Home – Home – Jornals – Journal of Mining Sciences 2019 number 6

We study Late Jurassic thrusting of the Archean craton basement over Jurassic sediments in Siberia, with the Khamar-Daban terrane as a rigid indenter. The study focuses on deformation and secondary mineralization in Archean and Mesozoic rocks along the thrusting front and the large-scale paleotectonic thrust structure. The pioneering results include the inference that the Angara, Posol’skaya, and Tataurovo thrusts are elements of the Angara-Selenga imbricate fan thrust system and a 3D model of its Angara branch. The history of the Angara-Selenga thrust system consists of three main stages: (I) detachment and folding of the basement under the Jurassic basin and low-angle synclinal and anticlinal folding in the sediments in a setting of weak compression; (II) brecciation and mylonization under increasing shear stress that split the Sharyzhalgai basement inlier into several blocks moving in different directions; formation of an imbricate fan system of thrust sheets that shaped up the thrusting front geometry, with a greater amount of thrusting in the front because of the counter-clockwise rotation of the Sharyzhalgai uplift; (III) strike-slip and normal faulting associated with the origin and evolution of the Baikal rift system, which complicated the morphology of the thrust system.

The origin of the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous volcanism within the northern part of the Argun terrane (eastern Transbaikalia) is considered. New data on the geology, age, and composition of late Mesozoic volcanic complexes of the Ust’-Kara basin are presented. Three stages of volcanism have been identified: Tithonian-Berriasian (~150-143 Ma), Valanginian (~140-136 Ma), and Hauterivian (~134-131 Ma), during which volcanic rocks and sediments of three formations (Udyugan, Ust’-Kara, and Shilka, respectively) were deposited. The petrochemical and geochemical characteristics of the rocks of these formations are considered. The compositions of chemically similar rocks evolved toward an increase in the contents of incompatible elements. The rocks of the Ust’-Kara basin are compared with the coeval igneous rocks of the Great Xing’an and East Mongolian belts, which formed in the settings of an active margin and intracontinental rifting, respectively. It is shown that the rocks of the basin are similar in composition to the volcanics of the Great Xing’an belt. A conclusion has been drawn that the late Mesozoic magmatism in the northern part of the Argun terrane was controlled by subduction processes, which led to the formation of the late Mesozoic active continental margin of the Asian continent.

Based on experimental data (T = 650-800 ºC, P = 1-2 kbar) on the solubility of columbite and tantalite in silicate melt and on the distribution of Ta and Nb among coexisting silicate melt, aqueous fluid, and aluminum fluoride melt, we calculated a possible change in the Ta/Nb indicator ratio in residual deeply differentiated granite melts. The Clarke values of these metals in acid rocks of the Earth’s crust were taken as their initial contents. The calculations were made by the mass balance method. It is shown that the separation of fluid in the closed magmatic system rock-forming minerals-silicate melt-water can lead to an approximately twice increase in Ta/Nb in the residual melt as compared with the initial Clarke value. In the system rock-forming minerals-silicate melt-aluminum fluoride melt with the initial content of fluorine close to that in biotite granites, the Ta/Nb ratio in the residual melt can increase to ~1. Successive crystallization of minerals of the isomorphic columbite-tantalite series can lead to Ta/Nb > 2 in the residual melt. Crystallization of biotite causes a significant increase in Ta/Nb and prevents the accumulation of these metals in the residual silicate melt.

Hydrotalcite supergroup minerals stichtite, pyroaurite, iowaite, and woodallite form a complex solid-solution system at the Kyzyl-Uyuk locality (Terekta Ridge, Gorny Altai, Russia). The diversity of these minerals is due to: (1) subdivision by anionic interlayer composition into carbonate (stichtite and pyroaurite) and chloride (iowaite and woodallite) species and (2) isomorphism of M ³⁺ cations, mainly between Cr- (stichtite and woodallite) and Fe³⁺-dominant species (pyroaurite and iowaite), with a quantitative predominance of stichtite and iowaite. Most of the studied samples correspond to stichtite and woodallite with high Fe³⁺ contents or pyroaurite and iowaite with high Cr³⁺ contents. According to vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy data, the interlayer Cl^- is partially substituted by OH^- rather than CO₃^2- groups. We suppose that the presence/absence of a band in the region 1400-1350 cm^-1 in the Raman spectra of stichtite can be explained by the local distortion of triangular CO₃ groups. Stichtite and iowaite occur here in polytypic modifications 3 R and 2 H that are the most widespread for the hydrotalcite supergroup minerals. For both minerals, the polytype 3 R strongly dominates over 2 H ; the lowest 3 R /2 H ratio determined for the Terekta iowaite and strichtitle is 2:1. The Altai stichtite is close in 3 R /2 H to the stichtite from Tasmania (Australia) and differs significantly from that in Transvaal samples (South Africa).

