling point using the measured concentrations of dissolved methane in the seawater surface layer and methane in the near-surface atmosphere, temperature, salinity, and wind speed. In all cases, the concentrations of dissolved methane in the seawater surface layer exceed the values in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Methane fluxes from the sea surface vary from 1 to 981 mol/km²·day with an average value of 7.1 ± 4.5 mol/km²·day. The most intense emission has been observed near the mouth of the Tumen River. Gas-saturated sediments with inclusions of subaqueous authigenic minerals have been discovered on the continental slope. The analysis of geological and hydrochemical information has revealed areas of methane influx from bottom sediments. The application of models of current fields and advective impurity transport during the expedition provides the opportunity to determine the prospective zones with increased concentrations of dissolved methane and also to identify for the first time an underwater source of groundwater discharge (presumably the element of the Tumen paleochannel), which affects the distribution of dissolved methane concentrations and salinity in the subsurface waters of the gulf. Comparison of calculated and experimental data on methane transport has shown their spatial coincidence. The calculations have established that tidal currents determine not only the local maxima of methane concentrations and fluxes from the sea surface in certain areas of the gulf but also its transport to the pelagic waters in the western part of the Central Basin of the Sea of Japan.

The problem of an inhomogeneous distribution influence of properties and geometry on the stress-strain state of a 500 km thick block model under the influence of gravity within the framework of the medium behavior of an elastic-plastic model is considered. The calculations were carried out in a 2D formulation of a plain strain state for a rectangular and cylindrical profile, taking into account the curvature of the Earth’s surface. It is shown that anomalies of the stress-strain state and zones of irreversible deformation development are determined primarily by the heterogeneous nature of the structure, the presence of density and rheological anomalies. The geometry of the models significantly affects primarily the stress state in the crust, taking into account the curvature of the lithosphere where the greatest shear strength determines the development of irreversible deformation depending on the heterogeneity of the environment. In this work, numerical modeling was carried out to assess the influence of the geometric factor on the stress-strain state of the lithosphere. The initial geometry of the medium was constructed on the basis of a seismic model along the Craton profile in rectangular and cylindrical coordinates with a length of 3600 km and a depth of 500 km. A comparison of the obtained solutions was carried out. The change in the stress-strain state during the lifting and immersion of a medium block in a cylindrical problem formulation is considered. It is shown that vertical displacements in such a formulation have a noticeable effect on horizontal stresses and can lead to the development of irreversible deformation. It has been established that the deviation of shear stresses from horizontal ones at the daytime surface is negligible in the case of a cylindrical formulation of the problem with successive layer-by-layer build-up of the crust. The maximum deviation is achieved in the middle part of the deformed layer.

Drilling fluid containing a solid dispersed phase penetrates into the surrounding rocks when drilling wells. A colmatation zone may form depending on the size ratio of clay particles (cuttings) and pores, which leads to a significant change in the transport and electrical characteristics of the near-wellbore space. The latter are especially important for reliable interpretation of well logging data, since a directional change in the pore space structure can cause anisotropy of physical properties of the rock. The colmatation process is irreversible and almost irreproducible in laboratory conditions. Its study is based on numerical experiments aimed at analyzing physical characteristics of sedimentary rock samples (sandstones) using their digital models. This article considers the the problem of calculating their effective tensor of specific electrical conductivity at different volumetric saturation of the pore space with clay-based drilling mud, formation water and oil. The effect of the volume content of the indicated phases on the anisotropy of the samples’ specific electrical conductivity is shown using data from non-destructive visualization of their internal structure.

The configuration of acoustic and magnetic fields which provides lateral acoustic oscillations in well conditions in a porous saturated medium is considered. An alternating magnetic field creates an acoustic response at the interface of media with high acoustic amplitude during electroacoustic conversion. The nature of the dependence of amplitudes on the parameters of the medium is described. The possibility of simultaneous determination of three kinetic coefficients (electrical conductivity, acoustoelectric parameter, permeability) is shown.

