S.Yu. Stepanov1, E.S. Shagalov1, R.S. Palamarchuk2, A.V. Kutyrev3, L.N. Sharpenok4, F.M. Nabiullin5, A.N. Troshkina5
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:777:"1Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Akademika Vonsovskogo 14, Yekaterinburg, 620016, Russia 2South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, territory of the Ilmeny State Reserve, Miass, Chelyabinsk Region, 456317, Russia 3Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, bul’v. Piipa 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia 4A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute, Srednii prosp. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia 5OOO Berezovskii Rudnik, ul. Berezovskii trakt 1, Berezovskii, Sverdlovsk Region, 623703, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Gold deposits, geochemical gold mineral assemblage, REE, apogranite metasomatites, Middle Urals, Berezovskoe ore field
We present results of petrographic, geochemical, and mineralogical studies of apogranite metasomatites associated with sulfide-quartz gold ore veins. The studies show a predominance of muscovite and quartz-muscovite metasomatites. Formation of muscovite metasomatites was accompanied by the accumulation of W, Sc, Zr, Hf, Ga, REE, U, Th, Ta, and Nb and the genesis of new accessory minerals: monazite-(Ce), apatite, zircon, scheelite, W-containing rutile, uraninite, thorianite, cassiterite, etc. Compared with the primary granites, quartz-muscovite metasomatites are richer in Pb, Bi, As, Sb, Co, Ni, Ba, In, Cd, Mo, Te, Ag, and Au (elements of the gold ore assemblage). The high contents of these trace elements are due to abundant galena, fahlores, chalcopyrite, and pyrite among the accessory minerals. Metasomatism of granites was followed by the removal of SiO2, which was then spent for the formation of quartz veins. We have revealed that the distribution of metasomatites of different types within a dike body affects directly the distribution of sulfide-quartz veins and thus determines the ore content of the dike body fragments.
S.E. Znamenskii1, N.N. Ankusheva2,3, A.V. Snachev1 1Institute of Geology, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. K. Marksa 16/2, Ufa, 450077, Russia 2Institute of Mineralogy, South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilmensky Reserve 1, Miass, 456317, Russia 3South Ural State University, ul. 8 Iyulya 10, Miass, 456304, Russia
Keywords: Porphyry gold deposit, fluid inclusions, REE, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur isotopes, South Urals
We studied fluid inclusions, trace elements, and oxygen, carbon, and sulfur isotope ratios in minerals from stockwork sulfide-carbonate-quartz ores of the Nikolaevskoe gold deposit confined to volcanic island arc porphyry intrusions. The study shows that fluid inclusions in quartz were homogenized at 260-200 ºС and those in later formed calcite, at 227-205 ºС. The fluids contain aqueous K-Mg-Na chloride solutions with salinity of 4.1-9.6 wt. % NaCl eq. Raman spectroscopy revealed СO2 (29-34 mol. %), CH4 (40-55 mol. %), and N2 (8-30 mol. %) in the fluids. According to LA-ICP-MS data, quartz has low contents of Al (11.7-102 ppm) and Ti (0.05-0.64 ppm), which indicates its deposition from weakly acid low-alumina fluids at <350 ºС. The REE patterns of calcite show accumulation of heavy lanthanides (La N /Yb N = 0.2-0.9), evident of high fluid alkalinity, and negative Ce (0.39-0.82) and positive Eu (1.99-5.25) anomalies. The negative Ce anomalies are due to meteoric water in the fluid and the fluid interaction with limestones. The positive Eu anomalies reflect the high-temperature (>250 ºC) environment that existed before the calcite crystallization. The Y/Ho ratio in calcite (28.7-54.1) suggests that the fluid has magmatic components and components extracted from limestones and contains seawater. The δ18ОH2O values (3.6 to 5.6 ‰) of the fluid testify to the participation of magmatic and meteoric waters in the ore formation. The δ13ССO2 values (-4.1 to 1.4 ‰) point to carbon of magmatic nature and carbon extracted from limestones. The heavy sulfur isotope composition of pyrite (6.75-9.87 ‰) and arsenopyrite (8.7 ‰) might be due to sulfur supply from the host rocks or to the participation of [SO4]2- of seawater in the ore-forming process. According to the results obtained, the Nikolaevskoe gold deposit is an island arc (Au ± Cu)-quartz-sulfide deposit transitional between porphyry and epithermal types.
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:183:"A.Ya. Medvedev1, M.A. Gornova1, S.I. Dril’1, A.A. Karimov1, V.A. Belyaev1, A.V. Ivanov2, E.I. Demonterova2";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:287:"1Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Favorskogo 1a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia 2Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Basalts, pressure, temperature, parental melt, crystallization sequence, plume, Pb-Nd-Sr isotopy
We have estimated the P-T conditions of formation of basaltoid melts: P = 1.15-1.06 GPa and T = 1379-1293 ºC. Olivine pyroxenites (Ol + Cpx + Grt) are assumed to be a mantle source for nepheline-normative basanitic melts. During transition, the melt trapped mantle xenoliths, which were disintegrated into olivine and augite xenocrysts. A decrease in pressure and temperature led to the crystallization of highly magnesian (Mg# = 86) olivine and diopside and Timgt + Ilm ± Pl phenocrysts. Then, the Ol + Cpx + Timgt + Pl microlite paragenesis formed. Alkaline aluminosilicates (acid plagioclase + nepheline + leucite) were the last to crystallize in the rock interstices. The presence of residual glass indicates that the last stage of crystallization took place under subsurface conditions. The volcanic area of southern Transbaikalia (Khentei Ridge) resulted, most likely, from the mantle plume impact on the lithosphere. The age of this area is estimated at 3.51 Ma. PREMA was the main mantle source for these volcanics, and the contribution of HIMU was strongly subordinate. In geochemical features the studied volcanics correspond to mafic rocks of oceanic islands. They are similar in composition to alkali basalts of the South Baikal volcanic area.
A.M. Plyusnin1,2, Z.I. Khazheeva1, S.S. Sanzhanova1, E.G. Peryazeva1, N.A. Angakhaeva1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:262:"1Geological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sakh’yanovoi 6a, Ulan Ude, 670047, Russia 2East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, ul. Klyuchevskaya 40V, str. 1, Ulan-Ude, 670013, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Mineral lakes, evaporation, freezing-out, sulfate ion, trace elements, REE, isotope composition, bottom sediments
The paper discusses the formation of the chemical composition of water in the sulfate mineral lakes of western Transbaikalia. It is shown that sodium sulfate water in the regional lakes forms in two zones of continental salinization, the Barguzin and Gusinoe Ozero-Orongoi depressions. The average mineralization of the lakes reaches 30.8 g/L, pH = 7.90-8.84, the fractional content of sulfate ion is 55.2-81.8 % eq, and the fractional content of sodium ion is 59.1-82.1 % eq. The paper presents the major-ion and trace-element composition of lake waters and the chemical and mineral composition of bottom sediments. It is shown that groundwater enriched in sodium sulfate plays a major role in the lake formation.