We present results of analysis of the morphology and chemical composition of platinum-group minerals from chromite-platinum orebodies of zoned clinopyroxenite-dunite massifs in the Middle Urals (Nizhnii Tagil, Svetlyi Bor, Veresovyi Bor, and Kamenushka). Study of more than 500 grains has given an insight into the sequence of formation of platinum-group minerals in chromitites of  the studied massifs. Three assemblages of platinum-group minerals have been revealed: magmatic (Os-Ir-Ru intermetallic compounds, isoferroplatinum, ferroplatinum, sulfides of the isomorphous series laurite-erlichmanite and kashinite-bowieite, and thiospinels of the series cuproiridsite-cuprorhodsite-malanite); postmagmatic (with a predominance of tulameenite, tetraferroplatinum, and ferronickelplatinum, resulted from serpentinization of dunites); and latest secondary (minerals with a predominance of platinum-group sulfides, arsenides, sulfoantimonides, sulfoarsenides, plumbides, and amalgams).

We discuss the structure of the Earth’s crust, the seismic stratigraphy, thermal evolution, and stretching of the lithosphere in the sedimentary basin of the Cooperation Sea located on the continental margin of Antarctica in the south of the Indian Ocean. The sedimentary basin includes intracontinental and marginal rifts; the former is located on the shelf, and the latter, in the deep-water area. A seismostratigraphic analysis has revealed four sequences in the sedimentary cover of the intracontinental rift, which formed fr om middle Permian to late Cenozoic, and nine sequences in the sedimentary cover of the marginal rift, which have been deposited since the Middle Jurassic. One-dimensional numerical modeling of the thermal regime and the basement subsidence was performed over 18 points along the profile crossing the basin from the shelf to the lower continental rise. Based on the results of modeling and seismostratigraphic analysis, we have established variations in rock temperature with depth and in the degree of lithosphere stretching throughout the basin rift history. The modeling showed that the depth of the basement subsidence and the thickness of the crystalline part of the basin crust are governed by the lithosphere stretching before sedimentation. The maximum stretching is reached at the depocenters of rift structures (wh ere the crust is the thinnest), being 2.8 before sedimentation and 1.16 after it in the intracontinental rift and 4.6 and 1.4, respectively, in the marginal rift.

The potentialities of the 3D inversion program WSINV3DMT were estimated on the model [ Zm ] and observed [ Zob ] components of the impedance tensor and its invariants during the construction of geoelectrical models for the southern part of the Altai-Sayan region characterized by a three-dimensional distribution of electrical conductivity. These components were obtained for a 3D model constructed by the method of interactive selection of the 3D model induction curves for the experimental ones. Testing of the WSINV3DMT program on the model magnetotelluric data showed the possibility of not only isolation of blocks of high electrical conductivity but also of the appearance of conductivity anomalies different from the model ones. The paper presents a 3D geoelectrical model for the southern focal zones of the region, constructed with the use of the WSINV3DMT program and the proposed method of interpretation. The isolated blocks of low electrical resistivity are correlated with the location of earthquake foci, deep faults, and regions of high absorption of earthquake exchange waves.

The development of strong seismic activations in the northern Baikal area in 1999-2007 is considered. Based on maps of earthquake epicenter density, it has been shown that each activation is a separate group of seismic shocks (a cluster), whose scale and spatio-temporal pattern depend strongly on the stress-strain state of the crust. Estimates of seismic-moment tensors for strong earthquakes within the clusters demonstrate that the most numerous groups of shocks form in the rift stress field. With moving away to the southeast fr om the conventional axis of the Baikal rift, this field changes under amplification of the compressional stresses in Transbaikalia. Simultaneously, we observe a decrease in the number of seismic events and in their energy level. Totally, the considered seismic activations prove the small-scale block structure of the crust in the northern Baikal area and reflect the main features of the modern geotectonic development of this area related to the adjacent morphostructural zone, wh ere most of fragments are involved in rifting and the other are affected by the activation of positive-sign block movements. The obtained results should be taken into account in the assessment of the seismic hazard of the studied territory.

