Home – Home – Jornals – Philosophy of Sciences 2020 number 1

The territory of the West Amur Region is a heterogeneous geographical area, where an original and unique cultural center has been formed since the Stone Age. The history of studying the late Neolithic era in the region dates back more than a century and is divided into several stages on the level of knowledge. According to historiography, each stage is characterized by a certain level of the material accumulation, processing and understanding, as well as a certain scientific concept. The studies began in the second half of the XIX century. Since then, the source base has been broadening. A new stage in systematic and gradual study of the Stone Age of the Far East is related to the Far Eastern expedition led by A.P. Okladnikov that carried out first works in the territory of Priamurye in 1935. The research of the Stone Age in the region carried out in the 1950s was of great importance for the future reflection of the late Neolithic. During this period of time, a number of locations with elements of late Neolithic material culture were discovered on the Upper Amur. The turning point in studying the late Neolithic period in the region was 1961, when the Far Eastern expedition began systematic studies in the territory of the West Amur Region. A new late Neolithic culture, called Osinoozerskaya, was identified based on the materials received from a number of sites during research in the 1960-70s. It helped to highlight cultural and chronological characteristics of the settled population which lived in semi-subterranean dwellings and engaged mainly in hunting and fishing. The obtained archaeological data allowed the researchers to draw a preliminary conclusion about the presence of argiculture rudiments in this culture. Then there was a 30-year break in studying the late Neolithic in the region. In fact, before the new millennium’s start, there was no information in the archaeological literature about new complexes that could expand sites’ number of the Osinoozerskaya culture. The view of it reflected the level of the source base established by the mid-1970s.

30 archaeological sites and locations had been discovered in the continental and coastal regions of Kamchatka by the beginning of the XXI century, for which seventeen 14C dates were obtained. Using stratigraphic, tephrochronological, radiocarbon analysis data and radiocarbon dates calibration, the chronological frameworks of the period were determined as 7800-4500 years ago. The period criteria were identified based on the materials of the most studied sites of Ushki I, II, V, Avacha I and others, as well as findings of artifacts. The author revealed that the Early Neolithic objects were located at the river banks, lake or sea coasts, ridge spurs. There were typical sites with rounded dwellings settled during the short- and long-term periods; burials, sites-workshops and utility pits. The strategy of the society life support was aimed at hunting, fishing and gathering during the period. The stone industry was based on the primary splitting technique based on the reduction of conical and prismatic cores. The dominant products of splitting are small and medium-sized blades, which used to make the tips of throwing tools, knives, cutters, and scrapers. Bifacial tools are represented by leaf-shaped knives, arrowheads with rhombic, triangular sections. The combination of blade and bifacial technologies can be a marker of the technique of making stone tools for Early Neolithic of Kamchatka. Chopping tools (adzes, axes with an intercept butt) are various in size, shape, and design methods. Products with fully polished sides (axes, adzes) indicate a well-developed grinding technique. Obsidian, flint, basalt, sandstone, quartzite, and jasper were the raw material base for making stone tools. Ceramics and weaving were the most important innovations of this period. Small plastic items, as an individual type of finds, illustrate the spiritual and everyday culture of society and can be characteristic features of the Early Neolithic of Kamchatka. Materials of the Early Neolithic of Kamchatka correlate with archaeological complexes of the Mesolithic - Middle Neolithic of Yakutia and Chukotka, the Middle Neolithic of Primorye, the Early Neolithic of the Middle and Lower Amur, and Sakhalin Island.

A significant amount of subject-figurative ceramics having analogues among haniwa has been recently discovered in the southern Korean Peninsula. The study objective is to consider specific forms of subject-figurative ceramics of the Korean Peninsula and Japanese Islands, to compare artistic, technological and functional features, to identify similar mythological basis. The similarity of the discovery context and functions of subject-figurative ceramics of Korea and Japan raises the question about the place of origin and local features of further development of such objects’ manufacturing tradition. Comparison of figures and contexts revealed such common forms as houses, boats, waterfowl birds, and deer looking around. Studying mythological subjects and ancient literature made it possible to conclude that houses and boats are related to the existence and transportation of the dead people’s souls to another world; waterfowl images in burial complexes is associated with their mission to accompany these souls. The penetration of the continental myth of an archer hunting a deer, which looks around, explains the appearance of this type of images. An argument in favor of this conclusion is finding the figure of the archer with a bow in combination with a deer. The image similarities, variants of manufacturing, the context of finding are not accidental. They show the presence of constant and prolonged contacts between the population of the Korean Peninsula and Japanese Islands. The distribution area of figures confirms the existing hypotheses about the routes of resident movements in these territories. Korean samples are vessels placed on supports; Japanese ones are connected with vessels by their origin; they could not be functionally used this way. The subject-figurative ceramics often encountered at the Japanese Islands is much more due to the availability of raw materials. The similarity of mythological representations characteristic of both territories with mythological subjects of the mainland population confirms the concept of trans-Eurasian migration.

Among the complex of armament objects of ancient and medieval nomadic warriors in the territory of Tian Shan and Semirechie including the Talas Valley, a definite part of hand-to-hand and close combat objects of armament belonged to iron two-edged daggers. The article analyzes quite a rare finding of iron dagger with unusual two-edged blade in section, that is kept at the present time as a part of archaeological collection of «Manas Ordo» national museum complex created in honour of the Kyrgyz people heroic epos and its lead heroic character, distinguished warlord and baghatur Manas. The museum complex is situated in the Tash-Aryk village, the Talas Valley, the Kyrgyz Republic. In scientific literature there is information about similar archaeological findings related to objects of short blade weapons. These findings include short swords-acinaces whose blades have similar design characteristics. They were in armaments of the ancient Sacae nomads inhabited mountain and steppe regions of Central Asia during historical period of the Early Iron Ages. In previous decades, the Sacae swords-acinaces were detected by domestic archaeologists during burial mound excavations of the Sacae in the Pamir Mountains. The Sacae swords-acinaces had metallic predominantly iron straight two-edged short blades, that were intended for targeting jabbing motions against adversaries during hand-to-hand and close combats. Quite possibly, that dagger with straight two-edged blade from the Talas Valley of the Kyrgyz Republic in «Manas Ordo» museum,s archaeological findings collection is originated in some archaeological monuments of the Sacae nomad ancient culture of the Early Iron Age located in this territory, where there are many ancient burial mounds and settlements, tupical of this cultural commonality of early nomads. Daggers of such construction with straight two-edged blades can be related to chronological period of the Early Iron Age. This rare finding could be included in the archaeological collection of «Manas Ordo» museum complex as a result of its quite good conservation of metal it was made of.