D.A. Novikov1,2 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Total gas saturation, water-gas system, equilibrium, modeling, degree of water saturation with gases, fugacity, hydrocarbon deposit, Yamal-Kara depression, West Siberia, Arctic
The paper presents results of the pioneering study of equilibria in the water-gas system by the example of Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits of the Yamal-Kara depression located within northern West Siberia and its Arctic regions. Numerical modeling of physicochemical equilibria and evasion-invasion processes in the water-gas system allowed determination of the degree of groundwater saturation with gases and the nature of diffusive redistribution of gases in the media that form at the hydrocarbon deposit-groundwater contact. According to the degree of water saturation with gases ( Kg ), aquifers with poorly (<0.2) to ultimately (0.8-1.0) gas-saturated waters have been established. The revealed increase in the degree of groundwater saturation with gases in sinking producing reservoirs reflects its dependence on their total gas saturation. All waters with a total gas saturation of more than 1.8 L/L become ultimately saturated with gases ( Kg = 1.0), thus theoretically predetermining the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. Major gas condensate deposits are confined to the zone of gas-saturated waters with Kg from 0.8 to 1.0, while oil accumulations, to waters with lower gas saturation. Based on the established nature of water-gas, we can argue that oil and gas accumulations in Jurassic-Cretaceous reservoirs act as a conservative element of the lithosphere, i.e., its geologic and geochemical “relics”. The surrounding subsurface waters, as a more active constituent of the system, have largely anticipated its geochemical development, which is manifested in the differentiation of the fugacity ratios of individual gases in groundwater and hydrocarbon accumulations. The composition of the latter is therefore subjected to slow directional changes while the equilibrium is established, to usher in the qualitatively new state of the geochemical water-gas system.
A.E. Kontorovich1,2, K.V. Dolzhenko1,2, A.N. Fomin1,2 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Vilyui hemisyneclise, upper Paleozoic deposits, terrestrial organic matter, pyrolysis, hydrocarbon type composition, biomarker hydrocarbons, catagenesis
A combination of modern analytical methods was used to study terrestrial organic matter from upper Paleozoic rocks in the central part of the Vulyui hemisyneclise (East Siberia), sampled from the depth interval 3370-6458 m penetrated by the Srednevilyuiskaya-27 superdeep well. In this study we used 71 core samples to trace depth variations in the geochemical characteristics of organic matter during middle-late mesocatagenesis and apocatagenesis: organic-carbon content (Corg), Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters (HI, Т max), carbon isotope composition, thermal maturity ( R oVt, %), hydrocarbon type composition (hydrocarbons, resins, and asphaltenes), distributions of n -alkanes (TIC), steranes ( m / z 217), and terpanes ( m / z 191), and standard biomarker indices with increasing degree of thermal maturity. It is shown that during late mesocatagenesis and apocatagenesis, the pyrolysis parameters and biomarker indicators are no longer effective as indicators of organic-matter maturity and genesis.
The work is a study of the geologic structure and hydrocarbon generation potential of Devonian terrigenous strata in the Perm Territory. Prediction for new oil fields is made using quantitative criteria for determining the scale of oil generation by the petroleum source rocks of this petroleum system and the scale of the oil migration. An integrated approach is used, which makes it possible to follow all stages of petroleum generation in the Devonian terrigenous strata. The above petroleum system is the most buried of all commercial ones in the region; it has an intricate geologic structure and is less drilled than others but is considered to be promising for oil resource enhancement. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment with regard to both quantitative criteria and genetic parameters is a necessary step in the future planning of geological surveys. The results obtained during this work point to a low hydrocarbon generation potential of the Devonian terrigenous strata within the study area. This research has first established no genetic relationship between the oils and the organic matter of the Devonian terrigenous strata but has revealed a genetic relationship between these oils and the oils and organic matter of the Upper Devonian-Tournaisian petroleum system. It is shown that oil fields where oil deposits are present in Devonian terrigenous strata usually have reservoirs in the overlying Upper Devonian-Tournaisian petroleum system as well. This phenomenon is most often observed on the flanks of the Kama-Kinel’ depression system. The development of oil fields there gives a high chance of discovering new oil deposits. Taking into account the new data, it is necessary to revise the search criteria and perform geological surveys in the Devonian terrigenous strata, primarily in the areas of explored oil fields where oil is localized in the Upper Devonian-Tournaisian petroleum system.
V.A. Klimenko1, T.R. Salakhov1, V.M. Korovin2 1AO NPF Geofizika, ul. Komsomolskaya 2, Ufa, 450513, Russia 2AO Bashneftegeofizika, ul. Lenina 13, Ufa, 450077, Russia
Keywords: Electric logging, lateral logging, laterolog tool, dynamic range, mathematical focusing, digital signal processing, digital filtering, well effect
We consider the ranges of current and voltage values for laterolog tools. It is shown that expansion of the dynamic range of these parameters is possible by mathematical focusing and digital filtering and by fulfillment of the conditions for the effective number of bits and by compliance with the tool requirements. The principles of mathematical focusing are considered by the example of the 5BK tool designed by AO NPF Geofizika (Joint-Stock Company) in Ufa. The digital-filtering calculation and application technique is described. The results of well tests are presented.
V.I. Dzhurik, E.V. Bryzhak, S.P. Serebrennikov, A.Yu. Eskin
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:127:"Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
Keywords: Seismic climatic zones, earthquakes, ground motion, amplitude, frequency, spectra, permafrost, mean annual temperature, Baikal region
Reliable solution of theoretical and applied seismological problems requires the knowledge of natural factors that influence ground motion induced by earthquakes. The effect of seasonal freezing and thawing on the behavior of coseismic ground motion in the Baikal region has been studied using data on local geology, earthquake source parameters, seismogeology, and seismic risk zoning for East Siberia. East Siberia, including the highly seismic Baikal region, is located in a temperate and cold, sharply continental climate, with the mean annual air temperature locally falling below -10 ºC. In this respect, the knowledge of seasonal variations in the ground motion spectra in different seismic-climatic zones of the region is of special importance. We study the dynamic parameters of seismic signals and their variations caused by seasonal thawing and freezing of the ground, using calculated spectra of selected earthquakes that were recorded by 0.5-20 Hz digital seismic stations at a sampling interval (Δ) of 0.01 s. Spectral analysis was applied to three-component records of more than two hundred M = 2.8 ( K = 9-14) earthquakes that occurred in the region for the past twenty years at distances from 32 to 280 km from the stations. The influence of seasonal temperature variations on the frequency responses of coseismic ground motion is discussed for the case of two seismic stations in zones of continuous and sporadic permafrost. The results are complemented by generalized data from other seismic stations located in different permafrost conditions within the Baikal region. The effect of seasonal freezing and thawing turns out to be the most prominent at frequencies above 5-6 Hz and depend on the properties and thermal state of soils beneath the stations. At the same time, they are more prominent in thawing than in freezing curves for any soil, including relatively solid bedrock. The spectral behavior of earthquake-induced ground motion is associated with variations in wave amplitudes, which correlate with seasonal temperature variations. The reported results have implications for geophysical prospecting, seismic-risk zoning, and prediction of shaking intensity of large earthquakes, which require due regard for local permafrost conditions.