A general procedure is suggested for calculating the upper (Voigt) and lower (Reuss) bounds of the average elastic constants of an anisotropic medium from crystallographic directions. The elastic tensors of Hooke’s law can be expanded into irreducible representations of the rotation group. The Voigt/Reuss-averaged elastic constants depend on the second and fourth moments of the distribution function rather than on the entire function used for the averaging. In this case, the distribution function depends on one angle, while the elastic constants depend on two variables. The limitations imposed by the probability theory on the moment values are investigated and used to derive general constraints on the Voigt (Reuss) bounds of elastic constants.

The authors analyze the structure of the elasticity tensors and compliance coefficients in a special linearly elastic and transversely isotropic material with paradox behavior. The intrinsic moduli and states are found for the elasticity tensors if this material. The extreme values of Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio are determined. The characteristics of the nearest tensor of elasticity moduli are obtained.

The authors analyze the effect revealed at the Institute of Mining, SB RAS in the 1970s. This effect consists in a noticeable off-center displacement of the maximum normal pressure on the bottom of a conical pile when heaped. The new experimental data are presented. The stress-stress analysis of the pile between two parallel smooth plates is solved using a 3D discrete element method. The calculations prove the indicated effect.

In the current study, uniaxial compressive strength, Schmidt hammer and Sonic velocity tests are performed on NX size rock core samples from Sakesar and Namal formation limestone. Least square regression analysis is used to develop any possible correlations between the destructive and non-destructive test results. Empirical models, for predicting the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks by using the rebound number and P-wave/S-wave velocity, have been developed and evaluated. Analysis shows that the empirical model for predicting UCS with Schmidt hammer rebound number is more reliable over a wide range of strength values for both the formations. Whereas the models that uses P-wave/S-wave velocities is reliable particularly when the strength values are low to medium.

The collected data on long-runout rockslides induced be large-scale underground blasts are presented. The critical conditions of the rockslides are determined as a function of the dynamic impact, rockfall volume, as well as the slope height and gradient. It is shown that the main condition for the mobile rockslides is their volume exceeding 10⁶-10⁸ m³. A collateral effect for rockslides in case of smaller volume of 10⁶-10⁷ m³ is the presence of an acceleration phase at the slope toe and the absence of a counter slope. The relations of the avalanche front range, rockslide volume and failure height are given. It is mentioned that the avalanche range is associated with their composition, in particular, rock-and-ice or rock-and-snow avalanches feature increased mobility starting from their volumes of 10⁵ m³. A brief review of theoretical and modeling studies intended to explain the reduced friction in large avalanches is provided.

The measurement data on seismic load parameters induced by massive blasting in surface and underground mines are presented. The maximum amplitude of seismic vibrations at the probable depth of potential sources of high-magnitude stimulated-tectonic earthquakes is calculated. These estimates and their comparison with the precision deformography observations show that residual displacements along faults at seismic depths under the impact of massive blasts in surface mines are not more than dens-hundreds microns. The seismic data demonstrate insufficiency of these impacts for initiation of high-magnitude earthquakes.

Three influences on physical modeling results of unstable dynamic displacements along fault edges under triggered relaxation. The fault filler is assumed to be quartz sand placed in-between moving tiff and rough plates. This quartz sand interlayer is subject to variation in compaction, to relaxation from stresses and to a burst air flow across the interlayer to simulate gas rush in the fault. The relaxation periods in the compact sand packing under the influence of the gas flow are determined.

In this study, the best possible location for an air deck in an explosive column during a surface blasting operation for the most efficient rock fragmentation is described. Volumes of air decks are proposed for the optimization. This study aims at helping guide blast engineers to easily apply an air deck in a surface blasting operation.

The current situation and development trends in the biological degassing of coal are reviewed. It is shown that methane desorption is a consequence of rock mass destruction by activity of microorganisms and releasing bacterial metabolites. The influence of microorganisms on coal as a function of a prevailing microbial community and its variety, access of oxygen and nutritious substrates is observed. Advancement of the biological method for coal field degassing based on the methanotrophy is discussed.

The paper considers and analyzes capacities of deductive organization for theoretical knowledge and revelation of its ultimate foundations. An analogy with the search of foundations of mathematics as it was realized by Frege’s logicism leads to the problem of foundation of theories in experimental natural science. The analysis shows that the analogy with mathematical theories implies a certain view of natural science when assumptions of specific basic primary truths are expected to exist in each scientific discipline.