The study objective encompasses two components: to determine an initial location of Ubinsky Pas (outpost) and reconstruct its fortifications including planning of the fortress’ internal space. The research source base is represented by the travel diary of I. G. Gmelin who visited the outpost in June 1741 on his way from Tomsk to Tara. The article includes an author’s translation of the itinerary text related to Ubinsky Pas as this work has not been published in Russian. The researchers have repeatedly referred to I. G. Gmelin’s itinerary as an information source to determine its location, layout of fortifications and plan of the fortress yard. However, the location determination was limited to general indications, which considerably distorted the source data. The same is true for characteristics of the fortress wall structure and buildings in the outpost territory. Ubinsky Pas’ location was determined by searching for landmarks specified in the itinerary, on modern maps and ensuring alignment thereof. The fortifications were reconstructed in strict accordance with the source text by interpreting it through the lens of modern historical and archeological data on homogeneous objects located in Siberia and the Far East. The reconstruction of the fortification inner yard plan was carried on based on I. G. Gmelin’s description, by reconciliation of the object’s planigraphic dimensions and garrison’s size. The study showed that Ubinsky Pas used to be located (till its translocation in 1746) on the Menshikov Isle, in the moorland, at south-western margin of the Ubinskoe Lake, two kilometers south of Kreshchensky town. The exact location can be determined only during archeological exploration. The author made graphical reconstruction of the outpost’s fortifications and its plan.

The paper provides an overview of key works of English- and German-language researchers who wrote about the territorial acquisitions of Russia in the Far East in the 1850s; evaluates their contribution to the study of the topic. It is established that in the second half of the XIX - early XX century Western scholars analyzed the issues of Russia’s expansion in the Far East in the context of international (above all, Russo-British) rivalry (E.G. von Ravestein, A. Krausse, C. von Zepelin). In the XX century historians-emigres significantly contributed to the study of Russian-language materials associated with the topic. In their works Western researchers used theories and concepts of «Russian eastward expansion» (F.A. Golder, R.J. Kerner, T. Lin); «colonization» and «colonialism» (Yu.N. Semyonov, J.Stephan, J.Gibson); methods of «new cultural history» (M. Bassin, C. Weiss). Diplomatic aspects of the history of Russia’s expansion to the Amur region were studied by P. Tompkins, R. Quested, S. Paine; military aspects - by J. Stephan, J. Grainger, A. Rath. Investigating the reasons for which Russia entered the Amur region, historians noted the empire’s constant urge to the sea (A. Krausse, T. Lin); wrote about dominant political reasons related to the imperial expansion (E.G. Ravenstein, D. Dallin, S. Paine etc.), the necessity of expanding the merchant ties (F.A. Golder, R.J. Kerner, T. Lin, M. Mancall, H. Salisbury, J. Gibson). Military and strategic reasons were described by E.G. Ravenstein, A. Krausse, J. Stephan, J. Grainger. Historians commend the role of various participants of the “Amur venture” such as A.F. Middendorf (D. Landgraf), G.I. Nevelskoy (A.A. Lobanov-Rostovskiy), N.P. Ignatyev, A.M. Gorchakov (R. Quested), however, most researchers believe that the most significant role was played by the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, Count N.N. Muravyov-Amursky. Evaluating consequences of acquisition of the Amur and Maritime regions provided by the Treaties of Aigun and Peking, Western authors believe that such vast territorial gains eventually helped turn Russia into a Pacific power; changed the vector of its Far Eastern policy from the North-Eastern to the South-Eastern direction. However, they also made international ravalry more acute, which finally led to the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905.

The article is devoted to studying the representations and legal rules that were the base of the family life of Russian empire’s regular army servicemen in the 18th century. The sphere of family life is one of the most important types of social practices, which are necessary to research the problems of everyday life’s history. Due to limited source base for this period the author considered it possible to bring for consideration materials from judicial investigative cases of soldiers’ crimes in relation to their family members. These cases stored in the Russian State Military History Archive (RGVIA) allow presenting views that guided the servicemen relationships with their wives, and how the crimes, committed by soldiers, were assessed from the current legislation’s point of view. The study of these archive materials led the author to the following conclusions. First, the military courts in Russia during the 18th century used the church law norms valid in previous periods in addition to the special legislation (Military Article) to verdict the family life’s crime cases. Second, not only the criminals themselves were convicted, but their victims, who turned out to be soldiers’ wives in the cases under consideration. Third, the guilty bore reduced sentences in comparison with the prescribed ones by laws for their committed crimes. These cases show that the rights of servicemen family members in Russia in the 18th century were poorly protected by legislative norms. Besides, we can see that even military servicemen kept traditional views about the style of family life supported and authorized at the legislative level by imperial state powers, although the regular army was used as the main tools for the transition to modern society in the country

The second half of the XIX - early XX century was the time of formation of the journalist professional community. The latter played an important role among the educated society contributing to public education, construction of the behavioral and moral strategies of their audience. Historiography on the history of Siberian journalism of the studied period can be traditionally divided into three stages: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet ones. Studying professional practices of journalists, their identity, motives of behavior, options for communication between the subjects of the journalistic world has not been the subject of special research. The article defines the main concepts of research: “profession”, “professional community”, “Siberian journalist”, “professional community of journalists”. Journalists rarely referred themselves to “journalists”. Often they used broader terms like “litterateur”, “writer”. According to the author’s view, Siberian journalists were people who temporarily or permanently lived in the territory of Siberia and were full time employees of local periodicals. They were joined by those journalists who lived in the European Russia and were professionally engaged in Siberian problems. The research is based on the methodological approach “anthropology of professions”, aimed at investigating professional practices, motives of behavior, ways of informal interaction between subjects. Following P.V. Romanov and E.R. Yarskaya-Smirnova, under the term “profession” the author means an “activity that brings income and requires special knowledge, skills and rules of behavior”. The article highlights the criteria of journalists’ belonging to professional community: regular cooperation with newspapers, magazines; common “professional everyday life”; receiving a fee for published articles; relating oneself to journalism, developing a professional identity; recognition from colleagues; communication and public skills.

Jews in Siberia had a status of exiles for the most part: the law prohibited the followers of Judaism to leave the boundary of a settled area. However, despite the adaption difficulties in an alien region, Siberian Jews in the second-third generation occupied strong positions in local economics taking leading roles in some industries and replenishing the ranks of local merchants. The article objective is to reveal the reasons of such fast ascent of Jews to the local economics, peak. Was it only a lucky occasion for them or the result of some regularity? The research source base includes five regional archives giving the possibility to trace the process from the exiled status to regional business elite representatives, and reference publications at the edge of the XIX - XX centuries estimating Jewish firms’ state in the Siberian economic space. Analyzing these material the author came to the following conclusions. Siberia changed its status during the investigated period. The concept of its economic development envisaged territorial raw material resource,s transformation into military-strategic and trade-industrial base at the Eastern imperial boundaries, for which the transfer of its economy to capitalist rails became necessary. For that reason the regional authority encouraged business initiatives independently of their origin. The exiled, including Jews, began to be regarded as a colonization resource. Having many centuries of experience of activities under the market economics, conditions, the Jews naturally integrated into transforming Siberian economic structure. Due to their ability to take into account the balance of supply and demand and establish economic relations, they quickly took the leading positions in Siberian colonial industries - trade and mining. Jewish business, inherent features, such as industriousness and entrepreneurial spirit, willingness to take risk, readiness to settle for less, at least in the beginning, allowed the former exiles to take their place among regional business elite.