S.A. Suspitsyn
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: экономика федерализма, математические модели, прогнозы, стратегическое планирование, регионы, Сибирь, federalism economy, mathematical models, forecasts, strategic planning, regions, Siberia
The article discusses an approach to setting up the problem of how to coordinate national and regional decisions in federative economies with competences and resources distributed between levels. The author has suggested and experimentally tested a methodology of spreading summary indicators of the country’s social and economic development to the regional level. Through the lens of examining 32 Russian macro-regions, we obtain regional estimates for the key parameters in the forecast made by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation until 2024, i.e. labor productivity and investment share in GDP. Similar estimates are produced for the constituent entities in the Siberian Federal District. The proposed methodology relies on a particular solution to the general problem of lossless data compression and can be further elaborated in multiple areas of focus: extension of consolidated sectoral solutions, estimates for the impact of aggregate resource conditions on the structure of a detailed regional development scenario, alternative formulations of problems of how to optimize sectoral proportions in the development of the national economy and regions, etc.
P.A. Minakir, S.N. Naiden
Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: демография, миграция, доходы и расходы населения, бедность, качество жизни, Дальний Восток, demography, migration, household income and expenditure, poverty, quality of life, the Far East
The utmost priority for the Russian Far Eastern development and state policy in the region is to reduce population outflow and ensure the growth of human capital, which includes providing beneficial living conditions and high quality of life to its residents. Yet, despite newly established additional institutional incentives, specialfederal programs adopted, and two regions that joined the Far Eastern Federal District in 2018, the factors of social and demographic dynamics in the macro-region are still below the expected. An analysis of population movement indicators, household income and expenditure, quality of life in the FEFD regions (for all its eleven constituent entities, too) shows trends and results achieved in applying “indirect institutional incentives". We conclude that, after 30 years of reforms to improve living standards and raise the quality of life nation-wide while in particular creating comfortable living conditions in the Far East, the obstacles to these processes remain in place. Consequently, failed efforts to stabilize Far Eastern demographic potential and develop a social system are mainly because public policies in this area incorrectly focus on “institutional regulation", that is, the failure lies in a collapsed institutional paradigm for achieving the programmed goal.
G.A. Untura
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: региональные инновационные системы, наука, высшее образование, инновации, научная и научно-производственная кооперация, национальный проект «Наука», субъекты РФ, федеральные и региональные органы власти, научно-образовательные центры мирового уровня, regional innovation systems, science, higher education, innovation, cooperation in research, development, and production, the Science national project, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, federal and regional authorities, world-class research and educational centers
The Science national project considers cooperation in research, development, and production as one of the tools to enhance the prestige and improve the performance of science and higher education. This is the most important condition for Russia to be among the top five most powerful nations in the world. Analyzing theoretical concepts, foreign and domestic experience in creating integration structures within regional innovation systems, we find a great variety of models for cooperation between science, education, and business. The fact that the Science national project envisages setting up world-class research and educational centers (RECs) underlines the importance of their natural coexistence with other forms of scientific cooperation that have recently emerged in the Russian Academy of Sciences, elite universities, competence centers of the National Technological Initiative, etc. This study aims to identify the prerequisites and mechanisms for establishing world-class RECs in Russian regions based on their effective functioning as agents of Russia’s regional innovation systems. The article examines the concepts of creating integration structures that involve research institutions, universities, and enterprises. We find out the prerequisites for foreign and domestic triad centers (science-education-innovation), which cooperate in science, development, and production successfully in regions. Then we compare local pilot initiatives from five constituent territories of the Russian Federation (Belgorod, Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen Oblasts, and Perm Krai) that have provided programs for their RECs. Conclusions drawn from the study are as follows: The Science national project will make it possible to combine the already established cooperation forms of research and educational institutions in flagship regions with pilot regional RECs to avoid science and education assets being over-concentrated in Moscow. Regional innovation systems are open to smart specialization, lateral scientific, and interregional sci-tech cooperation, which requires granting regions full powers to improve their local scientific and higher education institutions.
The article presents the results of an author-designed assessment of regional asymmetry in digital economic development across the Northwestern Federal District in 2018. When calculating the index, unlike it is represented in most studies, we have considered not only business digitalization indicators but also the ones of society digitalization. The study shows that in 2018, the district was characterized by high asymmetry in digital economic development, with vastly different digitalization figures for the population and companies. Arkhangelsk Oblast exhibits the lowest comparative level among the NWFD regions, whereas the highest results (albeit not for all indicators) belong to St. Petersburg, as expected. The one indicator in terms of which St. Petersburg does not have the lead is the percentage of online shoppers: this number is the biggest in Murmansk Oblast.
Z.I. Kalugina
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: социальные риски, социальные угрозы, экономическая стратификация, неравенство, бедность, технологический уклад, региональное развитие, social risks, social threats, economic stratification, inequality, poverty, technological paradigm, regional development
Russia’s might will grow with Siberia... M.V. Lomonosov The article examines the social aspects of regional development, identifies its social threats: poverty, an archaic social framework with a large share of extremely poor households, small middle class, and a minuscule percentage of the rich against highly concentrated wages. We notice significant disparities in economic stratification among regions. In most entities of the Siberian Federal District, living standards are going down, and real household incomes have decreased. It is concluded that the past eighteen years have seen no substantial positive changes in the structure of the technological paradigm of the Russian economy. Economic modernization is the main reserve for improving Siberians’ living standards and quality of life.
T.N. Gavrilyeva1, A.G. Tomaska2, A.T. Naberezhnaya3, R.I. Bochoeva4 1Institute of Engineering and Technology, Yakut Science Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia 2Institute of Humanitarian Studies and Problems of Indigenous Small-numbered Peoples of the North, Yakut Science Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia 3Institute of Mathematics and Information Science, Yakutsk, Russia 4Institute of Finances and Economics, Yakutsk, Russia
Keywords: социальная исключенность, материальная депривация, относительная, абсолютная и субъективная бедность, сельское население, social exclusion, material deprivation, relative, absolute and subjective poverty, rural population
In this article, the authors are the first to test methods of multidimensional poverty assessment in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) based on a representative sociological survey of the rural population. The methods include social exclusion index and assessment of material deprivations. The SEI methodology used by Rosstat has been adapted to the conditions of the northern region in question. Based on an expert survey and an analysis of Arctic Social Indicators being under development since 2006, we select 10 replacement variables that reflect particular living habits of the studied social group. The results are then compared with the data of Rosstat’s federal sample observations available for the rural population in Yakutia. Among key factors of social exclusion and material deprivation of the rural population are the following: severely worn infrastructure, hardly accessible and low-quality social services, underdeveloped public amenities in residential housing, transport and digital isolation. An assessment of the respondents’ total income confirms that rural households heavily depend on employment in social welfare institutions, public assistance, and pensions, as well as on private subsidiary farms and traditional economic activities (hunting, fishing, and gathering). It is proved that the use of non-monetary methods, despite some methodological imperfections, allows allocating poverty risks under various socio-economic and demographic groups. The share of rural households with substandard income is 55%, which is 2.7 times higher than the average in Yakutia. This is confirmed by subjective (50.3% of respondents) and relative (62%) poverty lines. In addition to updating the existing list of indicators, improved non-monetary poverty assessment methodology in Russia should also incorporate regional aspects.
