Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Mining Sciences 2025 number 2

In 2023, more than a third of dangerous meteorological events in the Siberian Federal District were associated with strong winds, which underscores the importance of improving the accuracy and timing of its forecasting. Modern numerical simulation and machine learning methods make it possible to improve forecasts, but the task of directly calculating wind gusts remains relevant due to the limited resolution of models. An original method is proposed for correcting the results of short-term forecast of wind gusts obtained on the basis of mesoscale models of numerical weather forecasting using advance measurements and artificial neural networks. The results show that the proposed correction method makes it possible to improve the forecast of wind gusts by various semi-empirical methods. The results can be applied in meteorology, energy, transportation, and other industries to minimize damage from dangerous weather events.

The two-pulse synchronous excitation method used for remote laser diagnostics of matter has recently attracted great interest, since it significantly expands the capabilities of traditional methods of single-pulse laser action. However, the practical implementation of the method requires strict synchronization of the instants of sending laser pulses and automated control of their time positions. Obviously, the two-pulse excitation scheme needs in more complex equipment and complicates the application of the method. The use of standard laser trigger and control tools is expensive and cumbersome and not always applicable. The article presents the specialized system for triggering laser pulses with a capability of recording the shape and position of excitation pulses with their subsequent display on a single time scale. A structural diagram and technical characteristics of the device are given. An example of using the laser trigger system to ensure the operation of a research stand for remote laser detection of organophosphorus compounds by the two-pulse laser fragmentation method of laser-induced fluorescence (LF/LIF method) is described. The developed synchronization system can be used in optical diagnostic methods, where synchronous action of two or more independent laser sources is required, to set and control the time delay between their optical pulses.

Photodissociation lasers on alkali metal halide vapors emit at the first resonance transitions of atoms. This allows using such lasers for the analysis of a number of metals in gaseous media by the absorption and resonance fluorescence method. In the first part of the work, the general principles and mechanisms of creating inversion at resonance transitions of alkali metal atoms during photodissociation of their halide molecules are considered. Data on wavelengths at the first resonance transitions of alkali metal atoms (Li, Na, R, Rb, Cs) are systematized. The main processes responsible for the formation of the spectral contour of resonance generation lines of photodissociation lasers are determined. Some features of the application of such lasers for sounding gaseous media are noted. The results can be used in the study of photodissociation generation at the first resonance transitions of alkali metal atoms.

Alkali metal halide photodissociation lasers emit at the first resonance transitions of atoms. This allows using such lasers for the analysis of a number of metals in gaseous media by the absorption and resonance fluorescence method. In the first part of the work, the general principles and mechanisms of creating inversion at resonance transitions of alkali metal atoms during photodissociation of their halide molecules are considered. Data on wavelengths at the first resonance transitions of alkali metal atoms (Li, Na, R, Rb, Cs) are systematized. The main processes responsible for the formation of the spectral contour of resonance generation lines of photodissociation lasers are determined. Some features of the application of such lasers for sounding gaseous media are noted. The results can be used in the study of photodissociation generation at the first resonance transitions of alkali metal atoms.

Theoretical studies of the ways of increasing the efficiency of second harmonic generation (SHG) in visible lasers are relevant because of common use of UV radiation in different scientific and engineering problems. The work compares three most common approaches to second harmonic generation: SHG(L), where laser radiation (LR) is guided directly into a crystal (without additional optics); SHG(F), where LR is focused into a crystal by a spherical lens; and SHG(T), where LR is compressed by a lens (or mirror) telescope before entering a crystal. The SHG efficiency is shown to be maximal at optimal transverse size of LR in a crystal, which depends on LR amplitude profile in a cross section. When SHG is implemented under near-optimal conditions, SHG(F) is the most effective. If the transverse size of LR in a crystal is noticeably larger than optimal, SHG(F) is the least effective. It is shown that the gain in SHG efficiency, which is provided by replacing a long-focus lens with a suitable telescope, can exceed 100% with an increase in the transverse size of LR in a crystal and for super-Gaussian beams. In the first part of this paper, all the results are obtained in the preset field approximation. The refined results (with a strict solution of a set of nonlinear wave equations) will be presented in the second part. The results of the study can be useful for developing efficient frequency converters for metal vapor lasers.