The history of a computer metaphor in empirical and theoretical doctrines concerning consciousness and the brain is complex and ambiguous. It is difficult to deny a heuristicity of analogies between principles of computer work and some cognitive processes in the human mind. However, weaknesses of computationalism were inherited by some points of physicalist approaches to explaining the nature of consciousness. Along with a traditional criticism of physicalism, there arises a line of an anticomputationalist kind. The article considers attempts to rehabilitate physicalism with the help of informational realism through a special ontological status of information objects and special characteristics of data semantics. One of our tasks was to show that these attempts just emphasized the gap between semantics and ontology of information. In this context, a particular status is acquired by the concept of informational significance which makes it possible to connect physical properties of a process with properties of a repertoire in an abstract algorithm "representing" this process.

The article reviews publications on the problem of reproducibility of experimental results of post-nonclassical science. The main attention is paid to the review of reproducibility indicators. The notion of reproducibility is discussed in the light of different models of the effect size. The relationship of the concepts of “reproducibility of the effect size and the existence of phenomena is considered. Some results of the project led by Brian Nosek are examined. As an empirical testing of the well-known thesis of non-reproducibility of results of parapsychological experiments, we carry out meta-analysis of the results of experiments in remote viewing.

The article studies the problem of normativity in the framework of naturalized epistemology. The latter is compared with the traditional approach to epistemology, in which normativity is a consequence of the a priori truth of statements. Since there is no a priori truth in the naturalistic approach, it is either necessary to find another source of normativity, or reformulate the concept in an appropriate way. It is proposed to consider descriptive judgments as normative without resorting to additional sources of normativity. At the same time, the naturalistic fallacy can be avoided by considering the evolutionarily developed epistemic mechanisms of human.

The article deals with the study of possibilities of applying abductive reasoning within the philosophy of mathematics to choose the best theory of foundations of mathematics. We consider the concept of simplicity of mathematical proof and its relation with convincingness. In the context of foundations of mathematics, we raise the problem of the criterion of foundations simplicity, reveal difficulties of its application, and outline ways for further studies of the methodology of the philosophy of mathematics.

The article shows that the formalization method is not universal. Firstly, mathematization does not make it possible to answer certain questions, e.g. those related to the essence of knowledge. Secondly, mathematics is quite suitable for presenting knowledge in the field of exact science but is less adequate for being used in the humanities. Thirdly, not all mathematical disciplines are used in applications; it is rather the task of applied mathematics. Fourthly, even in applied mathematics, not all its branches have a universal application. To determine the applicability of a mathematical result, we introduce the concept of the basic property of the studied object of a mathematical theory. A property is called basic if it is used to prove main results of a mathematical discipline. For example, in the probability theory and classical mathematical statistics, probability distribution and independence function as such properties. Since it is difficult to guarantee the determination and verification of the probability distribution and independence of random variables based on the data under study, the probability theory and classical mathematical statistics are not universally applicable.

The article raises and considers the problem of the completeness of philosophical conceptions in the formation and development of nonclassical physics.

Within the contextual realism in respect to the philosophy of physics, we focus on a correct understanding of the concept of physical reality, the necessity of taking into account a categorical distinction between the ideal and the real, and the context dependence of ontology of physical reality. The problem of theoretical access to physical reality, or the problem of a “gap” between a physical theory and reality (i.e. theory application), is a pseudo-problem. This is an instantiation of the Wittgensteinian rule-following problem. In particular, the quantum “measurement problem” is a pseudo-problem. The dualism of the quantum observer and the observed system is rejected. At the same time, there is a difference between them. However, this difference is not substantial, but categorical, and depends on a point of view. The contextual realism makes it possible to explain quantum correlations causally and locally as correlations in the context.

The article considers how quantum computers influence consciousness. The history of the creation of quantum computers and the problems which get in developers' way are briefly described. It is noted that the creation of quantum computers became possible due to changes in thinking. The development of technology raises serious theoretical and philosophical problems. In the article, the conclusion is made that it is necessary to modernize the generally accepted style of thinking based on binary logic.

The article considers key approaches to understanding artificial intelligence, namely the concepts of strong and weak artificial intelligence, as well as the connectionist and symbolic approaches. The concept of intelligence is clarified and its connection with the concept of consciousness is analyzed. The conclusion is made that the functioning of the intelligence (both natural and artificial) requires phenomenal and reflexive levels of consciousness.