A new method is described for measuring the average void fraction of a one-component two-phase flow moving in a channel with a fixed porous aggregate. The known method of cutting off the flow is used but, in contrast, the vapor phase in the cut-off volume is transferred to the condensed state, and the released space is filled with the measured amount of additional fluid. The result of verification using this method is presented for the previously proposed formula for calculating the void fraction of the adiabatic steam-water flow in a channel with a fixed bed of spherical particles.
S.V. Stankus, I.V. Savchenko, O.S. Yatsuk
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: система цезий-висмут, твердое и жидкое состояния, энтальпия, теплоемкость, массивный изопериболический калориметр, cesium-bismuth system, solid and liquid states, enthalpy, heat capacity, isoperibolic drop calorimeter
The enthalpy increment of the CsBi alloy in the temperature range of 432-1127 K of the solid and liquid states has been measured by the mixing method on an isoperibolic calorimeter. Approximation equations have been obtained, and the isobaric heat capacity and enthalpy changes on phase transitions have been determined. The estimated errors of the data on enthalpy and heat capacity of the melt are 0.75 and 1.5-2.0%, respectively. The enthalpy of the alloy formation in the liquid state has been determined. The obtained results have been compared with the calculations based on the laws of ideal solutions.
N. F. SALAKHUTDINOV1,2, S. S. LAEV1, D. S. SERGEEVICHEV3 1Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: гемопоэз, костный мозг, цитостатический препарат, гемостимулирующая активность, анемия, лейкоз, hematopoiesis, bone marrow, cytostatic drug, hemostimulating activity, anemia, leukemia
Pages: 332-353
Disorders of hematopoiesis caused by the action of various factors (hemotoxic substances, drugs, cytotoxic drugs, radiation) lead to a deviation from the norm and the development of the diseases varying in complexity. The restoration of hematopoiesis under extreme conditions is vital, and the search for the drugs stimulating hematopoiesis is an extremely urgent task. The most interesting agents are low molecular weight compounds that can stimulate hematopoiesis in case of its disorders. The presented literature review discusses various factors leading to hematopoietic disorders, and drugs that have shown sufficient effectiveness in eliminating these disorders, in particular with cytostatic therapy and the treatment of hemolytic pathologies. The review can be useful in the search for agents that stimulate hematopoiesis, and is addressed not only to medical and chemical professionals, but also to a wide range of readers.
A. A. BAKLAY1, L. N. MASKALCHUK1,2, T. G. LEONTIEVA1, N. A. MAKOVSKAYA1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:251:"1State Scientific Institution “Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research - Sosny”, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus 2Belarusian State Technological University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: глинисто-солевые шламы, иллитсодержащий сорбент, природная вода, Cs, сорбция, clay-salt slimes, illite-containing sorbent, natural water, sorption
Pages: 354-359
The results of a comprehensive study of an illite-containing sorbent (IS) are presented. The sorbent was obtained by means of acid-water treatment of the sample of clay-salt slimes, which are industrial wastes of JSC “Belaruskali” (the Republic of Belarus). The material composition of the IS is established, indicating that the main clay mineral is illite, the content of which is 65.2 mass %. The specific surface area of the IS is determined to be (66 ± 4) m2/g. According to mineralogical composition, the IS refers to hydromica group. The sorption ability of the IS sample to extract 137Cs+ from natural waters of different chemical composition was studied. It is shown that the major ions of natural waters, namely Ca2+ and Na+, do not have a significant effect on the sorption of 137Cs+ by the IS for pH of water solution within the range of 5-9. It is determined that the IS has shown high selectivity with respect to 137Cs+ sorption from aquatic medium, and the main competitor is K+ ion. When K+ concentration in the aquatic medium is higher than 0.5 mol/dm3 in, the sorption of 137Cs+ on the IS is completely inhibited. It is established that IS sorbs 37Cs+ from natural water 2-4 times more efficiently than clinoptilolite of the Shivertuinskoye deposit (Chita region, Russia), which is currently used as a sorbent of 137Cs+. The obtained results indicate the possibility and prospects of using CSS reserves accumulated in the Republic of Belarus to manufacture the IS and to use it for purification of aquatic medium from 137Cs+, as well as for solving a number of environmental problems, including rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated soils and territories.
A. G. BELOBABA, A. I. MASLIY
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: теллур, дителлурид-анион, щелочные теллуритные растворы, электролиз, скорость реакций, предельный ток, tellurium, ditelluride anion, alkaline tellurite solutions, electrolysis, reaction rate, limiting current
Pages: 360-365
The effect of KOH concentration on the rate of the target reaction of metal tellurium deposition from alkaline tellurite solutions and on the rate of the side reaction of tellurium dissolution was studied by means of voltammetry with the linear potential scanning on a graphite electrode coated with tellurium deposit. It was established that KOH only weakly (with a change by 5-10 %) affects the rates of the target and side reactions within the range of alkali concentrations 2-4 M, which is used for the production of tellurium. The reasons of a decrease in the rates of the target and side reactions at low alkali concentrations were considered. It was shown that the target and side cathode reactions have the diffusion-determined nature in the range of alkali concentrations 0.5-4 M with tellurium deposition and 0.1-4 M with tellurium dissolution. The side cathode reaction of Те dissolution has a one-electron mechanism, and it requires 20 % of the amount of electricity used for tellurium deposition.
L. M. VELICHKINA1, V. I. ZAIKOVSKII2,3, YA. E. BARBASHIN1, N. V. RYABOVA1, S. A. PEREVEZENTSEV1, A. V. VOSMERIKOV1 1Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia 2Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: цеолит ZSM-5, наноразмерный порошок никеля, механическая обработка, ZSM-5 zeolite, nanosized nickel powder, mechanical treatment
Pages: 366-374
Nickel-containing zeolite samples were prepared by dry mechanical mixing of ZSM-5 zeolite (silica modulus 40) and nickel powder with the average particle size of 50 nm in the amount of 0.5 mass %. The samples were mechanically treated in a ball mill for 24-120 h. The crystallinity of the initial zeolite and mechanically treated nickel-containing zeolites was determined by means of IR spectroscopy and XRS. The degree of zeolite crystallinity was revealed to decrease due to loosening of the structure of both the polycrystalline units and primary crystallites as a result of mechanical treatment. The analysis of the state of nanosized nickel in zeolite catalysts by means of UV spectroscopy and XPS revealed almost complete absence of the oxidation of nickel particles. The morphology of the crystals of the initial and mechanically treated zeolites was studied by means of the high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical treatment was determined to cause a decrease in the particle size of initial ZSM-5 and partial migration of nickel from the surface into zeolite pores. The size of nickel particles decreases during the initial period of mechanical treatment, while a longer mechanical impact, on the contrary, contributes to the agglomeration of nickel particles. The particles of ZSM-5 zeolite in the initial sample look like coarse agglomerates with the overall size of several micrometres. The agglomerates are composed of smaller polycrystalline units 0.5-1.0 mm in size. However, the primary particles are zeolite crystals 50-100 nm in size. Mechanical treatment causes disintegration of coarse zeolite agglomerates into smaller polycrystalline units less than 1 mm in size; primary crystallites comprising the polycrystalline structure are dispersed, too, decreasing in size to ~50 nm. According to the data of low-temperature desorption of nitrogen, mechanical pretreatment of nickel-containing zeolite causes a decrease in its specific surface and pore volume. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst caused by mechanical treatment should promote selective conversion of feedstock components and flexibility of the regulation of selective formation of target products in oil refining processes.