The modern concept of regional policy emerged during the early post-Soviet period, a time characterized by radical reforms and acute crises. The outcome of numerous reformative and anti-crisis “trial-and-error" approaches was a fragmented conglomerate of goals, objectives, institutions, and regulatory measures that addressed individual aspects of regional development in an uncoordinated and inconsistent manner. This lack of synergy in regulating spatial development resulted in an unsystematic framework dispersed across various legal acts and institutions. Such fragmentation complicates the effective organization and functioning of regional policy, fosters departmental disunity and inconsistency, and results in contradictory actions. As a consequence, regional policy is perceived as cumbersome and costly; it is often criticized for ineffectiveness. Years of partial innovations have further complicated this framework without delivering substantial overall improvements. To radically enhance the efficiency and impact of regional policy, a systemic streamlining of it as an integral phenomenon is required, transforming it into a cohesive and consistently evolving framework. This need is reinforced by the formal conclusion of the current Fundamentals of State Regional Policy in 2025. This article substantiates the rationale, prerequisites, and conceptual provisions for this proposed systematization and outlines its critical directions.

The current structure and parameters of energy supply and fuel consumption in the Arctic zone of Krasnoyarsk Krai reveal specific features of energy provision. The Arctic zone of the region is predominantly urban, with 88% of the population under study residing in cities. Its majority is concentrated in Norilsk, where the energy supply is supported by local resources and closely tied to the extraction and processing of non-ferrous and precious metal ores. The Arctic zone of Krasnoyarsk Krai hosts a large, technically isolated energy system comprising thermal and hydroelectric power plants, power transmission lines, and a gas pipeline. In contrast, remote and hard-to-reach areas, where the population mainly lives in rural settings, rely on diesel power plants for energy. These areas also have small boiler houses that supply thermal energy to social facilities such as schools, hospitals, and kindergartens. The development prospects of the Arctic zone in Krasnoyarsk Krai are linked to mineral resource development projects. These projects necessitate the enhancement and expansion of the energy infrastructure, which will drive not only industrial growth but also improvements in the social environment. As a result of our analysis, a change in the structure of energy generation capacity is expected to support both production processes and a higher quality of life for the population. Socio-economic and environmental assessment have been conducted to evaluate the current state of the region's Arctic zone and the potential impacts of promising projects.

This study presents a methodology for assessing challenges and threats to a region’s sustainable development as manifested in the sphere of population income. It outlines the theoretical foundations and historical aspects of the concept of sustainable development. The methods and criteria for identifying challenges and threats in the population income sphere are highlighted. These criteria include deviations of indicators from normative values, exceeding thresholds, significant lags from national averages for positive trends, surpassing averages for negative trends, prolonged negative dynamics, and/or a negative trend as opposed to positive nationwide patterns. Based on global and national Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Russia’s national SDG indicator framework, we identify the main indicators of challenges and threats in the population income sphere. The methodology is tested using state statistical data over more than 30 years, focusing on an agro-industrial region, namely Altai Krai. Normative and threshold values are determined, guided by the concepts of sustainable development, economic security, and social reproduction, to assess the severity and persistence of challenges and threats in the population income sphere in Altai Krai. The study identifies the following key challenges and threats: (1) Excessively low incomes, reflected in a sustained and significant lag in the growth of real incomes and wages compared to 1990 levels and national averages, as well as in the low purchasing power of per capita monetary incomes and average monthly wages; and (2) Widespread poverty and persistently high income inequality that exceeds established thresholds.

Human activities are influenced, among other factors, by the value systems to which individuals adhere. These values develop gradually, change minimally, and depend on national, regional, and industry-specific characteristics. For the most part, their impact on people’s behavior and perceptions is stable and difficult to control. However, understanding these values and managing people effectively can enhance work efficiency. Sverdlovsk Oblast, as a distinct territory in Russia and the Urals, has a unique history and diverse landscapes, it plays a significant role in the country’s economy and industry. This has historically shaped a specific system of values among the people of the Urals, which can and should be leveraged in personnel management to improve employee performance. The purpose of this study is to identify and substantiate the key foundational values of the “mining civilization" that have emerged in the Urals and explore their application in managing personnel at regional enterprises. The research employs several methods, including a retrospective and historical analysis of industrial enterprises’ activities across different historical periods, interviews with managers of enterprises in Sverdlovsk Oblast and government officials interacting with them, and focus groups with experts in personnel management. The findings reveal that the workforce of Ural enterprises exhibits particular values that complement, rather than replace, the core values of the average Russian worker. Due to the region’s importance and historical context, workers here demonstrate a sense of selectivity and the special role of Ural enterprises in the country’s development (e.g., “The Urals as the backbone of Russia", “The Urals as the stronghold of mining civilization", “The Urals as the crossroads of civilizations "). These values are distinctive to the region’s inhabitants. Incorporating the Urals ’ unique value system into personnel management strategies can, in our view, boost employee productivity and facilitate effective career guidance for young people, encouraging them to remain in the region.