Based on published and unpublished works of colonization experts, the article identifies and analyzes the estimates of state colonization practices at the late imperial stage. In Soviet and modern historiography, the contribution of colonization experts of the 1920s is evaluated mainly in regard to the planned relocation concept’s development. However, their direct participation in the organization, implementation, scientific understanding of the pre-war period of colonization justifies the appeal to their retrospective assessments. The oppositionality, the left-liberal traditions of the officials of the resettlement department explain the critical attitude towards autocratic power. During the early Soviet stage the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the empire the colonization efforts outskirts were assessed as successful, but not completed due to external factors (revolution and wars). The effectiveness of the resettlement apparatus, the scientific feasibility of colonization programs including the priority of colonization practices over resettlement programs, the regulation of the resettlement flow explain a consistent return to the old principles and programs. Criticism of the pre-revolutionary colonization policy from the class standpoint as imperialist / colonialist Russification did not diminish the effectiveness of resettlement structures and the fruitful contribution of participants to the “active resettlement” matter. The main elements of criticism, as well as the set of necessary innovations (transition from resettlement to colonization, regulatingpeople elements and integrated planning, selection a quality colonizer), were proposed at the pre-war stage by experts as the completion of programs not finished due to the war. Special economic and political conditions for the implementation of early Soviet colonization projects strengthened national priorities to the detriment of regional interests.

The absence of a systematic and detailed analysis of the materials of the XVII conference of the CPSU (b) in January - February 1932 has been and remains a common place of historical literature giving unwittingly a passing character to the event. Evaluation of the conference is largely determined by the Soviet era characteristics supported by numerous attempts to rehabilitate Stalin’s policy. What was the real role of the XVII conference of the CPSU (b)? The article is devoted to this problem. The article notes that at the party forum there was (often hidden and fragmentary) analysis of a yet another year’s results of the First five-year plan, which differed sharply from the planned ones and caused deep imbalances in the national economy of the country. The conference delegates’ speeches showed the reasons of failure to fulfill the plans of the first years of the five-year plan, revealed high level of product defect. It is important, these reasons were not related to the “wrecking of old specialists”, but to objective factors such as the preservation of primitive manual labor zones generating frequent downtime in the modern technology use, as well as the low level of mastering mechanisms due to unskilled workers’ predominance. The speeches of a number of heads of industries and trusts in one or another form condemned the emphasis on quantitative indicators without mentioning the name of Stalin - the initiator of such a policy. At the same time, the delegates of the conference supported all the pro-posed resolutions endorsing the Party’s general line during the years of Great turning point; agreed not to discuss collectivization course and its consequences in the Soviet village

The article objective is to study the problems related to human resources formation at the Siberian industrial enterprises. The processes of personnel formation were mainly associated with scientific and technological progress, which took place at all enterprises in the Siberian region. The research task is to show the development of scientific and technological progress at industrial enterprises and demonstrate its activity. Scientific and technological progress was especially active at industrial enterprises related to mechanical engineering, energy industry, and chemical production. It was slightly less active at enterprises related to transport and construction. The next factor that influenced the problems of personnel formation in Siberia was governmental policy aimed at exploiting various natural resources of the region. The government paid particular attention to the Soviet youth participation, who took an active part both in enterprise and city construction, and in the natural resources development of the Siberian region. Organizing the educational system at various levels played an important role in training industrial personnel for Siberian enterprises. The personnel necessary for the West Siberian oil and gas complex started to prepare personnel in early 1960s. Tyumen Industrial Institute was established in 1963 by a special resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers that immediately began training personnel for the oil and gas complex. Technical and vocational school network was created in Tyumen and neighboring regions as well. The northern West Siberia enterprises staff was trained in Novosibirsk. In addition, the enterprises themselves trained skilled workers, as well as personnel professional development. The author concludes that several factors influenced the formation of human resources in Siberia at once, the main of which were: technological progress and the Soviet state policy on accelerated industrial development of the country’s eastern regions. These problems have not been adequately reflected in Siberian and Russian historiography. The article uses both general scientific and historical approaches. Priority is given to historical methods, where processes are arranged in a chronological order, as well as a comparative analysis of the situation related to industrial development in Siberia’s various regions.

Studying the history of Russia’s regions clearly puts on the agenda the issue of methodological approaches to the studying the post-Soviet period covering about three decades. The latest period of Russian history in its regional refraction is of particular relevance in terms of finding those starting points that would serve as a kind of guideline for historians in covering social and economic issues. The article investigates the history of elaborating strategic projects of the socio-economic development’s main directions for Siberian region carried out by the scientists from the Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production (IEOIP) of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Since the early 1960s, the Institute staff has determined vectors of the main trends in the Siberian economy’s development in accordance with the state policy directions and regional needs. In the 1970-1980s they formulated strategic directions of the regional socio-economic development being implemented in the framework of the program “Siberia”. The post-Soviet period required new approaches to restore the regional economic potential and understand the role of Siberia in the state geopolitical strategy. These approaches are reflected in three documents: Strategies of Siberia’s Socio-Economic Development in 2002, 2005, and 2010. Experience in implementing socio-economic projects in the second half of the ХХ century was summarized, first of all, in the works by economists themselves. Some issues of the Institute’s development were reflected in the works of Siberian historians. Works by A.G. Granberg, V.V. Kuleshov, V.E. Seliverstov and other describe the experience of elaborating strategic programs for Siberia’s socio-economic development in the XXI century. However, a comprehensive analysis of the IEOIP’s activities to elaborate socio-economic programs and development strategies for Siberia has not yet become the subject of a special historiographic analysis. Therefore, the article obgective is to study IEOIP’s team activities in elaborating main directions of Siberia’s socio-economic development in the late XX - early XXI centuries; identify the strategies main priorities for Siberia’s socio-economic development in 2002, 2005 and 2010 that received (in addition to the Strategy 2005 ) the status of program documents officially approved by the Government of the Russian Federation Government.

In the context of formation of the postindustrial society, the issues of creation of tourist infrastructure and entertainment cluster attractive for tourism have become urgent. A.B. Movlaev, I.S., Kabirov, Y.S. Putrik et al. devoted their works to the problems of regional tourism development. In general, the topic, especially its regional aspect, is still waiting for its researchers. The article is intended to reflect the specifics of evolution of the regional policy on domestic and inbound tourism development focusing on the processes of regional legal framework formation and emerging problems. The key point is the regional tourism law of 1999. Over the past 20 years, four ministries have served as the executive body of the regional government in the field of tourism. Currently, the Ministry of Investment and Development of Sverdlovsk Region has the responsibility of these issues. At the Millennia turn, the volume of inbound tourism to Sverdlovsk Region was comparable to these parameters in the mid-80s of the XX century. In the early XXI century Sverdlovsk Region declared itself as a tourist center, however, the main flow of tourists in the region, including foreign ones, is still made up of visitors to business events at the federal level. In 2004, Sverdlovsk Regional government established the Council for Developing Tourism Activities, since 2007 the state targeted programs to develop tourism in the region have been adopted. Since 2011, federal budget funds have been allocated to finance the tourism activities, Sverdlovsk Region Tourism Development Center was opened. In 2018, the Strategy for the Development of Domestic and Inbound Tourism in Sverdlovsk Region up to 2035 was approved. At present, the necessary regulatory and legal framework in the tourism sphere in Sverdlovsk Region has been developed, however, a number of strategic planning documents must be adjusted with participation of representatives of the scientific and public community.