V. V. GONCHARUK, D. D. KUCHERUK, T. YU. DULNEVA
Dumanskii Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Keywords: мембранные методы, питьевая вода, автономные мембранные установки, керамические и лигноцеллюлозные мембраны, комплексная очистка нитратсодержащих вод, membrane methods, drinking water, autonomous membrane installations, ceramic and lignocellulose membranes, complex purification of nitrate-containing waters
Pages: 375-387
A fundamentally new concept of providing the population with high-quality drinking water is proposed, associated with the transfer of drinking water supply to cities and villages to the use of autonomous block installations for water purification in the sites of its direct consumption. Autonomous membrane installations for collective and individual use with biotesting and analytical control are developed. In these installations, preliminary water purification is carried out with the help of microfiltration tubular membranes made of lignocellulose (wood) and ceramic membranes made of clay minerals, which retain mechanical and colloidal impurities. The concentrations of these impurities after purification meet the drinking water standards. A technological scheme is developed for water purification from nitrate ions to drinking conditions with the production of mineral fertilizers through a rational combination of reverse osmosis and an improved electrodialysis process.
E. N. KUZIN, N. E. KRUCHININA, YA. V. TYAGLOVA, P. S. GROMOVYKH
D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: водоочистка, сточные воды, комплексный коагулянт, water treatment, sewage, complex coagulant
Pages: 388-393
Complex coagulants comprise a developing and very promising area for the processes involved in the treatment of natural and waste waters. In spite of somewhat higher cost, complex coagulants are devoid of the disadvantages of many classic coagulants and demonstrate high efficiency in water purification from metals, fats, oil products and suspended matter; they also provide a substantial decrease in the concentrations of dissolved organic substances (chemical oxygen demand). The simplest method of manufacturing complex coagulants is the introduction of an additive composed of the products of hydrolysis of titanium-containing compounds into the classic reagents based on aluminium or iron salts. Soluble titanium salts or titanium dioxide may serve as the source of titanium compounds. The waste waters of dairy industry contain a large amount of dissolved organic substances and emulsified fat, so the purification of these waters is one of the most complicated problems. Trial coagulation treatment of model wastewater containing whey showed a high efficiency of complex titanium-containing reagents. Complex coagulants exceeded traditional reagents in efficiency by 10-15 % as average, and the rate of precipitate filtration was 1.2-1.5 times higher. The sediment had a looser structure, did not clog the pores of the filtering material, and readily gave moisture off. Tests of the best samples of complex reagents with the combined household and industrial waste waters of the dairy processing enterprises of the Moscow Region confirmed their high coagulation characteristics with respect to the most common pollutants, and the acceleration of sludge filtration processes will significantly reduce the capital costs of building local sewage treatment plants. The residual content of titanium ions in water, when using the entire line of modified coagulants, did not exceed the maximum permissible level for fishery water bodies.
Z. A. MANSUROV1,2, A. P. NIKITIN3, G. YU. SIMENYUK3, YU. A. ZAKHAROV3, V. V. PAVLENKO1,2, Z. R. ISMAGILOV3 1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2Institute of Combustion Problems, Almaty, Kazakhstan 3Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: углеродные материалы, рисовая шелуха, карбонизация, электрохимические свойства, carbon materials, rice husks, carbonation, electrochemical properties
Pages: 394-402
Porous carbon materials with a specific surface area of 1200-1500 m2/g were obtained by carbonization of rice husks at 500 °C, followed by subsequent activation using potassium hydroxide at a temperature of 700, 800, 900 °C, and studied by means of Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. It was established that mechanical activation of rice husks makes it possible to increase the specific surface area (to 2315 m2/g) and the volume of micropores (to 0.84 cm3/g) in the carbon material. As a result, an increase in electrical capacity and a decrease in the internal resistance of supercapacitor cells with electrodes based on them are achieved.
E. V. MATUS1, S. D. VASIL`EV1, I. Z. ISMAGILOV1, V. A. USHAKOV1, M. A. KERZHENTSEV1, Z. R. ISMAGILOV1,2 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: никельсодержащий катализатор, модифицирование носителя, автотермический риформинг, метан, Ni catalyst, support modification, autothermal reforming, methane
Pages: 403-411
Nickel catalysts supported on modified alumina were synthesized, their physicochemical properties and activity in the reaction of autothermal reforming of methane (ATR CH4) were studied. Regulation of physicochemical and, consequently, functional properties of the samples was performed by the modification of (γ+δ)-Al2O3 support with the additives of different composition Ce1-xMxOy (M = Gd, La, Mg; x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1; 1 ≤ y ≤ 2) in the amount of 10 mass %. It is shown that Ni/Ce1-xMxOy/Al2O3 are mesoporous materials with specific surface area 80 ± 5 m2/g, slightly changing with the variations of the composition of modifying additive. The phases of alumina (γ+δ)-Al2O3, fluorite-like solid solution based on СеО2 with an average crystallite size 9.0 ± 1.5 nm and nickel oxide NiO are present in the catalysts. The average size of NiO particles is varied in the range from 6.0 to 13.5 nm and is determined by the composition of modifying additive, decreasing with an increase of x, and in the following sequence of oxide additives: CeO2 > MgО > Gd2О3 > La2O3. The catalysts are capable of self-activation under the ATR CH4 reaction conditions, and this effect is enhanced in the following row of M: Mg < Gd < La, which is in good correlation with the reducibility of samples. The optimal catalyst Ni/Се0.5La0.5O1.75/Al2O3 is revealed, providing the hydrogen yield of 80 % upon 100 % methane conversion at 850 oС. The use of the developed catalysts for the energy-effective conversion of natural and associated petroleum gases into the hydrogen-containing gas is promising.
L. L. SEDEL'NIKOVA1, O. L. TSANDEKOVA2 1Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Federal Research Center for Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: лист, зольность, травянистые растения, урбанизированная (городская) среда, Новосибирская область, leaf, ash content, herbaceous plants, urban environment, Novosibirsk Region
Pages: 412-417
The results of determining the ash content of perennial and annual plants growing near industrial zones, roads and in the urban environment of the administrative centres of the Novosibirsk Region (Iskitim, Berdsk, Novosibirsk) are presented. These plant habitats differ in the degree of anthropogenic impact on the environment, with the greatest pollution in the city of Iskitim. It is noted that the ash content of the leaves of plants of different systematic groups is determined by many factors, including species and varietal belonging, anthropogenic pollution of the environment, and the features of the growing season. A decrease in the content of ash substances in the leaves of herbaceous plants belonging to the families Hemerocallidaceae > Asteraceae > Iridaceae > Hostaceae > Laminaceae was established.