A significant problem with the magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) method is the influence of local near-surface inhomogeneities that distort MTS data across the entire frequency range. These distortions complicate the analysis and interpretation of data and, ultimately, the acquisition of information about the deep structures being studied. A widely used method for suppressing near-surface distortions is the normalization of MTS curves using spatial low-pass filtering. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, including using weight functions proposed by the authors. A simple geoelectric model of the Earth’s crust containing a conductive sedimentary cover, a high-resistivity basement, and a three-dimensional conductive depression in the basement was compiled. Two model variants with a homogeneous upper part of the section and with multiple local near-surface inhomogeneities were considered. A synthetic magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) dataset was calculated for a system of profiles using three-dimensional modeling. The effect of near-surface distortions is observed from the data of the second version of the model, leading to a shift by level in the MTS amplitude curves. MTS curves were normalized using smoothing filters in a sliding window with different radiuses to suppress the distorting effect of near-surface inhomogeneities. Various weight functions of the filters were used, namely: for distance from the center of the sliding window, for the difference in amplitude from the average in the window and for the difference in the main directions determined by the polar diagrams of the module of the main component of the impedance tensor and the main component of the phase tensor. In general, the experimental results showed a high efficiency of normalization of the main components of the impedance tensor and the telluric tensor, and a lower efficiency of normalization of additional components.

The article presents the results of detailed organic geochemistry studies being part of a comprehensive (lithological, geochemical, petrophysical) study of the Bazhenov Formation in the Tomsk Region using the IPGG SBRAS methodology for organic matter-rich source rock. As the thermal maturity increases from PK₃ to MK₂, the content of 'free micro oil' in source rock's pore spaces has been observed to increase. In the same time, there are modifications to the composition of bitumoids (chloroform source rock extracts) from open and closed pores at both the group and molecular levels. Even 'immature' organic matter has been establish to show a difference in bitumoids composition from open and closed pores, which increases as it enters the main phase of oil formation.

The practical feasibility of high-precision measurements of magnetic fields from remote radio transmitters in motion, including on unmanned aerial vehicles, has been demonstrated. The method is based on measuring the Euclidean norm of the full complex magnetic field vector, which makes the results independent of the sensor system's orientation. To compensate for instabilities in the primary field, normalization is performed using a synchronized signal from a stationary base station. Additional accuracy is ensured through pre-flight sensor calibration and post-processing with spatial smoothing filters. Field tests confirmed good reproducibility, with discrepancies between repeated passes below 0.5% of the signal level. In addition, magnetic field maps obtained at different altitudes show strong internal consistency and correlate well with archived ground-based inductive electromagnetic survey data.

Carbonatite breccias (CBs) were discovered in the Tomtor Massif (Complex) (TM), which hosts the largest REE-Nb-Sc-Y ore deposit, by holl G2 in the northern Buranny area. CBs are petrographically complex rocks consisting of fragments of dolomite, dolomite-ankerite, ankerite and calcite carbonatites with significant contents of F-REE carbonates, pyrite, and fluorite. CBs show signs of fragmentation of carbonatites and calcite rocks, as well as the movement of these fragments by younger melt-brine enriched in CO2, F, S, and REE, and its interaction with the fragments. The studied rocks are classified as magmatic-fluidogenic and fluidogenic breccias, which provide a unique source of information on the rock composition and processes occurring at deep levels of the TM. The distribution pattern of trace elements in the KB, presented in spider diagrams, largely corresponds to the distribution of these elements in carbonatites and uniquely rich Nb-REE ores of the upper ore horizon of the TK. Spider diagrams reveal enrichment in Th, Nb, La, Ce, and Nd and depletion in U, K, Sr, Zr, Hf, and Ti, as in other carbonatite complexes of the world (including those with breccias). The REE distribution shows enrichment in MREE and HREE. The formation of the KB is accompanied by the crystallization of REE minerals with a composition unique to the TK, primarily synchysite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce) and/or bastnaesite-(Ce), cebaite-(Ce), and burbankite. Crystallization of REE-fluorcarbonates is associated with the process of dolomite replacement by ankerite, on the one hand, and the maximum amount of these minerals, as well as cebaite-(Ce) and burbankite, is recorded in calcite rocks in association with fluorite and pyrite, on the other hand. It is shown that the position of the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C‰ composition points in KB fragments and in the interfragmentary space form a dependence with a high correlation coefficient value, close to the trend characterizing the process of mixing of C and O isotopes of carbonatites and sedimentary carbonates. However, this conclusion contradicts the data on high contents of REE, Nb. P and other elements typomorphic for carbonatites with increasing δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C‰ values and is a result of the transformation of carbonates by a low-temperature deuteric fluid. For the first time, the obtained comprehensive data on KB allow us to consider these formations as a new type of mineralization for TK.