The reseach is relevant because it helps to determine the regional museum world in the situation of bifurcation in the museum world in order to highlight promising trends in its development. For the first time, it gives a comprehensive analysis of the problems and the nature of participation of representatives of the Siberian museum world in the most significant museological forums at the international and all-Russian level held in 2014-2019. These forums include: XXXVII International Symposium of the Committee of Museology of ICOM “New Trends in Museology” (2014, France), Annual Symposium of the Museum of Museology of Asia and the Pacific “Museum and Culture” (2015, Taiwan), international scientific conferences “World trends and museum Practices in Russia” (2018, Moscow), “Museum, Museology and Cultural Heritage” (2019, the Republic of Kazakhstan), as well as all-Russian Scientific and Practical Conferences “Modern trends in Museums and Museology Development” (2014, 2017, Novosibirsk), “Integration of Siberian Museums in the regional Socio-Cultural Space and World Museum Community: Science. Heritage. Society” (2019, Ulan-Ude, Russia). It has been established that the decisive role in worldwide promotion of the activity results of Siberian scientists, museum employees, and teachers belongs to the Museum of Museology of Asia and the Pacific (ASPAC). A number of the Siberian museum world’s innovations (conference “Modern Trends in the Development of Museums and Museology”, project “Integration of Russian Museums in the Regional Socio-Cultural Space”) appeared at the all-Russian level due to the high level of integration of institutions of science, culture, education of the Siberian region and leading Russian institutions in the field of museology. Based on the study of the historiographic resource, empirical base, and sociocultural practices, it can be argued that the museum world’s development in Siberia and its prospects are consistent with the global sociocultural trend of developing all kinds of heritage.

The regional system of professional education has rightly one of the prior places in the structure of its basic socio-economic processes, responding to the outward environment influence (socio-cultural, economic, legislative and other changes), and, in its turn, having retaliatory impact on it. In the structure of the scientific-educational complex of Siberia Novosibirsk plays the leading role. Here function higher educational establishments, which execute specialists’ training, retraining and qualification upgrading, as well as scientific-research institutions of the Novosibirsk scientific center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian academy of sciences and institutions of other departments. All higher educational establishments of the city and a greater part of scientific-research institutions have libraries in their structure. Since the vital problem of today is forming the united system of providing regional educational and scientific institutions with information resources necessary for successful scientific-educational activities, the subject of this article authors’ research interests is the “proper” and real place of the library socio-cultural institutions in this structure. State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSTL SB RAS) is the largest library of the regional scientific-educational complex. Providing the users’ access to information resources is the main direction of the Library activity. At the same time, having the license for educational activity, SPSTL SB RAS is itself the subject of the educational space: it organizes courses of librarians’ retraining and qualification upgrading, cooperates with higher educational establishments of the type in training students. Being the scientific-research institution SPSTL SB RAS has its post-graduate studentship on training scientific specialists of the highest qualification in the research areas “Library, bibliography and book science”. The dialectic approach, permitting to view library-information and educational spheres of the large scientific library activity in their unity and interconditionality, was the common methodological basis for the research undertaken. The article substantiates the role and place of SPSTL SB RAS in forming the modern regional system of professional education, outlines perspectives for creating the reciprocity model of libraries for the scientific-education complex as a whole and integration and diversification of information supply for the sphere and discipline discourse.

The article is dedicated to the study of educational communication between the teacher and the trainee on the basis of the constructivist approach. The aim of the work was the approbation of the P. Taylor-B. Fraser-D. Fisher’s method with reference to the sample of Russian-speaking trainees. The comparative characteristics of the traditional and constructivist models of didactic communication, as well as the data relating to the approbation of the P. Taylor’s constructivist test, are presented.

The article discusses the impact of digitalization on individual and mass consciousness. The designation of the degree of high technologies influence on a person, the image analysis of the world and sense in the context of the probabilistic development of the virtual personality of the “carriers” of digitalization becomes the goal of the study. The virtualistic provisions summarized in virtual psychology were the methodological prerequisites. The paradigmatic approach is used, where virtual realities are recognized in the form of various existential forms that determine the existence of many augmented realities. The methods of research include: dialectic, discourse analysis and methods of virtual psychology. It has been established that modern IT technologies forming the psychological mechanism of “generating new information” create opportunities for the development of a virtual personality, the purposefulness of its behavior, providing a transfer to a new phase of development. The problem areas of destructive immersion in virtual space are identified. Abusing their stay in it, an addict can lose value orientations, learn the norms of delinquent behavior and criminal subculture. It is concluded that it is necessary to continue studying the specifics of socialization in the Internet environment, and the prospects for the development of a virtual personality. The search for ways is associated with overcoming the psychological barriers that arise in the virtual space. Obviously, there is a need to develop a system of psycho-self-regulation of mental activity, elaboration of meanings, internal attitudes, determining the specifics of behavior and predicting the actions of society. Therefore, the task of forming a virtual personality through augmented reality is actualized among the most significant problems of modern psychology.

Digital security in the modern world is one of the leading practical and theoretical trends. Many practitioners and theorists are working to improve digital security, usually completely ignoring the costs of this process, which is very necessary, but not as univocal as it is presented to the state and transnational corporations (TNCs) sponsoring the research. The purpose of the study is to analyze the socio-psychological aspects of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in managing university and school education. Research methodology and techniques. The paper presents the theoretical analysis of the problem of the socio-psychological dangers of using ICT in managing higher education and school education; it also summarizes the included and non-included observations over the processes and results of the implementation of the point-rating system and the use of ICT in university education. The results of the study. The systems “Virtual school” and “Virtual university”, developed and implemented in order to optimize managing processes and increase the accessibility of education in schools and universities, face serious socio-psychological, managerial and legal problems. One of the main problems is the problem of sporadic or systemic violation of personal and organizational security. This problem arose not only because there is no culture of relationships in the digital environment. It arose because moral, conventional- ritual and legal normsб both in the real and in the “virtual” world, ceased to be real regulators of relations. The real regulators in this environment are the norms of the community that modifies all aspects of its existence. Teachers, administrations, the state face a really complicated challenge, which is to restore Russian education as the best education in the world, restore it as a sphere of culture, not business, re-orientate education to develop individual and culture, and not serve even the best "direct" needs of production and economics. However, morally meaningful and based on moral standards, participatory, developing educational technologies are not the unattainable future, but a developed tradition, which researchers and teachers are ready to support and restore.

In this publication, the author raises one of the burning problems of the social development of modern Russia. Considering social development through the prism of contradictions as a factor in overcoming various barriers, the article for a good reason raises the question of the lack of a unifying idea in the country, which can set in motion a civil society. Physical culture and sport can, under certain conditions, become not only an integral part of a healthy lifestyle, but also a condition for the implementation of urgent tasks formulated by the authorities in the form of national projects. After all, the physical health of the country's population is a priority for the activities of both state structures and public institutions, since it is the human resource in all senses that can ensure the country's breakthrough in key areas of its development. The article clearly identifies two vectors in the development of physical culture and sports. On the one hand, it is a sport of achievements, i.e. professional, and, on the other, it is grassroots sport. It is shown that there is a close affinity between them. Information about the complex «Ready for labor and defense» (TRP) served as the main material for the publication. The presented statistics of this movement in Russia is based on the in-depth analysis of a large number of state documents and own research materials in institutions of higher professional education

The article analyzes the qualitative specificity of the work of Descartes as a philosopher. It is revealed that it includes the joint development of subjective-idealistic, materialistic and objective-idealistic components of his philosophical concept; in the future, their competition will determine the historical peculiarity of the whole modern philosophy. This made it possible to define the outstanding role of Descartes as one of its founders as a unique feature. The main attention is paid to the subjective-idealistic component of Descartes's philosophy. His efforts to justify it are critically assessed. The conclusion is made that these efforts failed.