L. T. TAGHIEVA
Nagiev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
Keywords: красный шлам, сульфатизирующий обжиг, галлий, ванадий, выщелачивание, red mud, sulphating roasting, gallium, vanadium, leaching
Pages: 418-424
Red mud containing significant amounts of alumina, iron oxide, titanium dioxide and other valuable components (Ga 0.003-0.005 mass %, V 0.050-0.099 mass %) is the main waste in the alkaline extraction of alumina from alunites according to the Bayer method and a promising raw material for obtaining gallium and vanadium. The degree of sulphatization of gallium and vanadium from red mud during sulphating roasting was investigated. The technological scheme of sulphating process includes three main stages: 1) missing the moistened initial material with concentrated sulphuric acid; 2) sulphating roasting; 3) water leaching of the sulphated mass. The majority of minerals are transformed through sulphatization into the corresponding sulphate compounds. During subsequent roasting, unstable sulphates (mainly ferric sulphate) are decomposed to form the corresponding oxides, while other metals remain in the form of sulphates (Al2(SO4)3, Ga2(SО4)3, VOSO4). As a result of leaching of the sulphated mass with water, iron and silicon oxides stay in the residue, while the sulphates of aluminium, gallium and vanadium pass into solution. The maximal degree of gallium and vanadium sulphatization under the conditions of laboratory experiments was detected within the range of 600-640 °C. The determination changes in the mineralogical composition of the sulphated mass of red mud were studied by means of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The developed method of gallium and vanadium extraction from red mud is distinguished by its simplicity and efficiency.
YU. A. IOVIK1, E. B. KRIVTSOV1,2 1Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia 2Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: серосодержащие соединения, окислительное обессеривание, крекинг, пероксид водорода, sulphur-containing compounds, oxidative desulphurization, cracking, hydrogen peroxide
Pages: 425-434
The high cost of hydrocatalytic processes is the reason of the attention of researchers to the search for alternative ways to process high-sulphur vacuum distillates. Pre-oxidation followed by cracking is considered as a promising method for refining petroleum products. This approach enables efficient destruction of polyaromatic sulphur-containing compounds in heavy hydrocarbon raw materials yielding additional amounts of distillate fractions. The effect of nano-sized molybdenum powder on the composition and quality of the products of cracking of vacuum gasoil oxidized preliminarily with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide with formic acid was investigated. It was demonstrated that the use of an optimal amount of nanosized molybdenum powder as the additive allows a substantial decrease in gas generation due to a decrease in the rates of aromatization and dealkylation of the oxidized high-molecular compounds including sulphur-containing ones. The effect of the amount of Mo additive on the transformation patterns of such sulphur-containing compounds as thiophene, benzo- and dibenzothiophene during the combined process was revealed. The changes in the structural-group parameters of resins and asphaltenes in the products of cracking of oxidized vacuum gasoil in the presence of the additive in different amounts were investigated. The data obtained allow us to extend our understanding of thermal transformations of the oxidized components of vacuum gasoil, which is an important step in the development of a technological scheme for processing high-sulphur gasoils relying on the combination of preliminary oxidation and cracking.
V. V. Tarakanov1,2, K. V. Krutovsky3,4,5,6 1West-Siberian Department of V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 2Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 3N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation 4University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 5Siberian Federal University, Genome Research and Education Center, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation 6Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
S. I. Ivanovskaya, D. I. Kagan, V. E. Padutov
Institute of Forest, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Republic of Belarus
Keywords: изоферментный анализ, генетическая изменчивость, генетическая структура, isoenzyme analysis, genetic variation, genetic structure
The genetic diversity of 5 seed orchards of the first (I) and 12 the second (II) orders of the Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. was analyzed on basis of the isoenzyme analysis method, was carried the study with 18 isoenzyme genes. Allelic frequencies of occurrence of the isoenzyme loci were established and the basic indicators of genetic diversity of seed orchards of Norway spruce were calculated (proportion of polymorphic loci, number of alleles per locus, mean heterozygosity) and their comparison with the average stock of genetic diversity of spruce stands of natural origin was conducted. Seed orchards I and II orders are not inferior to natural populations by the proportion of polymorphic loci P 95 (0.39, 0.44 and 0.44, respectively). In the case of indicator P 99, most seed orchards are comparable to natural stands, however, values of P 99 for seed orchards I and II orders as a whole are significantly lower than in natural populations (0.50, 0.50 and 0.67, respectively). Range of allelic diversity in seed orchards is higher than in stands of Norway spruce of production forests. However, many allelic variants in the analyzed totality of seed orchards had a frequency of less than 1 %, although they were found in the spruce formation of Belarus with a frequency of 1 to 5 %. The average values of heterozygosity in seed orchards I order are significantly lower (0.127 and 0.131, respectively) with those in stands of production forests of Belarus (0.147 and 0.150, respectively); in seed orchards II order vice versa - are significantly higher (0.163 and 0.162, respectively). The obtained values of the inbreeding coefficients F IS and F IT for seed orchards I and II orders indicate that they are in equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg. The genetic structure of seed orchards I and II orders is characterized by homogeneity because coefficients F ST and G ST have low values (not higher 0.011 and 0.012, respectively). Assessment of degree of genetic differentiation revealed a similarity of the genetic structures of the studied seed orchards and spruce stands of natural origin of production forests.
S. V. Panteleev1, L. V. Mozharovskaya1, O. Yu. Baranov1, V. A. Yarmolovich2, V. E. Padutov1 1Institute of Forest, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel, Republic of Belarus 2Belarusian State Technological University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Keywords: митохондриальная ДНК, гаплотип, секвенирование, mitochondrial DNA, haplotype, sequencing
Sequencing and annotation of the pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus Gyll. mitochondrial genome (registration number in NCBI GenBank MK988441), including the insect barcoding marker - the part of the subunit I of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene (mtCOI), were carried out. A comparative assessment of the level of polymorphism among mtDNA loci revealed that mtcoI has moderate level of variability. A preliminary study of the Belarusian populations of the pine bark beetle showed 18 haplotype variants at the mtCOI marker locus ( mtcoI gene fragment). Significant portion of the studied individuals (50 %) were heteroplasmic - contained at least two mtCOI haplotypes in the genome together. Studying the level of genetic differentiation between haplotypes using the Jukes-Cantor (JC) and Kimura (K80) models revealed a wide range of variation in the values of the evolutionary distance indicator D - from 0.001 to 0.066, which corresponded to 1-46 nucleotide substitutions for the studied region (690 nr) in individual haplotypes. Analysis of the peptide sequences of the pine bark beetle mtCOI locus using 3D modeling technology, as well as using Ramachandran maps and the NCBI CDART database, showed that the domain architecture of the protein remains unchanged for the majority (94 %) of haplotypes and the functionality of allozymes is not violated, that indicates the relatively selectively neutral nature of the detected polymorphism. Based on the obtained total molecular genetic data, it was concluded that the degree of informational content of the mtCOI marker (based on mtcoI ) is sufficient to carry out population-genetic studies of the pine bark beetle, including an assessment of its migration activity.