The article examines issues characterizing the demographic situation and socio-economic development of territories, their mutual influence. A review of scientific publications on the stated issues was conducted. The object of the study was the Russian Federation and the South Siberian macroregion (Altai Republic, Altai Krai, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk regions), municipalities of the Novosibirsk region. The information basis of the work was open data of the Federal State Statistics Service, territorial bodies of the FSSS, information posted on the websites of the governing bodies of the Novosibirsk region and the mayor’s office of the city of Novosibirsk, the author’s assessments of the discussed problems and processes. Conclusions and recommendations are made.

The assessment of the state of the labor market is traditionally considered from the standpoint of ensuring the economic security of the state. Current trends in the Russian labor market, characterized by a significantly increased demand for personnel in all sectors of the economy, limited labor supply, and record-low unemployment, are unique on the one hand and pose a challenge to the development of the economy as a whole on the other. The article presents the dynamics of the main indicators of the labor market and the factors that caused them, the structural deformation of the market in the context of the digital transformation of the economy, the prospects for the impact of the demographic situation and the underutilization of labor on the state of the labor market. This allowed us to formulate certain areas of influence of the state policy of regulating the labor market.

The article is devoted to the role of science cities in the innovative and socio-economic development of Russia, with special attention paid to the science city of Koltsovo (Novosibirsk region). Its scientific and production complex and innovative infrastructure are considered. The main indicators of the socio-economic development of the science city of Koltsovo are analyzed in comparison with similar indicators of the Novosibirsk region. Particular attention is paid to the budget of Koltsovo, the dynamics of its income and expenses. The article emphasizes the importance of science cities as key elements of the national innovation system.

The article proposes the concept of trans-regional centers of economic growth as key elements of Russia’s spatial development. The main factors in the formation of these centers are systematized and analyzed: natural-geographical, historical-cultural, sociodemographic, economic, institutional, and technological. The evolution of the significance of factors in modern conditions is substantiated: the decreasing role of resource availability with the increasing importance of human capital, innovation potential, and the quality of the institutional environment. The research results are of interest in the context of implementing the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2030.

The article defines the age limits of the “youth” category based on the specifics of crime accounting in criminal statistics. The portal of legal statistics and the website of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Russia are used as the main sources of information. The dynamics of the crime rate with the allocation of high, medium and low levels in the Novosibirsk region and in Russia for 2008-2024 is analyzed. The adopted state regulations and regional and municipal programs aimed at reducing youth crime are reflected. A regression model of youth crime in the Novosibirsk region with a linear downward trend was built and a forecast was made until 2026. The seasonality in the identification of criminals among minors and students in the Novosibirsk region is demonstrated.

Crypto-primitives of electronic digital signature (EDS) are quite important components in any information security subsystem of national blockchain ecosystems and platforms. Most of the known EDS schemes are based on the assumption of the computational complexity of large number factorization problems (for example, RSA) or discrete logarithm (such as DSA and ECDSA). However, the obtained scientific and technical results in the field of post-quantum cryptology and quantum computing call into question the sufficiency of the known crypto-primitives of EDS. For this reason, the relevance of new, post-quantum EDS schemes based on such sections of mathematics that are capable of ensuring the quantum stability of the mentioned systems to intruder attacks using a quantum computer is growing. This article presents the results of a critical analysis of the known EDS schemes based on lattice theory. The emphasis is on the practical aspects of using these crypto primitives (efficiency, quantum stability, key size, etc.)

The article considers game-theoretic modeling of researchers’ mobility between cities of own country. Two simple game-theoretic models are constructed. The first model characterizes the decision-making process of a researcher regarding the location of his activity by assessing the probability of success of such activity in conditions of individual or group participation, and is an antagonistic (matrix) game. The second model takes into account the interaction of researchers in a group, expressed through comparison of changes in individual and joint knowledge. Different professional and quantitative composition of researchers in cities generates multiple equilibria, characteristic of coordination and anti-coordination games. The problem of choosing the best Nash equilibrium is proposed to be solved using an additional parameter: the degree of possibility of continuing a scientific topic that was conducted in the city of departure. It is revealed that differences in the degree of such possibilities between cities can form the priority of researchers’ movement.