This article examines the challenges of “macro-regionalization" in the international relations of the Russian Federation, using the economic and scientific-technical interactions between Siberia and Central Asia as a case study. The potential for economic development in Central Asia, one of the rapidly growing macro-regions of the Eurasian continent, is analyzed. The study emphasizes the need to abandon outdated myths and stereotypes when evaluating economic and scientific-technical interactions between Central Asian countries and the regions of Siberia. Two key misconceptions are highlighted: a) Siberia is merely a “resource colony" of Russia with an underdeveloped technological system, still trapped in a “resource curse"; and b) Kazakhstan and the former Central Asian republics are economically underdeveloped post-Soviet states. The article concludes that, within the evolving framework of Russia’s transboundary interactions in recent years, Central Asia should become one of the most significant areas for international cooperation. The outcomes of the 2nd International Conference “Siberia-Central Asia: Economic, Historical, and Humanitarian Interactions" (Novosibirsk, October 2024) are reviewed. Additionally, we discuss approaches to forming the strategic initiative “Siberia-Central Asia Economic and Scientific-Technical Bridge" and establishing an international consortium of analytical centers on this issue as a tool for scientific support.

Central Asia, as defined by most international organizations, comprises five independent states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Russia has historically been an important partner for this region, with deep-rooted foundations for interaction. However, despite the economic rationale for closer integration, the relationship remains fragmented. Over the 30 years of independence, only partial integration mechanisms have been established with no signs of a coherent economic space due to considerable obstacles to integration. This article analyzes the economies of Central Asian countries and the challenges facing the region that hinder interactions. The obstacles include disparities in economic development levels among the states, the instability of their political systems in response to external and internal shocks, and the incomplete nature of reform processes. These challenges are further compounded by rising geopolitical tensions in neighboring areas. The study evaluates the outcomes of cooperation between Central Asian countries and Russia up to 2015 and examines the reforms initiated since 2016 that have contributed to strengthening interactions. It highlights the need for a country capable of systematically leading integration efforts in the region at this modern stage. Based on an analysis of internal and external barriers to economic rapprochement, we identify Kazakhstan as the most suitable candidate to assume this role.

The article provides an expert opinion on the development of transport infrastructure in Western Siberia, which expands and strengthens foreign economic relations with China and Central Asian countries. It presents current data on freight volumes and the development of the transport and logistics infrastructure of the Novosibirsk transport hub. The figures cited are based on an analysis of transport operations in Novosibirsk Oblast conducted by the Union of Transport, Forwarder and Logistic Companies of Siberia at the request of the Government of Novosibirsk Oblast. The analysis of existing freight transportation schemes reveals that the infrastructure of the Novosibirsk transport and logistics hub serves not only the economic needs of Novosibirsk Oblast itself but also those of neighboring areas in Western Siberia, including Omsk, Tomsk, and Kemerovo Oblasts, Altai Krai, parts of Krasnoyarsk Krai, and some adjacent districts in Kazakhstan. Established routes include connections from Novosibirsk to Russia’s Far Eastern ports and further to China and Asia-Pacific countries, as well as Novosibirsk-Vladivostok-China, Novosibirsk-Zabaykalsk-China, andNovosibirsk-Kazakhstan-China. New logistics chains are also emerging, extending to countries in the Global South, such as Novosibirsk-Central Asian countries-Iran-India. The continued expansion of these transport links largely depends on the development level of the transport and logistics infrastructure at the Novosibirsk hub.

Awareness of the need to shift the development paradigm has led to the formation of the circular economy (CE) concept and the search for practical ways to transition industries and business sectors to this new model. Despite the limited research on the applicability of the CE concept in tourism, as noted by many authors, there is growing recognition that the circular transition and the application of CE principles by participants in the tourism sector are inevitable. However, there are several significant organizational, economic, and institutional barriers - both general and specific to the tourism sector - that hinder CE formation and development. Studies on triggers and barriers identify underdeveloped institutional conditions as the primary obstacles to the circular transformation of tourism. These include the failure to incorporate transition goals into strategies and plans for the development of tourism and tourist destinations, as well as the insufficient infrastructure needed to support CE functioning. The current research seeks to assess the maturity level of these conditions in the Russian economy’s tourism sector. It aims to determine the extent to which the goals and objectives for environmentally oriented infrastructure modernization and the creation of tourism CE infrastructure are reflected in official strategic planning documents at various levels of governance. The research findings indicate that, at the federal level, goals and objectives are being set for CE formation and certain components of CE infrastructure. Measures are being taken to establish the necessary institutional and organizational conditions, although there remains a lack of deep understanding of the CE concept and awareness of the need for a systematic approach to building CE infrastructure. At the regional and municipal levels, such goals are not set, even in the long term. This represents a significant barrier to the implementation of federal initiatives and highlights the need for meaningful coordination of goals and strategies to ensure their achievement.