We interpret Kit Fine's fragmentalism in terms of contextual realism, according to which ontology is contextual. Real objects (facts) are identified with the help of contextual norms (rules, concepts) implanted in reality, which are used to «measure» it. The fragmented reality is a set of contexts. We illustrate fragmentalism understood as a contextual realism on the example of special relativity. One can understand relativistic time dilation and length contraction either as real or as conventional depending on the point of view. One can also give meaning to Newtonian absolute time and absolute space. We also insist that Lorentz's dynamic (constructive) relativity theory, Poincare's conventional relativity theory and Einstein's special relativity (a theory-principle) are complementary aspects of one and the same theory. We pay special attention to Poincare's philosophical and scientific views, which we believe to be ahead of their time and can be interpreted in terms of Wittgenstein's later philosophy. We mean that Poincare's conventionalism is a precursor of Wittgenstein's grammatical method with regard to the language of science.

The concepts of scientific realism, firstly, include the statement of the existence of objective reality and, secondly, imply the division of this statement into two components: "the thesis of existence" and "the thesis of independence". Relying on a brief historical analysis of the definitions of the concept of existence, we suppose that this concept is relative and depends on metaphysical principles adopted in a particular era. We show that during the naturalistic turn, there were attempts to make the thesis of existence invariant relative to metaphysical interpretations. In future, it will enable to strengthen the foundations of the concept of scientific realism.

The article analyzes the problem of intensionality of mathematics in B. Russell's logicism program. We argue that the intensional approach applied in Principia Mathematica is associated with the emergence of the hyper-intensional paradox in Russell's substitutional theory. Russel considered his substitutional theory as a tool for resolving paradoxes in terms of preserving a universalist interpretation of logic, which is incompatible with his theory of type. The reproduction of the hyper-intensional paradox in the substitutional theory resulted in giving it up in Principia Mathematica in favor of the ramified theory of type.

The article discusses the classical issues of the epistemology of mathematics in connection with the use of computer systems in mathematical research. It is shown that the problems of epistemological description of computer-assisted mathematical results are often due to the confusion over the content of traditional concepts of the epistemology of mathematics, such as proof, calculation, truths, and verification. The example of characteristics of the logical and theoretical foundations of interactive computer systems based on the theory of types demonstrates their potential in explicating the traditional concepts of the epistemology of mathematics.

The article reviews and analyzes theoretical and empirical arguments for the quantum brain hypothesis and against it. Supporters of the idea of amplification of quantum properties to macrostates of the brain (including psychological states and behavior) and the idea of ephaptic coupling, i.e. "field" non-synaptic connection of axons, are among proponents of the theory. Its opponents insist that all quantum events in nerve tissue are being statistically averaged and leveled to the point where quantum fluctuations do not matter at all; thermodynamic conditions of the nerve tissue functioning impede the occurrence of macroscopic quantum effects. Now, sceptics' positions are stronger, but to date there is accumulated a substantial amount of empirical evidence, which is worth thorough considering. If supporters of amplification are true, it must result in an unexpected answer to the question of the human nature and man's place in the world. Seen in that light, all beings which have nervous system appear to be full agents of the primeval chaos world: they are means capable to reinforce random quantum-mechanical events to macro-scale realizing them not only in inner states of their brains, but also outside, i.e. in their behavior.

The quantum consciousness concept is inextricably linked with the problem of the possibility of the existence of quantum objects under conditions which are suitable for the existence of living organisms. The article considers a physical concept regarding the implementation of such quantum state and the genesis of this concept. It also analyzes the use of the concept in quantum theories of consciousness.

Introduction. Now in most countries of the world, and in particular in Russia, the Bologna system of higher education has been adopted, which in our opinion leads the education system to a pedagogical and educational crisis, and cannot meet the challenges of modernity and the near strategic future. The relevance of the identified problem led to the purpose of the work - on the basis of the analysis of the existing problems in the education system of the Russian Federation, to identify and formulate a new trajectory of the methodology of education, for its crisis-free development. For this purpose, the following tasks are defined: to carry out a brief historical and chronological review of the scientific periodicals; Assess the state of the existing educational system and its structure; Identify the main problem areas of its management efficiency; To propose a path to another methodology of the educational system; To give a new system and structure of education. Methodology and methods of the research. The study of the declared topic was carried out on the basis of educational-axiological methodology, using historical-chronological, system and process approaches, with emphasis on intuitive-thought, abstract and practical-experimental analysis. The proposed new concepts and definitions may be of interest for further philosophical reflection, development of the educational system in the country. The results of the research. The results of the comprehensive analysis show the damage to the further development of the existing educational system, which affects the general educational system, most importantly moral, ethical and cultural behaviour, both of the managerial «elite» and of the majority of society. The main setting for solving this problem is the formation of an individual with a human structure of psyche, in fact, it is a person living under the dictatorship of conscience, realizing his genetically built capabilities and creative potential, applying the power of will for this purpose. Without this, the entire proposed system is not viable. Moreover, the conclusion is drawn about the loss of philosophy, pedagogy, sociology and, in particular, philosophy of education, its main function, prognostic and cognitive. Conclusion. In order to overcome the educational crisis, it is proposed to change the trajectory of the development of the methodology of education. For this purpose, within the framework of the declared theme, two main stages of transition are given, which will be the basis for the development plan (road map) of the educational system in the tactical and strategic perspective. For the purpose of practical implementation of measures at the first stage of transformation, a scheme of a conditionally promising education system of Russia has been proposed. However, the work only outlines the contours and directions of the educational process, which, in our opinion, will lead to the creation of a human society capable of solving existing systemic crises and problems.

Introduction. The article raises the problem of reflection of the goals and objectives of educational process management in Russia on the example of the adoption and use of ratings of international studies of countries in the field of education. Methodology and methods of the research. The analysis is based on an interdisciplinary approach using qualitative and quantitative research methodology, as well as a systematic approach that provides the possibility of analyzing the subject of research as an integral developing structure embedded in other system-structural formations. Under the quality assessment system in the field of education, we understand a set of tools that regulate the institutional behavior of participants in the educational process (schools, universities) to achieve results. The results of the research. Based on the previously conducted analysis of the quality of higher education and the implementation of digitalization programs, this article focuses on the use of methods of General education research and the creation of a unified system for assessing the quality of education in Russia (ESS). The author compares the goals of the State program of the Russian Federation «development of education» with the PISA indicators that determine the level of functional literacy of adolescents. It is concluded that despite the obvious benefits of conducting cross-country research, the state program does not form a vision of its own understanding of development goals and objectives Conclusion. Replacing the qualitative description of learning outcomes with quantitative evaluation parameters using international ratings helps to level the value of the experience of the Russian education system and, moreover, does not create conditions for the preservation and development of Russia’s cultural potential. The revealed violations of logic in the procedure for assessing the impact of all stages of the educational process, starting with the definition of the goal, focus attention on the need to introduce a new parameter-an assessment of the managerial impact that allowed or prevented the harmonious development of the education system.