The article examines the main theoretical provisions contained in Russian accounting standards and concerning financial statements in general and their key summary indicators. It is shown that these provisions are incomplete, are not definitions from a scientific point of view and do not reveal the economic meaning of capital and profit. Then, using specific examples, the practical consequences of the identified shortcomings are considered, consisting, among other things, in the emergence of many alternatives to the traditional accounting model, calling into question the expediency of its application.

The article attempts to consider accounting as a business language or, in other words, to see accounting as a linguistic image of accounting. Two key aspects of accounting, as a specific language, are analyzed - readability in accounting and the linguistic relativity hypothesis (the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis). The main directions of studying readability in accounting have been highlighted, and the application of the Sapir -Whorf Hypothesis to accounting as a business language has been confirmed. The directions of further research are highlighted, including the sociolinguistics thesis and accounting as well as bilingual thesis in accounting.

The article shows that in the course of rethinking the purpose of business in foreign countries, the interpretation of the goal as going beyond profit maximization began to dominate. The proposed paradigm expands the problem field and is associated with the recognition of added value as a special category that characterizes the main goal of the organization’s business activity and its result - the total income received by the organization as a result of its contribution to the creation of a social product. Based on this, a conceptual description of the endogenous process of building business models with high added value is given.

The relevance of studying various aspects of corporate social responsibility has been the subject of extensive research in recent decades. However, in the modern era, a new economic paradigm based on digital technologies and information networks is fundamentally changing the traditional economic environment and activities, leading to a profound restructuring of corporate business models, organizational structures, and market competition patterns. This paper presents a broad overview of international and domestic research related to corporate social responsibility. The article is divided into several sections, addressing specific issues of corporate social responsibility and deductively revealing its importance for the effective functioning of an organization. Key aspects of the paper include interpreting the relationship between corporate social responsibility and digital technologies, assessing the debate on corporate social responsibility and corporate digital social responsibility, and finally, exploring the specifics of developing corporate social responsibility in a remote workforce. The use of a bibliographical approach to interpreting the problem of corporate social responsibility provided a clear understanding of the issues discussed. The data obtained during the study served as the basis for developing recommendations on the issue under consideration.

This study reveals effective mechanisms related to reducing the risk of internal economic crimes in the insurance industry. We conducted a survey of employees who hold key positions in leading Russian insurance entities. This study analyzes the prevalence and effectiveness of crime prevention mechanisms as well as the incidence and impact of internal economic crimes. Our results highlight the key features of internal economic crimes in Russian insurance companies, including behavioral red flags of principal perpetrators.

For the first time, a chromatograph mass spectrometric study of the essential oil of the yellow water lily (Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.) growing in Lake Kuznechnoye in the Leningrad Region on the Karelian Isthmus was carried out at the peak of plant development in the flowering-fruiting phase in 2020 and 2021. The aim is to study the interannual variability of the component composition of low-molecular organic compounds (LMWOC) and assess the possibility of using its low-molecular metabolome (LMWM) to indicate the ecological state of water bodies. The limnological characteristics of the reservoir in the place where the yellow water lily grows are given. The main research method of the work is gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was revealed that under changing environmental conditions in different years, including depending on a specific biotic environment (phytoplankton) and abiotic factors, plants are able to synthesize different numbers of LMWOC. The decrease in the trophic status of the lake ecosystem and the decrease in the development of cyanobacteria, as the dominant component of phytoplankton, leads to a significant increase in the content of all groups of components in the LMWM of the yellow water lily. Intraspecific interannual variability of the LMWM of the yellow water lily can serve as an indicator of stability/changes in the state of the aquatic ecosystem. High quantitative indicators of the content of LMWOC, especially allelochemical substances, identified in N. lutea from Lake Kuznechnoye, typical for the Karelian Isthmus, allow us to consider the yellow water lily growing in the lakes of the Karelian Isthmus as an underutilized natural resource of valuable LMWOC, which has the potential for diverse economic use.