The relevance of this study stems from the need to accelerate the transition of the Russian tourism industry, particularly the accommodation sector, to the principles of sustainable development. This transition emphasizes the rational use of resources, preservation of cultural values, and engagement of local communities. The study aims to identify challenges and determine the conditions and tools necessary for promoting ESG principles in the Russian tourism sector. The focus of the research is on the current level of environ-mentalization (“greening") in domestic accommodation facilities, as well as the factors that hinder or stimulate the industry’s transition toward eco-friendliness and sustainable development. The study methodology involved a survey of accommodation industry representatives, including owners, managers, and line staff, from various regions of the Russian Federation. A total of 73 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Additionally, data from open sources, including information on tourists’ preferences regarding sustainable tourism, were utilized. The results indicate that, at present, Russian accommodation facilities primarily implement measures that yield direct savings of resources such as energy and water. However, expert organizations’ recommendations have minimal influence on their “green" agenda. The main obstacles include a lack of domain-specific knowledge, concerns about high costs, insufficient incentives, and low demand for ecotourism products among tourists. The study revealed a strong demand for state support and the creation of a “best ESG practices " repository of in tourism. Most respondents expressed support for establishing a national certification system for eco-friendly and sustainable accommodation facilities. The conclusions and recommendations of this study can be used by government bodies to develop relevant policies, as well as by industry associations and accommodation managers in formulating sustainable development strategies.

The article examines the main results and prospective research directions of the Department of Regional and Municipal Administration at the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering SB RAS, including the methodological foundations of the strategic planning and management system, the principles and structural elements for forming a new model of managing a region’s socio-economic processes in the context of global economic transformations, the key components of a new strategic management mechanism for the economy, and the justification of management models for the development of Russian regions under geopolitical and economic challenges and threats. Through the analysis and synthesis of institutional aspects of state and municipal authorities’ activities, the study identifies the features of the modern management structure and proposes directions for establishing a coherent system of regional and municipal development management. It also determines the main elements of the state and municipal governance mechanism under new socio-economic conditions in the Russian Federation. The article discusses the key provisions of the regional and municipal management concept under current conditions, which include considering economic interests and contradictions in regional economic development, analyzing interactions between state and market structures, developing an institutional system for managing regional development, assessing the efficiency of regional economic management, and studying formation of a socio-economic environment that enhances the competitiveness of cities and districts. This is achieved by increasing investment attractiveness and ensuring the effective use of budgetary funds. These measures will create the prerequisites for transitioning to a management model that ensures real economic autonomy and strengthens the role of municipal entities in implementing regional economic development strategies.

Digital transformation is a key factor in improving the productivity of Russian enterprises. The national project titled “Labor Productivity” aims to stimulate productivity growth at the enterprise level, including through the adoption of digital technologies. A digital platform, эффективность.рф, developed by the Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization Digital Productivity Technologies (CTP), operates as part of this project. The platform provides enterprises with tools for digitalizing business processes, helping to optimize production chains, reduce costs, and improve management efficiency. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the government-proposed digitalization mechanism and its demand among enterprises. The subject of the research is the interaction of enterprises with the эффективность.рф digital ecosystem. The study formulates the hypothesis that a systematic and comprehensive approach to state regulation and support measures is essential for advancing enterprise digitalization. The article employs methods of structural and dynamic analysis using data from the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System (UISIS), the digital platforms производительность.рф and эффективность.рф, and the SPARK-Interfax analytical system. We have conducted semi-structured interviews to gather feedback from enterprises participating in the national project regarding the effectiveness of the digital platform. The study analyzes the performance metrics of the эффективность.рф digital ecosystem over the period 2021-2024. The survey results reveal low awareness and interest among enterprises regarding the эффективность.рф platform. The research identifies the challenges enterprises face in digitalizing within the framework of this interaction mechanism. Despite the availability of domestic IT solutions, many enterprises remain unprepared or uninterested in adopting them. The findings of this study can contribute to identifying ways to improve enterprise engagement with the platform, facilitating the successful implementation of digital technologies within the framework of the national project.