Introduction. The purpose of the publication is to present the theoretical and practical potential of the essay as a creative educational task in didactics of higher education, and its relevance in Russian education. The article provides with the results of an empirical study of students of two levels of higher education (undergraduate, postgraduate) the real possibility of a successful search and finding innovative technologies that are recognized in the goals, content and means of «forms of vision and understanding of certain aspects of the world» (M. M. Bakhtin). Methodology and methods of the research. The methodological basis of training is the concept of cultural and historical development of higher mental functions of L. S. Vygotsky. The object of the research is the process of a creative search for students who voluntarily choose an issue and independently formulate the topic of their essay. The study subject is the perception and understanding of stimulating material (quotes of eminent thinkers, audio and video materials) proposed by courses «Theory and practice of higher education», «Didactics of the higher education», «Pedagogy and psychology of the higher education». The verbal creativity of students in creating their own text involves a dialogue between me and the other (M. M. Bakhtin). The implementation of the author’s intention is presented in the research results (with a predominance of content analysis) of students’ essays. The results of the research. The novelty of the author’s approach is using the genre of an essay as a didactic resource instead of a study of particular examples of classical and modern literature. The essay as a task enables to solve problems that are connected with a comprehending the actual problems of society and the individuality, students adaptation and identification in comprehension and justification of their position. Writing an essay as an educational activity is organized in a situation of freedom to choose problems and topics for producing their works of creative activity, which are the embodiment of the author’s «I am». In thinking, captured in writing, reveals the creative potential of each student, his or her reflection (personal, social, civil, patriotic, moral aspects), manifested in the need for self-expression and the ability to tell about yourself, your impressions, thoughts through the perception of the world based on a relationship of trust with a teacher. The undoubted advantage for each student is the opportunity to present the author’s views on the actual problem and the topic of the essay. This genre assumes a small size and a free composition, reflecting the individuality of the personality, his or her position. Conclusion. The use of didactic tasks that aim to develop the creative abilities of modern students who are in the situation of accessibility of any information requires conscious selection and subsequent interpretation that are embodied as the aesthetic experience of verbal creativity in the educational process, as existential experience, freedom of expression and self-identification.

Introduction. In connection with the growing manifestations of a systemic crisis of civilization - ideological, environmental, socio-economic - there is an urgent need for a holistic spiritual and psycho-physical picture of the world, based on the transdisciplinary integration of the humanities and natural sciences, and the development of complexes of interrelated curricula. This work is the answer to this challenge of time. Methodology and methods of the research are based on the analysis of culture trends of the «turning into a mechanism» of the environment and the person him/herself; they rely on the picture of the world of ancient cultures, first of all, on the concept of reality as a Cosmic Game, on modern philosophical and scientific research, on the methodology and practice of using innovative and business games, conflict management, and theory of management. The results of the research. It is shown that in the conceptual area consist in the fact that the plot-game model of reality: generalizes the systems approach, saving it from a dangerous falling into objectivism and one-sided materialism; reveals the unobvious process of forming our common life together through the interaction of individual perceptions, feelings, thoughts and actions of each participant in the Universal Drama, while the traditional objectivist picture of the world usually creates the illusion of the seemingly «independence» of a person and a holistic Universe, reduced to mechanical «laws», that provokes irresponsibility at all levels of society. As one of the practical implementations of the worldview presented by the author, a brief description is provided, with links to the main sources, a cycle of 5 disciplines: 1) Concepts of modern natural science; 2) Behavior patterns; 3) Conflictology and management; 4) Theory of catastrophes; 5) Legal and managerial aspects of quality. Conclusion. The proposed complex of disciplines, formed on the basis of the plot-game paradigm, can serve, - first of all, in the field of education - as a precedent for further work on the solution of the global problems formulated at the beginning.

Introduction. The relevance of creation and implementation in the qualification skills improvement process of the model of quality assurance of aviation engineer service leadership specialists’ professional development is justified. Methodology and methods of the research. The author analyses theoretical and methodological set of competency, activity, subject and system approaches to the problem that determines the essence of the process investigated in which aviation engineer service leadership specialists’ professional development is considered as a two-component integral unity of the personality and the competency components. The results of the research. The author presents theoretical description of conceptual and procedure essence of the model which includes the aim, tasks, approaches, principles, functions, factors, procedure and technological aspect (methods, forms, means), mechanisms of implementation; diagnostic package is presented in detail. Conclusion. Solving the problem of quality assurance of aviation engineer service leadership specialists’ professional development lies in purposeful enriching the content of educational process through involving personality element facilitating system and prognostic thinking development and personal qualities contributing to effective decision making.

Introduction. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that increasing the physical activity of students, their active involvement in sports and athletic activities is important for organizing a healthy lifestyle. It is also especially important for future doctors who are required to be an example of personal healthy behavior for their patients. In the epistemological plan, the assessment of the value system of students and student groups is a prerequisite for understanding the motivations of the behavior of young people. The availability of such information allows planning effective practical involvement of young people in active physical education and sports. Methodology and methods of the research. The foundation of this paper was the interaction of analytical and synthetic approaches, on the basis of which the results of studies conducted at Altai State Medical University (ASMU) were analyzed and generalized. The initial method was the questionnaire of students, after that digital data processing was carried out using a computer. The purpose of the paper is to identify the opinions and motivations of students in their attitude to physical education and sports, to the development of physical activity. Students of 4-6 courses in the amount of 55 people took part in the study as respondents. The results of the research. The results of the study showed that most students are inclined toward a greater specialization in physical education. They are most attracted to sports sectional classes. One of the possible effective ways to increase the involvement of students in the process of maintaining and strengthening their physical health is to move the location of training sessions closer to the place of residence of young people. The appropriate optimal solution would be to conduct part of the educational-sports and sports-mass work in the territory of the dormitories, where a significant number of students live. It is also necessary to build at least minimal sports fields in the places of residence of youth. A characteristic testifying to the involvement of students in physical education activities may be their constant training in sports halls and sections. It is possible to evaluate this activity of students by the time that each student spends on physical education classes - either during the day, or in a week, and then in a semester. Conclusion. The study showed that the vast majority of medical students understand the importance of physical education and sports in improving the health of a future doctor, for various reasons. However, far from all realize the goal of increasing motor activity in their lifestyle for a number of objective and subjective reasons. This requires considerable attention to the development of physical education, cultural and mass sports in a medical university.