The paper presents a new network of tree-ring chronologies (TRW) completed for ribbon pine forests, Priobsky pine forest and pine forests in the south of Western Siberia (Altai region and Novosibirsk region) and describing the growth of annual ring widths of common pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.). Measurements of annual ring parameters were made on high-resolution digital images. A statistically significant relationship (from 0.83 to 0.46) was observed between all tree-ring series (maximum distance between points 330 km). On the basis of cluster and correlation analysis the local steppe and forest-steppe chronologies were combined into three regional chronologies (Pl5, Pl6, Pl7). Comparison of parameters of chronologies in Altai Krai and Novosibirsk region showed that the border between regions (and in physiographic terms - the border between southern and middle forest-steppe) is conditionally a kind of line dividing TRW chronologies into groups characterized by different sensitivity of radial growth to changes in environmental factors. At the same time, chronologies from stony slopes (spurs of the Kolyvan ridge) have maximum sensitivity. The results of the study allowed us to compare the dendroindication potential of pine forests of the study area and neighboring regions (the Urals, Siberia and Russian far East). The importance of purposeful selection of sample plots in ribbon pine forests and Priobsky pine forests was shown, since the use of a random set of chronologies will not allow to correctly reconstruct climatic conditions of tree growth.

Intra-annual climate variations and their effects on radial growth of trees have received increasing attention in recent decades. Tracheidograms have been widely used for the analysis of the xylem cell parameters varying over the course of a year. This paper describes the steps for creating tracheidograms based on high-resolution images using boundary identification methods through artificial neural networks (ANNs), computer vision library (OpenCV) and tracheidogram libraries (RAPTOR, tracheideR). The aim was to identify climate-related features of intra-annual xylem growth of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. on Sredny Island, Keret Archipelago, White Sea. To achieve the objective, parameters of 43,754 xylem cells were identified for 7 trees, of which 23,091 cells were grouped into radial profiles for the period from 2009 to 2018. The results indicate a relationship between precipitation from May to August and xylem cell parameters (lumen diameter along the radial axis, lumen perimeter, cell wall thickness, lumen area, lumen diameter to cell wall thickness ratio, lumen area to lumen perimeter ratio). Areas under tracheidogram curves were calculated as an integral metric of annual ring structure. Pearson′s correlation coefficient was estimated between these metrics and average temperature and precipitation from May to August. The strongest relationships identified were as follows: an inverse relationship between the amount of precipitation and the cell wall thickness, a direct relationship between temperature and the cell wall thickness, and a negative relationship between temperature and the lumen size.

The biochemical parameters (albumin content, levels of oxidized proteins (OP) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase), aminotransferases and cholinesterase activities were analyzed in the liver of round goby Neogobius melanostomus from the Sea of Azov areas (central (CP), southern (SP) and southeastern (SEP)) with different anthropogenic impacts. Intensification of LPO and protein oxidation processes, as well as protein metabolism reorganization towards gluconeogenesis and detoxification reactions found in the liver of gobies from SEP have been established. This may indicate a more environmentally unfavorable condition of SEP as compared to SP and CP. The analysis of biochemical parameters in the liver of fish from SP and CP allowed characterizing these zones as similar by the level of mixed pollution, however more obvious changes in the biochemical parameters (inhibition of SOD activity, increase in the level of protein oxidation) were observed in the liver of gobies from SP. The obtained results permitted to rank the investigated areas according to the increase the level of mixed pollution as follows: CP → SP → SEP. Suggested reasons for the identified changes were discussed.

To assess the influence of the trophic factor on the survival and abundance of shrews in the conditions of the Far North, an analysis of the relationships between their population dynamics and the abundance of ground invertebrates was performed. The studies were conducted in typical (larch forest in the lower part of a mountain slope) and intrazonal (floodplain Chosenia forest) habitats on the northern Sea of Okhotsk coast. The relative biomass of invertebrates (according to pitfall trap counts) at the end of the summer period showed an inverse relationship with the number of shrews, which may indicate a significant impact of these insectivores on food resources in years of their high abundance. The number of overwintered shrews in a typical forest habitat positively correlated with the relative biomass of invertebrates at the end of the previous summer. In the intrazonal floodplain habitat, no significant relationship was found between the number of overwintered animals and the previous biomass of invertebrates, but due to floods and aufeis ice, the Chosenia forest is unsuitable for small mammals in the cold season. The results of the study suggest a fairly high interdependence between the dynamics of the abundance of shrews and their food items in relatively unproductive northern ecosystems.