In the article, we consider linear second-order differential algebraic equations (DAEs) on a finite interval of integration with given initial data. A class of problems with a unique sufficiently smooth solution is identified in terms of matrix polynomials. We assume that the solution to the problem may contain rigid and rapidly oscillating components. This paper highlights the main challenges of developing algorithms for numerical solutions to the class of problems under consideration. We propose to represent the original problem in the form of a system of integral differential or integral equations with an identically degenerate matrix in front of the main part for constructing effective methods of numerical solution of second-order DAEs. Moreover, we construct numerical solution methods for problems represented in this way. These algorithms are based on explicit Adams quadrature formulas for calculating the integral term and on extrapolation formulas for other terms. The results of test example calculations are presented and analyzed.

Aiming at the problem that observation errors exist in both the observation vector and the coefficient matrix for an autoregressive model, a new parameter estimation method is proposed. First, the observation vector and coefficient matrix are recombined, which avoids the situation that the same observation value appears in both the observation vector and the coefficient matrix. Then a detailed algorithm is derived based on the principle of total least squares and indirect adjustment. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by an analysis of validation and simulation examples and compared with the weighted total least squares and the correlation total least squares.

This paper introduces an approach for approximating solutions to multi-high-order fractional-differential equations by employing the Caputo fractional derivative, along with initial conditions. The technique is based on standard collocation points and Touchard polynomials. The linear equation and its initial conditions can be transformed into matrix relations by the new method, making it easier to solve a linear algebraic equation with generalized Touchard coefficients as unknowns. Also, emphasizing computational efficiency, the method is illustrated with examples.

Some iterative processes in Krylov subspaces are considered for solving systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) with high-order sparse matrices that arise in grid approximations of multidimensional boundary value problems. The SLAE are preconditioned by a uniform combined method that includes domain decomposition and recursive application of a two-grid algorithm, which are implemented by forming block-tridiagonal algebraic and grid structures inverted by using incomplete factorization and diagonal compensation. For some Stieltjes systems, stability and convergence of iterations are studied. Parallelization and generalization of the methods to wider classes of relevant practical problems are discussed.

Algorithms for solving ensembles of ODEs with sets of different input data arising from modeling chemical kinetics are considered with an operator splitting scheme for multiphysical calculations. The efficiency of an algorithm combining clustering of an input data ensemble and estimating of the solution within the cluster is evaluated by using a sensitivity matrix obtained by solving adjoint equations. The algorithm is implemented on the basis of numerical schemes consistent in the sense of a discrete Lagrange identity for solving ODE systems of the production-destruction type. The contribution of the clustering and the sensitivity matrix to the performance of the algorithm is evaluated. The results of testing the algorithm with atmospheric chemistry scenarios show that the algorithm allows one to reduce the calculation time with an acceptable decrease in accuracy.

We study a one-dimensional problem of an infinite tube which is open in the right and there is a piston put at one end in the left. Due to the fact that the computational domain is finite while the domain of the problem is infinite, the numerical result is affected by the presence of a reflected wave that appears when a shock travels to the right and interacts with the right boundary. Thus there is a need of implementing a non-reflecting boundary condition in order to eliminate as much as possible the effect of the reflected wave. In this paper, we use the Euler equations in mass Lagrangian coordinates as the governing equations and apply a finite volume method to compute the numerical solution. In order to deal with the reflected wave, we use a Burgers-like equation in an additional computational domain. The numerical results we obtain show that the numerical error is reduced significantly.

This paper presents a two-grid method for solving nonlinear time fractional diffusion equations (TFDEs). First, a fully discrete scheme is constructed by using P²₀- P₁ mixed finite elements (MFEs) and L1 formula for spatial and temporal discretization, respectively. Second, the stability and error of the fully discrete scheme are analyzed. Third, a two-grid algorithm (TGA) based on the fully discrete scheme is proposed and its stability and error analysis results are derived. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to support the theoretical results.

The authors performed a series of DEM-based numerical experiments connected with complex loading of a granular medium with continuous rotation of the principal axes of strains. The question of a trace of delay in the scalar and vector properties in the medium by Ilyushin is discussed. On the authority of the dilatancy analysis, the delay trace is calculated for the scalar properties of the granular medium. The delay in the vector properties is found in terms of the change in the directions of the principal axes of stresses, strains and strain rates during loading. The quantitative evaluations are given. It is found that the delay trace in granular media is one-two orders of magnitude higher than in metals.