M. Nonić1, J. Milovanović2, M. Šijačić-Nikolić1 1University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
Keywords: in situ, ex situ, сохранение ЛГР, лес, экосистема, in situ, ex situ, FGR conservation, forest, ecosystem
The Republic of Serbia is ranked among the countries with high endemism and a very high floristic diversity. Forest genetic resources (FGR) take a significant place in the total biodiversity of Serbia, including about 250 indigenous tree species. This paper was aimed to give a review of the state of biodiversity and forest genetic resources in Serbia, and previous activities on conservation of these resources. Today we are recording a large number of various destructive activities, which significantly reduce areas under forests. Conservation of forest genetic resources should be considered as the efforts to preserve specific genotypes or populations and the combination of genes within them. The first step in the conservation of forest genetic resources provides the protection of biodiversity which is essential for present and future human well-being. The predominant form of FGR conservation in Serbia is in situ , which is mainly applied through the establishment of seed stands, but different types of ex situ conservation are also applied, through seed orchards, progeny tests, and provenance trials. An important gene pool is kept in the arboreta and botanical gardens.
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"HTML";s:4:"TEXT";s:202:"Ya. V. Sboeva1, Yu. S. Vasil’eva1, N. V. Chertov1, N. A. Pystogova1, S. V. Boronnikova1, R. N. Kalendar2, N. A. Martynenko1,3";} 1Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russian Federation 2National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan 3Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Keywords: полиморфизм ДНК, генетическое разнообразие, ISSR-анализ, Larix sibirica Ledeb, Pinus sylvestris L, генетические формулы, штрих-коды, DNA polymorphism, genetic diversity, ISSR-analysis, genetic formulas, barcodes
The use of DNA-fingerprinting of forest-forming woody plants is considered the most promising tool for genetic control of wood’s geographic origin, the formation of a reliable management system for harvesting and turnover of lumber. The purpose of this work was to search for identification markers, genotyping trees, and molecular genetic identification of previously not studied 2 populations of the Siberian larch Larix sibirica Ledeb. and 4 populations of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. of different regions of the Perm Krai. To DNA extraction, from each plant specimens wood were individually obtained and a modified method of extracting DNA from wood was used. In total, the analysis used the DNA of 114 Scots pine trees and 55 Siberian larch trees. For genetic testing, we used ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats)-method of DNA polymorphism analysis. Genetic identification was performed based on the original author’s method proposed by S. V. Boronnikova and I. V. Boboshina (2014). As a result of molecular genetic analysis, 74 ISSR markers were found and analyzed in populations of Scots pine, 85 ISSR markers were identified in populations of the Siberian larch, and the share of polymorphic loci in both species was high. As a result of molecular genetic identification, identification of species and polymorphic ISSR-markers and their combinations were found that characterize the belonging of trees to a species, as well as to a specific population. Molecular genetic formulas and barcodes for each individual population of two species have been compiled. The effectiveness, stability, and reproducibility of detected identification markers and their combinations have been proven through anonymous testing. The data obtained are the basis for determining the place of origin of wood, which will allow us to recommend measures to counter illegal logging and reduce the damage to the budget of logging regions of Russia, such as the Perm Krai.
T. V. Zheleznichenko1, D. S. Muraseva1, S. V. Asbaganov1, M. S. Voronkova1, A. V. Zaushintsena2, T. I. Novikova1 1Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 2Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
Keywords: культура in vitro, регенерация микропобегов, тидиазурон, ISSR- и RAPD-анализ, проточная цитометрия, ель колючая, in vitro culture, microshoots regeneration, thidiazuron, ISSR and RAPD analysis, flow cytometry, blue spruce
For the first time, the genetic variability/stability of blue spruce Picea pungens Engelm. microshoots obtained in vitro by direct regeneration from zygotic embryos under the influence of a synthetic growth regulator with cytokinin activity N-phenyl-N′-1, 2, 3-thidiazurol-5-urea or thidiazuron (TDZ) using ISSR and RAPD analysis, as well as by flow cytometry, was studied. Shoot formation was induced at ½ LV medium using two concentrations of TDZ (0.5 or 1 μM) for 28 days, then plant material was transferred to a hormone-free nutrient medium ½ LV for 35 days. The formed microshoots were separated from the explant’s tissues and cultured on the same hormone-free medium for another 35 days, than their genetic stability was evaluated. To evaluate the effect of each concentration of the growth regulator on the genome’s stability, microshoots formed by three different genotypes of donor plants were used. ISSR analysis revealed a slight polymorphism between the blue spruce microshoots formed by the same genotype. The genetic variability of regenerants in individual genotypes ranged from 1.29 to 1.58 %, while other genotypes have 100 % genetically stable microshoots. At the same time, RAPD analysis did not show differences between the analyzed samples; all studied primers initiated monomorphic spectra. Flow cytometry found that all the studied samples were diploid. The DNA content (2C) in microshoots ranged from (38.86 ± 0.55) - (40.35 ± 0.30) pg, and the genome size (1C) was (18 961.79 ± 256.91) - (19 933.27 ± 526.35) Mbp. The obtained results indicate a low somaclonal variability of blue spruce microshoots formed in vitro under as a result of direct regeneration from zygotic embryos under the influence of the studied concentrations in the TDZ .
a:2:{s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"TEXT";s:4:"TEXT";s:50:"N. K. Chebot’ko, T. N. Stikhareva, V. Yu. Kirillov";}
Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry, Shchuchinsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
Keywords: семеноводство, лесообразующие виды, научные исследования, опытные объекты, рекомендации, ученые-селекционеры КазНИИЛХА, seed-growing, forest-forming species, scientific studies, experimental objects, recommendations, scientists-breeders of KazRIFA
The article shows the contribution of the Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry (KazRIFA) to selection, seed-growing and gene pool conservation of tree species, the most detailed for Scots pine Рinus sylvestris L. and silver birch Betula pendula Roth, i. e. the main forest-forming and economically valuable species in Kazakhstan. The main scientific developments of a number of leading scientists of the Institute, starting from the moment of its organization. I.e.. for a 60-year period, are given. Systematic comprehensive researches on selection and seed production have been carried out in KazRIFA since 1961 after the establishment of the Laboratory of Selection, Seed production and Introduction. The results and stages of labor activity in KazRIFA of the following scientists are more fully reflected: Stanislav Aleksandrovich Petrov, Viktor Aleksandrovich Dragavtsev, Vladimir Ivanovich Mosin, Vladimir Vasil’evich Shul’ga, Alla Ivanovna Breusova, Anatoliy Matveevich Danchenko. The results of scientific research in the field of selection, seed production and gene pool conservation of forest species in the Republic of Kazakhstan have a scientific novelty, as evidenced by the received protection documents (author’s certificates for inventions, patents for selection achievements). A great scientific achievement is the varieties of Scots pine, selected both on the basis of decorativeness, and productivity and resistance to pests and diseases. Unique scientific objects for the regions of Kazakhstan (geographical cultures, test cultures, clone archives of plus trees, etc.) were laid, which served as the basis for creation a constant forest seed base and they are used for further scientific researches. Thus, a scientific and methodological base has been created for the further development of selection, seed production, variety production and gene pool conservation of woody plants in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
M. V. Rogozin
Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russian Federation
Keywords: Рinus sylvestris L, биогруппа, площадь питания, возраст, Пермь, Рinus sylvestris L, biogroup, nutrition area, the age, Perm
In a 184-year-old stand of Scots pine Рinus sylvestris L. of the 1st class of bonitet on two plots on an area of 2.2 ha with a stand height of 32.1 and 33.5 m, average diameters of 39.8 and 42.1 cm, and a fullness of 0.91 and 0.95, candidates for plus trees (hereinafter referred to as candidates) with an excess of 30 % in diameter were studied. All live (735 pieces), and fall away trees for 14 years were plotted on the plan with an accuracy of ± 10-35 cm. To determine the age, we took cores from 40 trees with diameters of 30-61 cm. On one of the two sites, the feeding area of 326 trees aged ≈ 170 years and the maximum feed area was 79.9, the minimum was 5.1, the average value was (25.8 ± 0.58) m2. The average area of their nutrition was 19.7 % larger in the sample of 18 candidates, than in the sample of ordinary trees, but the difference is not significant. Polygons represented the area that the tree inherited at the age of 170 years and it was used as a factor determining the size of the tree in 184 years. It was found that it affected the diameter of trees with a force of 7.7 % and to the height of the trunk with a strength of 0.0-2.4 %. The age of the trees ranged from 173 to 195 years, candidates were both from 174 years to 193 years. Probably, either they had rapid growth due to genetics, or there are exceptionally favorable places in the biotope, where the pine settled later and not only caught up with its neighbors, but also reached an outstanding size. Perhaps such places may be due to the influence of lithology. It was concluded that for selection purposes, trees of maximum age with the largest feeding area should be rejected from candidates.