The article presents the results of a study on the ecological structure of discomycetes on the territory of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences - a specially protected natural area. The taxonomic diversity of fungi includes 37 species belonging to 30 genera, 16 families, 5 orders, and 3 classes. Saprotrophic discomycetes are categorized into five ecological groups, among which the largest proportion is occupied by lignophilic and phyllophilic species (81 %), while the smallest proportion is occupied by herbophilic species (4 %). Inoperculate species predominate in all groups. Lignophilic fungi prefer wood of the fourth and fifth stages of decomposition (about 90 %); they have not been found on wood of the first and second stages of decomposition. Edaphophilic discomycetes are mainly represented by operculate species from the order of Pezizales (81.8 %). The group of herbophilic fungi is represented only by inoperculate species from the order of Helotiales.

The distribution of Viscum album L. in the Bryansk region has been studied. The distribution assessment was performed on a grid basis. In the 20th century, mistletoe was noted in 8 cells, and at present the species has been registered in 95 cells out of 378 squares of grid mapping. Recently, the species range in the region has significantly expanded in the north-eastern direction. Most often, mistletoe was noted in the central, southern and south-eastern regions of the Bryansk region, in the south-western regions on the border with Belarus in the 21st century the species was not found; finds north of Bryansk in the region have not been found. In the Bryansk region, mistletoe has been noted on 29 species of woody plants, most often in natural habitats it is recorded on Betula pendula. Within the boundaries of populated areas, V. album is most often found on Betula pendula, Sorbus aucuparia, Acer platanoides, Populus tremula, Pyrus communis, Prunus domestica and Malus domestica. V. album has been occasionally found on Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies. V. album attacks young plants with unformed bark, weakened old-growth trees with soft wood, confined to forest belts along highways, river valleys, old manor parks, and urban plantings. In parkland, V. album is found mainly on isolated trees that are well lit by the sun. The main distributor of mistletoe in the region is Bombycilla garrulus. The features of V. album dispersal in a model settlement - Dobrun village, Bryansk district, are considered, where the species has spread over the plantings of the entire village territory in 20 years. Pregenerative and young generative plants predominate in the studied population.

For the first time, a comparative analysis of soil, microbiological and botanical characteristics of biocenoses - habitats of rare endangered species of the Orchidaceae Juss. of the white-flowered Cypripedium guttatum Sw. f. albiflorum Aver. and the usual forms Cypripedium guttatum Sw. It was established that soil conditions are decisive in the distribution of cenopopulations of Cypripedium guttatum of the Orchidaceae Juss. within individual biocenoses in the cryoarid climate of Central Yakutia. Important factors influencing the development of this group of orchids are the granulometric composition of the soil, the content of humus in the upper layer, hydrothermal conditions, salinity and pH values. The differences between phytocenoses according to morphological features were the ecological conditions of existence of C. guttatum cenopopulations. The Cypripedium guttatum Sw. f. albiflorum growing on humus-carbonate soil of biocenosis-1 had larger leaf and bracts parameters than Cypripedium guttatum Sw. of the usual form on pale gray soil of biocenosis-2. The humus-carbonate soil of section 1ZH-21 of biocenosis-1 turned out to be the most optimal for the existence of soil microorganisms. In the microbial communities of forest cryogenic soils, soil microscopic fungi (micromycetes) prevailed, therefore, it can be assumed that they play an important role in the development of rare plant species of the Orchidaceae Juss.

The results of an 11 year study of the rare orchid Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó population on the northeastern border of its range (the Komi Republic, north-east of the European part of Russia) are presented. Our research has shown that weather factors (air temperature and precipitation) influence various traits that determine the reproductive success of this species. Significant positive correlations were found between the temperature of August of the previous growing season and parameters such as the size of the inflorescence and the number of generative plants in the population. The fruit set is positively affected by precipitation during the flowering of the species (the third decade of June) and the overall moisture content of the territory in the current growing season. A negative correlation was found between fruit set and the size of the inflorescences of individual plants, while the height of the plants does not affect the effectiveness of pollination. The sizes of seeds and embryos of D. traunsteineri significantly differed in different years of research, but no reliable links between these traits and weather conditions were revealed. A negative correlation was found between seed volume and fruit set in individual plants. In the fruit of D. traunsteineri, from 3211 to 5172 seeds are formed in different years, the real seed productivity of an individual is 10696-44262 pcs. Tall plants produce more seeds per fruit. A positive relationship between real seed productivity and precipitation of the current growing season has been revealed. The final indicator of reproductive success at the population level is the number of young (juvenile) plants. They were present in the studied population during all the years of study, their proportion varied from 3.5 to 13.9 %. Positive reliable correlations between the number of juvenile individuals and the temperature of August, as well as the sum of the active temperatures of the entire previous growing season, were revealed.