The article analyzes the concepts of surveyability and rigor of mathematical proof. It is shown that surveyability and rigor can be considered contextually. These concepts are considered in the context of mathematical practice. Several examples from the history of mathematics reveal the contextual nature of the concept of rigor. It is shown that the concept of rigor can be considered similar to the concept of surveyability. Distinguishing of mesoscopic surveyability suggests the possible distinguishing of an intermediate concept of rigor in addition to global and local rigor.,

The paper comprehends the problem of the free will in terms of determinism and demonstrates the consistency of Laplace's demon in the context of predicting the dynamics of the states of systems with complex behavior using the example of cellular automata

In the philosophy of biology, the concept “measure of life” describes the phenomenon of life in its qualitative and quantitative integrity. This integrity is the result of the optimization of biosystems, wherein top-down causation, i.e. the determination of lower-level instances by higher-level variables, is actualized. In its initial forms, top-down causation is constrained in its scope, integrating only select aspects of life, either quantitative aspects (adaptive control) or qualitative aspects (feedback control). As biosystems evolve, the forms of downward causality become more complex (adaptive information control), which enables combining both the quality and quantity of life into the category of measure. The development of control mechanisms in biosystems allows for flexible behavior in accordance with environmental demands and the formation of new goals to achieve outcomes beneficial for the organism.,

Since the dawn of pharmacotherapy, one of the main questions has been which drug is effective for treating a particular disease. Researchers agree that the formation of experimental foundations for testing the effectiveness of drugs dates back to the period of the scientific revolution of the 17th century, when James Lind carried out an experiment on treating scurvy with citrus fruits, and the first clinical trial conducted according to the canons of modern evidence-based medicine dates back to 1948. The article provides a retrospective analysis of some pharmacotherapy practices that preceded this period in order to trace the development of clinical trial methodology from stochastic practices to meaningful scientific decisions that resulted in the formation of a modern paradigm of biomedical experiments involving of humans as subjects. The relevance of the study is based on the identification and description of the main stages in the development of the study of pharmacotherapy practices, which is why this review seems important for further study of the history of clinical trials.,

The article reveals aspects of simple, fundamental and contextual demarcation and the related understanding of the boundary and cross-boundary nature of the scientific field, their weaknesses and difficulties in applying them to the current reality of science. The author presents pluralistic demarcation, in particular the cluster approach of M. Mahner and D. Fernandez-Beanato, as the most effective for solving the problem of establishing the boundaries of science. Changes in the implementation of demarcation procedures lead to an understanding of the transboundary nature of science. Transboundarity is defined as a phenomenon with a complex structure including interconnected grounds (geographical, historical, functional, and political). It is most clearly expressed in the context of digitalization, when political and geographical limits are technically leveled. Transboundary science is a field of cooperation, a field of conflict and a field of emergence of new boundaries and areas of knowledge. In this case, the boundary is understood as a social construct that forms ideas about the stable identification of science, stable relations within the scientific community, and the priority of scientific truth in the perception of practitioners (scientists) and society. The author concludes that the development of provisions for transboundary science is becoming relevant in the current agenda.,

The paper aims to offer an analysis and specification of time, temporariness and transience within narrative and narrative research. Despite the substantive variety and methodological diversity of narrative research, the temporal order is recognized as its fundamental criterion. On the one hand, time specifies narrative and allows differentiating narrative from other types of discourse; on the other hand, it performs referential (communicative) and evaluative functions. In contrast to the Eurocentric and logocentric understanding of time, P. Ricoeur justifies the need to consider chronological (“episodic”, “hourly”) and non-chronological times, since it is the latter that plays a crucial role in the narration of the experience of the past. The result of this approach is the division of time: the time of past events, the time of narrative telling, and the time defined by the final event. The complication of time also occurs in terms of frequency, duration and order. The example of the analysis of “turning events” shows that it is the “configuration of time” that recontextualizes the experience of the past in terms of its consequences, which is true for both personally significant and collective narratives.,

The purpose of the article is to understand the results of the digitalization of science and to find answers to the question: is the digitalization of science limited to changes in the methods of recording and transmitting information, or does it lead to a fundamental modification of the cognitive and social aspects of scientific activity? The methodological framework of the study contains two explanatory schemes - externalism and internalism, as well as the position of epistemological constructivism. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. Digitalization gives rise to new means of scientific communication - digital platforms. The platformization of science entails changes in the social forms of existence of science, turning digital platforms into elements of the institutional structure of the scientific community, into social institutions through which the scientific community and society as a whole interact. Within the framework of digital platforms, specific institutional norms of scientific activity are formed and a new image of a scientist is crystallized, including a digital scientist, a data scientist, and a scientific blogger. In line with digitalization, there is a tendency to rethink the current scientific picture of the world; the idea of the Universe as computable information or as a giant quantum computer appears. Digitalization contributes to the formation of a new understanding of the objectivity of scientific knowledge as interobjectivity resulted from the transformation of digital technologies and tools into full-fledged participants in cognitive activity. It actualizes new epistemologies, namely “ethistemology of big data”, which absolutizes the methodology of big data, and “epistemology of domains”, which combines traditional methods of scientific research and the methodology of big data. The conclusion is the following: digitalization entails a fundamental transformation of scientific thinking and scientific activity.,