Introduction. In modern medicine, there has been a pronounced tendency to commercialization, manifested in various forms. For example, this happens when a doctor becomes a co-owner of a hospital; when the doctor prescribes those drugs to patients that the manufacturer wants to be sold; when the doctor conducts a paid admission of patients at commercial prices; when medical education is commercialized, etc. A medical university, the purpose of which is to train qualified personnel for the healthcare sector, is responding to this trend by commercializing the medical education itself. There are quite different opinions about the commercialization of medicine and medical education: from positive to neutral and negative. The purpose of the paper is to analyze different views on commercialization of medicine, medical education and the impact of the consequences of these social processes on ensuring the health of the country’s population. Methodology and methods of the research. The research material was literary sources, statistics on the problem of commercialization of medicine and education. The methods of epistemological and praxeological analysis of scientific material are applied, a comparative assessment of the analyzed characteristics of the commercialization process, integration of the results on a socio-pedagogical basis. The results of the research. Today, in developed countries, the concept of socially responsible business is being increasingly introduced, including in medicine, which is justified as especially important in the conditions of a highly developed knowledge economy, where high-tech intellectual activity is considered to be the center. It is proved that doctors in these conditions also acquire a high social status, have high salaries, as a result of which they no longer need to profit from patients illegally. However, while the country lacks a developed, well-balanced socio-economic system, the introduction of commercial medicine and similar education leads to the fact that many people are not able to provide themselves with paid medical care, even those working, not to mention the unemployed. Some medical workers and specialists from this field get an opportunity to immorally use the hopeless situation of patients. Most doctors, however, only slightly increase their low (in these conditions) economic status. The extreme positions of attitude to this process are as follows. Medical activity can be reduced to exploiting the patient’s addictive position for commercial gain. On the other hand, one can skillfully work with patients, regardless of social transformations, requiring only decent life sustenance. One can treat the patient with love and with understanding of the doctor’s own responsibility as a healer in existing social conditions. Due to the existence of different points of view on the problem of the commercialization of medicine and education, it requires serious comprehensive analysis taking into account existing social conditions. Conclusion. Commercialization of the humanitarian spheres - medicine, education, etc., aimed at capitalization of these areas - is not human-conformable, but human-destructive and socially deforming. Of course, along with the state, the creative sector of organizations of individual social activity of especially gifted teachers and healers is necessary, but its goal is not to accumulate capital due to the urgent needs of the population, but to expand the potential of human life and health.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is connected with updating the key methodology of social work, pluralism of theories and concepts, expanding the fields of social practice, which is associated with the need to increase the subjectivity of specialists and strengthen the status of a professional group. In vocational training, the new trend is manageralisation - the inclusion of managerial ideas at all levels of education, which, according to these changes, can serve as a resource for the formation of a philosophy of professionalism in social work. Methodology and methods of the research. The study was based on the materials of scientific works devoted to the analysis of the category of professionalism in social work and publications describing managerial concepts, the ideas of which laid the foundation for the trend of managerialization in the vocational training system. The analysis of theoretical material is supplemented by empirical data obtained during a survey of practicing social work specialists according to the method of V. V. Sinyavsky and V. A. Fedoroshin «Communicative and organizational inclinations». The results of the research. The scientific analysis of the concepts underlying the formation of the philosophy of professionalism with the ideas of manageralisation is carried out. The main dependencies of the influence of managerial concepts on the philosophy of professionalism in the development of the worldview of specialists who are ready to act in a new social reality are revealed. The essence of two directions of development of education in social work is described - specialization and profilisation. Profiling is associated with new trends in the vocational training system, among which managerialization occupies a special place, considered as a mechanism for combining global goals with real options for achieving them. The content of the transformation processes of the professional role-playing repertoire of social work specialists in the context of manageralisation is indicated, which indicates the expansion of the practitioners ‘functionality in promoting social development and the formation of clients’ abilities to independently solve a difficult life situation. The results of an empirical study reflecting the importance of the managerial component in the learning process are presented, which leads to the conclusion about the need for first-priority changes in the system of training social work specialists. Conclusion. The resourcability of management is argued in relation to the formation of a philosophy of professionalism in social work, taking into account three criteria blocks of professionalism - substantial, normative, and potential. The conclusion is drawn on the importance of applying managerial ideas in the system of formation of the professional worldview of specialists, which will positively affect the strengthening of subjectivity of specialists and raising the status of a professional group.

Introduction. Today, in a globalizing world, the importance of political and legal management of society and its controlling processes is increasing. This scientific paper examines one of the topical problems of legal education, which contains theoretical, methodological and methodological knowledge about the implementation of regional legislation control as one of the factors for improving the quality of laws and, as a result, improving the life of society. Methodology and methods of the research. Is based on the study of the effectiveness of the control function of legislative (representative) body of state power at the regional level and the approach to redefining the functions of Prosecutor’s supervision over compliance of the legislation of subjects of Federation of the Federal legislation with the aim of enhancing it, highlighting that this aspect of oversight, verification of the effectiveness of the legislation on norm-setting and oversight functions of the legislative regional authorities.The methodology system is applied. The holistic principle is used when summarizing the results of the analysis of law-making activities of the subjects of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of Prosecutor’s supervision. A praxiological approach is used to apply the results obtained to the system of legal education. The results of the research. For a number of years, the author has been conducting a scientific study of the problems of monitoring the implementation of legislation, both at the Federal and regional levels. The motivation for studying this issue was the author’s desire to find levers of influence on legislative bodies in order to improve the quality of legislative acts adopted by them, aimed at improving the socio-economic life of our society. The forms of action of the regional parliaments themselves are defined. The concept of the effectiveness of legislation is given. The paper shows the important role of the control function of the legislative (representative) authority of the subject of the Federation, the proper execution of which is one of the conditions for ensuring the constitutional system of our state. Drastic measures are proposed to strengthen the control function, in particular, to include an independent state law enforcement Agency - the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation-in this activity. With this in mind, the activity of the Prosecutor’s office oversight over the implementation of laws regulating various spheres of life of citizens in accordance with the Federal Law «On the procuracy of the Russian Federation». It is proposed to expand the function of Prosecutor’s supervision over the compliance of the legislation of the subjects of the Federation with the Federal legislation. To highlight such an aspect of supervision as checking the effectiveness of the laws of the subjects of the Federation on parliamentary control and the control function of the legislative regional power. Conclusion. It is important to emphasize that certain aspects of legal control have not yet been adequately reflected in the legal education system, and the presence of complex conflicts in legal practice and the lack of training of young legal professionals makes these issues urgent in the educational process. The author suggests that the scientific understanding of this problem should be reflected in the theoretical and practical aspects of legal disciplines.