Myricaria bracteata Royle and Myricaria longifolia (Willd.) Ehrenb. (Tamaricaceae) are herbal medicines in Mongolia, China and Russia (Siberia). M. bracteata was introduced into culture and it showed prospects for landscaping due to high winter hardiness, drought resistance and decorative properties. M. bracteata and M. longifolia leaves were reported to contain derivatives of 17 flavonoid aglycones, as well as ellagic acid and its derivatives. Principal component analysis of 10 populations of each of these species, based on 56 parameters of the phenolic composition of twigs, showed the high similarity between the species. The native populations of M. bracteata from Tajikistan and Khakassia, as well as native and cultivated populations of both species from Altai Republic exhibited the most significant differences from most samples in the composition of the analyzed components. Populations of M. longifolia of Altai origin were distinguished by the maximum content of the sum of phenolic compounds (up to 107.7 mg per 1 g of dry weight), hyperoside (18.1 mg/g) and quercitrin (2.8 mg/g). The composition of the exudative compounds of the twigs of the studied species was also characterized by a high similarity. Differences in the concentrations of compounds by year were revealed. The exudates exhibited higher antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 34.2 и 42.2 μg/ml) compared to the extracts (IC₅₀ 110.7 and 172.2 μg/ml). Histochemical visualization showed the localization of phenolic compounds in the salt glands, vascular tissue and chlorenchyma in leaves and stems. The results uncover the high potential of native and cultured plants of the Siberian Myricaria species to be the sources of pharmacologically valuable compounds; in particular, in the phyllosphere of plants, which allows us to consider these species as elements of natural air purification and improvement of environmental air quality parameters.

Seabirds are able to occasionally ingest plastic waste in their feeding sites and excrete it as part of pellets and feces over new landscapes. In this study, the quantitative aspects of plastic transfer in pellets to the Salny island (Kola Bay, Barents Sea) by silver gulls Larus argentatus are estimated. The litter belonging to macro- and megaplastics size categories and classified as gull pellets are shown to be accumulated in the upper plateau of the Salny Island averaging the concentration of about 0.28 kg/ha. Adult birds are supposed to feed at municipal solid waste sites and carry plastic to the island during their nesting or transit stay. According to our observations, plastic ingestion is not accompanied by a decrease of the population: an increase of the nesting density on the island by 2-4 times over the observation period of 12-14 years is shown. For the first time the phenomenon of plastic waste transport by seabirds in the Russian part of the Barents Sea is described.

The paper presents data on the effect of hydrocarbon vapors and oil pollution of soil on morphological parameters and the content of the main photosynthetic pigments - chlorophylls and carotenoids - in green parts of plants of different systematic position. Under laboratory experimental conditions, an increase in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the above-ground parts of leafy moss (brium), plants of the umbrella family (chervil and femur) and cereals (foxtail) during growth in the atmosphere of oil vapors and in soil containing 0.75-3.21 % oil was observed. Under field conditions, an increased content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of Ledum and fagus was detected, and below background - in the leaves of plantain. Addition of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria (HOB) to the soil with oil increased the concentration of pigments by 30-40 %, indicating an additional stimulating effect of HOB introduction.

A method to synthesis new hybrid derivatives of α-pinene with α-aminophosphonate fragment has been developed to obtain an additional centre of metal coordination in the molecules of potential extractants for heavy metals. It has been shown that O-alkyl ethers of α-amino oximes of the pinane series can be converted according to the two-stage version of Kabachnik-Fields reaction with dimethylphosphite and benzaldehyde into new chiral α-aminophosphonates with a satisfactory preparative yield (40-42 %). According to this scheme, terpene aminophosphonates are obtained as highly lipophilic products in the form of a pair of stereoisomers with a diastereomeric purity of 49-66 %.