The article aims to develop an approach to the theoretical justification of the use of machine learning (ML) methods in natural sciences. The main obstacle on this path is the problem of the “black box”, or “epistemic opacity”, which is the lack of access to all elements of the cognitive process carried out through ML. In developing the approach, the authors formulate a criterion that must be met to solve the problem. The authors point out that the reason for turning to machine learning in natural sciences is the limited applicability of traditional analytical and qualitative methods for studying nature, since human thinking has reached its limits in their use - because of the complexity and multidimensionality of the studied systems. Therefore, the solution to the “black box” problem must explain how ML can overcome these limits, i.e. how human thinking can access a domain of knowledge that is inaccessible to it due to its own internal limitations. In this regard, it is argued that the approach that spontaneously formed within computer science cannot serve as a basis for solving this task. Such an approach involves incorporating existing scientific knowledge into ML tools in order to fight against bias, which is characteristic of machine learning, i.e. the researcher’s subjective assumptions that are necessary for successful generalization beyond the training set. The authors show that incorporating scientific knowledge into ML tools has only applied value and does not solve the problem of theoretical justification, since it does not meet the criterion they propose - it does not overcome the limits of human thinking, but merely aligns ML results with existing scientific knowledge.,

This work is a natural extension of the previous study which the authors undertook in relation to the problem of digital transformation of organizations and outlined in the first part of the article. Unlike the first part, here the main focus is on presenting the results of the analysis of the problem of digital transformation of the subject component of economic actors. In addition, the results of the analysis of what organizational order currently exist in organizations, how and with what tools their digital transformation is carried out, why they are not adequate to the new organizational order, where everything is going and what everything can come to will also be presented. Note that the numbering of sections, figures and tables in this work continues the numbering in the first part of the article. Subsequent works of the cycle of articles planned by the authors will discuss the methodological and technological issues of the proposed approach to the digital transformation of the subjects of economic actor management.,

The main attention of the article is focused on the porosity distribution of the unconsolidated part of various types of pressure ice ridges as a granular medium. The porosity estimate was obtained by processing records of the penetration rate of thermal drilling of ice ridges. The variability of the porosity of ice ridges caused by the action of gravity and the Archimedes force during ice ridge formation is analyzed. It is shown that the porosity distribution in the sails of first-year drifting ice ridges and ice ridges in the fast ice is approximately the same, but the keel porosity in the ice ridges of the fast ice is slightly shifted towards lower values. The porosity of the sail, the blocks of which are more elongated and thinner, is higher that the porosity of the sail composed of thicker ice blocks. The tendency to a decrease in the average porosity of the sail and keel of pressure ice ridges with the distance from the ice surface deep into the ice ridge is preserved with an increase in the age of the ice ridge, but becomes less pronounced.

Experimental studies of phase transformations in frozen hydrate-containing fine sand samples during their interaction with frozen saline solutions have been conducted using low-field NMR relaxometry. The obtained results confirm that the amount of liquid water in the investigated samples increases over time as a result of salt transfer and dissociation of pore hydrate. In addition to the pore hydrate dissociation and supercooled water content increase, a reverse process occurs, which is associated with the freezing of the pore solution as a result of a decrease in the salt ions concentration. The performed studies enable identifying the boundary of the area with the high liquid water content in soil systems in the direction of salt migration. In this case, the velocity of this front in the target samples was determined not only by the concentration of the contacting solution but also by the initial content of the liquid water phase and the conditions of the pore hydrate existence. Thus, the movement of the liquid water front in frozen sands containing metastable hydrates occurs approximately 30-40 % faster than in similar soils containing stable hydrates, which is in good agreement with the results of previous studies. As a result, the developed NMR technique opens up a great potential for permafrost and gas hydrate studies in general and, in particular, for understanding the contribution of nonequilibrium and equilibrium liquid water to the salt ions migration mechanism in frozen and hydrate-containing soils.