Introduction. This work reflects on dance teaching driven by the pluricultural dance-art-education method entitled «Body and Ancestry», by the concept of «Escrevivência», and the oral knowledge of Nagô people conceived within what we call terreiro, which is a place where Afro-Brazilian religions take place. It proposes a reflection about dance teaching as a place of convergence where the knowledge present in the individual and collective imaginaries are respected and articulated as proposals that stimulate awareness of the subjectivities and «subjectivations» of individual’s narratives. It suggests Afro-oriented perspectives to dance teaching, added to the already existing teaching strategies in the current scene of contemporary dance teaching as a possibility of a pluralized teacher, capable of hosting and representing the multiple narratives in the Dance and Education fields. Methodology and methods of the research. This is a qualitative research based on the experience report of the first author as an apprentice of Afro-diasporic dances in her grandmother’s terreiro, at the city of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Based on her experience report, together with the skills she developed within the disciplines of the dance undergraduate program at University of Campinas, we searched for bibliography that could be a basis for the theoretical research intended, e.g., a reflection on the importance of including the knowledge of the Nagô people in the curriculum of diferent grades of dance teaching in Brazil, from basics to the superior education, since we have a significant number of Nagô people descendants in Brazilian lands. The results of the research. After reading and analysing all the texts listed, we found three main subjects that we considered that would deserve a thorough reflection, which led us to structure our discussion in three topics: 1) «From memory incarnate: knowledge of terreiro in a body perspective», where the first author presents, from her own memories and writings, the justification for choosing the themes focused on this paper when she first wrote a conclusion course manuscript regarding the same themes; 2) «Black aesthetics, scathing and subtleties: A bridge between ‘Body and Ancestry’ and the writings of self and time», where we discuss the pluricultural dance-art-education proposal of Dr. Inaicyra Falcão dos Santos and the concept of «escrevivência» created by the writer Conceição Evaristo, drawing a parallel and connectivity between the approaches; 3) «Dudu Iyè: Black Reflections in Dance-Music Teaching», where we return to the Nagô people knowledge and discuss the insertion and performance of their descendents in a kind of dance teaching that searches a plural space, capable of accommodating the multiple narratives of individuals in dance. Conclusion. Including Afro-diasporic knowledge in dance teaching helps us to reflect on the dishonest renunciation of black performance in the multiple spheres of contemporaneity and «modernity», which conceive of infinite trajectories of knowledges and acts in dance [1]. It is to expose the hermetic and colonized gear that makes invisible black narratives and stifles any possibility of representation and representation in any medium, be it artistic or social.

Introduction. The purpose of the paper is determined, first of all, by the relevance of the pedagogical problem, which has found itself in the current time of expanding the space of international cooperation in the field of education, including between the countries of the Asian region in the far East. All major universities of Russia (Far Eastern Federal University, Pacific State University, Amur State University and others) annually accept foreign students, most of whom come from China to study various technical and humanitarian specialties. Training in the field of artistic enamel is a special kind of international cooperation, because it combines many matters of ethnic, psychological, pedagogical nature, requiring knowledge of the historical and cultural character of the traditions of education and its state both in China and in Russia. Below we are talking about what historical, cultural, ideological, ethno-psychological concepts filled the space of international contacts in the educational process of studying the ancient art of artistic enamel. The formation of a socially-oriented market economy in China, its rapid development and increasing influence on all processes of business interaction in the world have led to increased interest in the study of the phenomenon of Chinese culture, including one of its areas - applied fine arts. This can explain the fact that in recent years, China’s contacts with Russia in the field of education have significantly expanded due to the choice of new professional areas. Recently, the need to formulate new theoretical and practical approaches to the study of interaction between Russia and China, which have distinct cultural and historical features, has become increasingly obvious and relevant. In this regard, it is extremely important to find the most optimal model for Russian-Chinese interaction and cooperation. The history of the formation of Russian-Chinese cultural and educational ties, their development, stages, trends and features of interaction is a topical theoretical and applied problem not only of the General history, Oriental studies and international relations, but also of the educational systems of both countries. The study of current trends in improving the international educational space, ways and means of optimizing the multicultural educational process in universities that teach students of different nationalities and professions with a long historical past in both China and Russia is a problem of political and socio-cultural significance for both countries. Methodology and methods of the research. The object of this study is the international educational process in higher education institutions of the Russian Far East. The subject of the research is pedagogical conditions for optimizing the process of teaching decorative and applied arts to Chinese students in a Russian University, taking into account the classical traditions of Chinese education (historical and philosophical aspect). To solve the tasks set in the study, General scientific methods of theoretical analysis of research and publications were used. The results of the research predispose to conclusions of this nature: in order to achieve the quality of professionalization of Chinese students studying decorative and applied arts in the far Eastern Russian University, teachers should remember such an important point as the ethno psychosociocultural characteristics of their personality, formed in the centuries-old process of the ancient state with its unique history and philosophy. Conclusion. The study, which was the reason for writing the article, allows us to say that in the process of mastering art, the highest human values are affirmed in the human mind by translating his/her activity into making the beautiful, the eternally alive, equally valuable for different cultures and nationalities.

Introduction. The problem of fostering art culture in post-socialist Russia is investigated. An attempt is made to answer the question why, in the information age, with the widest possibilities and enormous educational potential of the media, some people have a high culture, others master only the basics of mass culture, and still others are generally asocial. Methodology and methods of the research. There are two parallel motives in the strategy of fostering art culture: 1) Preservation of the person in the bosom of the traditional culture of the given people; 2) Training the person to achieve his/her own arbitrarily chosen goals. The primacy of high art over the mass art of the era of consumption is considered in the light of the contradictions of the teachings on the dualism of Descartes and Monism of Hegel, the ideas about the essence of the art of postmodernism by H. Ortega-i-Gaseta and G. Markuse. M. Lotman and B. A. Uspensky concluded that it is important for Russian culture to lack a neutral axiological sphere along with an idea of the duality of categories. The results of the research. Since it is customary to divide culture into intellectual and primitive, chamber and circulation, and more broadly into elitist and mass, it is important to consider such concepts as income, intelligence, appearance and image in their value duality. Conclusion. The idea is affirmed that the concepts of Mass Culture and the Culture of a consumer society must be separated. Anomalies in the development of the value dualism of modern culture are associated with the destruction of the mechanism of spiritual continuity of generations, a decrease in interest in domestic cultural traditions. All this leads to a distortion by the majority of Russian citizens of aesthetic perception, the foundations of cultural values. This type of anomaly is more characteristic of societies of «cultural outsiders» than of Russian society as a carrier of a traditionally high aesthetic heritage.

Introduction. The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the Russian state activities at different stages of its existence in order to minimize offenses among minors, primarily, to strengthen the prevention of such violations. Much attention is paid to episodes related to the prevention of neglect and delinquency among minors. Methodology and methods of the research. The authors analyze theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of juvenile delinquency prevention, the main legal acts on building a juvenile delinquency prevention system, and carry out a historical and legal analysis of legislative acts. The study is aimed at investigating the problems of crime prevention in order to update modern approaches to solving the problems of combating juvenile delinquency. The problem is addressed through diachronic analysis. The result of the research. It is shown that the prevention of juvenile delinquency from the point of view of norms, principles and standards of international law is one of the areas of protecting the rights of minors and an element of crime prevention. Moreover, the authors consider juvenile delinquency as an independent type regarding the totality of qualitative and quantitative indicators of its development and state, also taking into account the personality characteristics of the offender, whose behavior is largely determined by egocentric motives and unstable psyche. The authors have managed to establish that the most effective prevention of juvenile delinquency was organized in the 1970-1980s. This is due to the fact that the state made the fight against juvenile delinquency a priority in the fight against crime. The prevention became more comprehensive and targeted in the 90s of the twentieth century. Conclusion. Turning to the Soviet practice of solving the problems of preventing juvenile delinquency will contribute to a clearer understanding of the role of state structures and public organizations in this process. Positive historical experience should be taken into account, its elements should be introduced into modern legislation, and historical practice in the system of preventing juvenile delinquency should be studied and adapted to modern conditions.