B. V. Proshkin1, A. V. Klimov2,3 1Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation 2InEca-Consulting LLC, Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation 3West-Siberian Branch of V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch - Division of the Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: тополь, клоны, вегетативное размножение, гибридизация, интрогрессия, беккроссы, Кемеровская область, poplar, clones, vegetative propagation, hybridization, introgression, backcrosses, Kemerovo Oblast
Riverbed poplars are often a complex formation consisting of individuals of seed and vegetative origin. In the northern part of the Altai-Sayan mountain country, a significant proportion of them is formed by species of different sections of black poplar Populus nigra L. (section Aigeiros Lunell) and laurel-leaf poplar P. laurifolia Ledeb. (section Tacamahaca Mill.), which differ in the strategy of clone formation. In areas of joint growth, a process of their natural introgressive hybridization occurs. The aim of this work was to study the strategy of clone formation in parental taxa and hybrids in the zone of introgressive hybridization. Studies were conducted at five test sites in the river basin Tom. It was found that clone formation begins in the early stages of planting development and is stimulated by mechanical damage. Black poplar is characterized by compact clones of 2-10 ramet arising from the accessory buds at the base of the stem of a young plant. In the absence of further damage, the clone gradually decays with age, that is, it exists during the life of one generation. Clones of laurel-leaf poplar develop in several stages. At the first stage, a linear clone is formed of several ramets located parallel to the river bed. Subsequently, it grows greatly due to root offspring. These clones are capable of retaining developed territory for a long time. Clones of Irtysh poplar P. jrtyschensis Ch. Y. Yang in the education strategy may deviate towards one of the parent species or differ in intermediate characters. Study of the strategy of clone formation in backcrosses in the river basin Tom confirmed the previously identified direction of asymmetry during introgressive hybridization from laurel-leaf poplar to Black poplar. Probably, in suboptimal conditions of the river basin Tom, namely hybridization and subsequent introgression, provides not only an increase in general variability, but also a unidirectional transfer of valuable adaptive characters from laurel-leaf poplar to Black poplar. The latter, to a large extent, provides opportunities for the development of Black poplar (back-crosses), which are not characteristic of mountain habitats.
V. G. Storozhenko
Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Uspenskoe, Russian Federation
Keywords: устойчивость лесов, еловые формации, возрастные структуры, мозаичность, подрост ели, гнилевые фауты, forest sustainability, spruce formations, age structures, mosaic, undergrowth of spruce, rotten fouts
The article discusses the problem of sustainability of forest communities. The structures of indigenous virgin forests of different ages of spruce formations of the southern taiga subzone located in the nature reserve «Kologrivsky Forest» (Kostroma Oblast) were studied. In the tree stands of three biogeocenoses, dynamic characteristics are different - de-mutational, digressive, and close to climax. In the most productive types of forests, sample plots are laid, on which the age-related, horizontal structures of stands with the division into age-related generations were determined and mosaics of age generations the number and volume of wood mortality at the stages of decomposition of dead trunks, parameters of natural regeneration of the main and associated breeds, the magnitude of the damage to trees and stands by wood-destroying fungi of the biotrophic complex, composition and structure of species of fungi of biotrophic and xylotrophic complexes. All studied biogeocenoses have a different age structure, but a different ratio of tree volumes in age generations. On the area of biogeocenoses, mosaics of various sizes are distinguished, which belong to different age generations of the age group of tree stands. The number of undergrowth of spruce and other species was determined by gradations of height and age, characteristic of spruce forests of the southern taiga subzone in comparison with the northern taiga subzone. Values of affliction of stands by rotten faunas caused by tree-destroying fungi of the biotrophic complex are considered. The species composition of wood-destroying fungi belonging to different types of nutrition is determine All the studied indices of the structures of indigenous spruce forests of the southern taiga are necessary in shaping the quality of sustainability of forest communities not only of spruce forest formations, but also of forests of other species formations.
D. S. Dubovik1,2, V. V. Tarakanov1,3 1West-Siberian Department of V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 2Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 3Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: инвентаризация, селекционно-семеноводческие объекты хвойных пород, космические снимки Pleiades, визуальное дешифрирование, inventory, breeding and seed growing objects of coniferous species, Pleiades satellite scenes, visual decoding
Thousands of hectares of forest seed orchards and archival uterine plantations of plus trees have been created in the Russian Federation. Their inventory and monitoring can be carried out using ultra-high resolution satellite imagery. The purpose of the work was to test this approach based on Pleiades 1A data, optimal in terms of price/quality ratio, for inventory and assessment of the state of archival plantations and forest seed orchards of conifers, concentrated on an area of about 200 hectares of the joint stock comp. Berdskiy forestry enterprise breeding nursery (Iskitimskiy district of the Novosibirsk Oblast). The inventory was carried out on the basis of visual interpretation of the synthesized multispectral images with increased resolution due to the panchromatic channel, taking into account passport and other data on the territory of the nursery. To control the results of visual decoding, a selective field inventory was carried out. The brightness of the pixels of the initial multispectral image in the central parts of the crowns of various trees and plantation areas not covered by crowns is compared. The results obtained illustrate the possibility of identifying healthy trees of cultivated species, as well as fallen and replaced by deciduous self-seeding trees. The described approach can be used for operational remote monitoring of archival plantations and forest seed orchards of conifers.