An analysis of samples of cryoconite and moraine material collected on the surface of the Eastern Mugur Glacier (Mongun-Taiga Ridge, southeastern Altai) was carried out. The results of metagenomic analysis indicate significant differences in the microbiota of cryoconites at different altitudes of the glacier: at the maximum altitude, the absolute dominance of actinobacteria from the Kineosporiaceae family was noted; closer to the edge, actinobacteria from the Microbacteriaceae family predominated. Representatives with a wide ecological amplitude, as well as psychrophilic and extremophilic bacteria (representatives of the Kineosporiaceae and Geodermatophilaceae families) were found in the cryoconites, which probably indicates different pathways for the microorganisms to enter the cryoconites and possible differences in the time of their presence in these habitats. Actinobacteria are most adapted to the extreme conditions that develop in the cryoconites of the Eastern Mugur Glacier, which contributes to the accumulation of primary biomass and the formation of organomineral substances in cryoconite holes. As one approaches the edge of the glacier, the taxonomic diversity and proportion of microorganisms with a wide ecological amplitude increase, which is probably explained by the airborne transport of particles of moraine material settling in the cryoconites. In the surface moraine material at the edge of the glacier, proteobacteria (representatives of the Sphingomonadaceae family) turned out to be superdominants, which may be associated with the processes of initial soil formation.

Calculation for examples of frozen soils with temperatures of -3 and -6 °C using both numerical and analytical methods demonstrated that for an analytical description of the frozen soil thawing during the well operation period, the problem statement in the Leibenson form can be used with the assignment of an exact solution for the temperature in an unlimited part of space. The solution for the thawing radius in such a problem is written in a form close to self-similar. An exact analytical solution is obtained for the equation describing the change in the talik size upon its refreezing. It is shown that the time of refreezing of the talik depends not only on its size but also on the history of its formation. It is established that there is a boundary soil temperature value, below which the talik refreezing time is less than the time of its formation. At a soil temperature above the boundary value, the relationship between these times is inverse. At the final stages of well support design, it is recommended to rely on the results of numerical calculations of the parameters of thawing and refreezing processes using high-quality software products. The accuracy of the analytical method does not fully meet the requirements for the accuracy of the forecast during design, but it allows for fairly reliable tracking of trends in the evolution of process parameters, preserves the order of the calculated values, and ensures a high speed of their assessment. This allows us to recommend the use of the analytical method for operational assessments of thawing and refreezing processes at the preparatory stages of surveys for construction and in the design of well support structures, in monitoring studies, as well as at the stages of debugging standard computing programs for a specific task.

The variability of average and extreme seasonal snow depth values on the East European Plains has been assessed taking into account regional characteristics of the meteorological regime. The regional distribution of average and extreme (5th and 95th percentiles, minimum and maximum extremes) snow depth values has been clarified. A tendency for a long-term decrease in the average and extreme snow depth values with an increase in air temperature and precipitation has been revealed. According to the results of regression analysis, the dependence of long-term dynamics of snow depth on meteorological characteristics is more pronounced for maximum extremes. The most significant contribution to changes in the snow cover depth belongs to the variability in precipitation. The difference integral curves indicate the presence of two negative phases of snow depth characteristics in 1985-1995 and 2005-2015, which corresponds to the long-term features of atmospheric circulation. Based on data from reference weather stations, the accuracy of snow depth calculations using ERA 5-Land reanalysis has been estimated: the relative error reaches 45-50 %, and linear trend coefficients differ by 1.5-3 times, which should be taken into account when using the calculated values.

The thickness and thermal properties of snow cover play a significant role in the formation of the thermal regime of the ground surface and an urban heat island in regions with cold or temperate climate. This article describes the results of laboratory and field studies of the snow thermal properties in Yekaterinburg carried out in 2023/24. The thermal conductivity vs density dependence for different types of snow, including snow contaminated with pollutants typical of Yekaterinburg, was investigated in laboratory using the needle probe method. A regional dependence of thermal conductivity of the snow on its density was plotted. The snow cover depth and the vertical distribution of snow density were measured in situ at the geothermal test site of the Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based on these data and taking into account the obtained density vs thermal conductivity dependence, time sections of changes in the density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal effusivity of the snow cover in the 2023/24 season were constructed.

On March 7, 2025, at the age of nearly 80, just a few months before his jubilee, Stanislav Victorovich Gubin, Doctor of Biological Sciences, leading researcher of the Department of Soil Cryology of the Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow Region, Pushchino), suddenly passed away. Stanislav Viсtorovich will be remembered as a remarkable permafrost soil scientist and experienced field worker.