The article discusses the concept of fact, as well as other basic concepts of the situation semantics as they are given in A. Kratzer’s version of this approach. The advantages of the method for their constructing which is used by Kratzer over the method used by J. Barwise and J. Perry are revealed. Particular attention is paid to functions of Kratzer’s concept of fact in the semantics of epistemic attitudes, as well as in the theory of a special ("strong") kind of consequences which is distinguished in the situation semantics.

The authors’ goal is to describe the contribution of the Soviet biologist A.A. Lyubishchev to the statement and development of the problem of organic purposiveness through comparing his approach with those developed by his contemporaries. The article produces an attempt to carry out a comparative study of the approaches of two Soviet scientists, A.A. Lyubishchev and I.T. Frolov, to teleological issue in biology basing on their crucial works: the article "The Problem of Purposiveness" by Lyubishchev (1946) and the thesis "Determinism and Teleology" by Frolov (1958). The paper explicates conceptual systems used by the scientists, reveals and analyzes features of definitions of determinism and teleology in the history of science, marks out basic principles of epistemological strategies used by two scientists, and conducts a comparative analysis of these principles. The authors conclude that A.A. Lyubishchev (along with I.T. Frolov) was one of the first Russian scientists who proposed to introduce elements of non-classical science into biology.

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the problem of the human capital development in Russia and the modern world-system. The success of society in many respects depends on the opportunities for development and self-realization available for its members. However, the modern world-system is hierarchical, therefore, inequality of opportunity is one of the characteristics of social relations both within societies and in the system as a whole. Existing education systems reflect this inequality. The authors draw attention to the contradictions in the development of the domestic education system in the post-Soviet period; they pose the question about the objective reasons for the changes observed in it in the implementation of human capital development tasks. Methodology and methods of the research. The theoretical developments of the world-system approach (I. Wallerstein) were used as a research methodology. The authors point out the advantages of this approach in comparison with the modernization theory and the basic general postulates of globalization theories. The authors claim that the results of studies in the field of comparative education obtained on the basis of the world-system approach are consistent with the results and can be supplemented by the data of the world culture theory (J. W. Meyer) and decolonization theory (W. D. Mignolo, J. Kerr, Sousa Santos B. de, K. Bennett). The results of the research. In 1980 on the basis of the world-system approach a direction was formed that studies problems in the field of comparative education (R. F. Arnove, T. G. Griffiths, M. Demeter). The authors of the paper systematize the main theses of this direction, relying on the ideas of I. Wallerstein about the presence of inequality of subjects in the world-system, the escalation of class conflict and the crisis of the modern world order. Using the obtained results, the authors describe the situation in Russian education. The paper argues that, after the collapse of the USSR, an education system in Russia is being formed that reflects and reinforces inequality both within society and in regard to the position of Russian society in the periphery of the world-system. Conclusion. The peripheralization of the Russian economy determines the gradual peripheralization of Russian education. Borrowing Western models of education without proper financing and abandoning domestic pedagogical traditions does not lead to development of the Russian education system, but to a transformation that limits the development of human capital to the level of peripheral capabilities, namely - a «qualified consumer», but not a «human-creator».

Introduction. The issues of legal and constitutional culture have become relevant from the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century in Russia in connection with the growth of international legal problems, as well as the complexity of national legal constitutional problems within a federal state. Methodology and methods of the research. The dialectic, systemic, sociocultural approaches are applied; scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative studies, integration of the results. The results of the research. The socio-philosophical analysis of the formation of general cultural studies in the twentieth century, the differentiation of modern culture into anthropological and social culture is carried out. It is shown that in the social culture such directions as political, legal culture are developing. In legal culture, its essential component is formed - the constitutional culture. Knowledge of the laws of legal and constitutional culture is important in solving the national legal problems of a federal state, including Russia. In addition, the described problem is important at the level of international legal relations, it allows identifying the specifics of national legal cultures of different countries, finding ways of optimal interactions and cooperation of states in solving common international and global problems. The author reveals the general problem of «Own» and «Alien» in culture, applied to the legal and constitutional culture. Achievements in the cognition of philosophical-legal, theoretical-legal and applied legal problems of legal and constitutional culture should be included in the educational disciplines of legal education. As separate topics, issues of a new integrative direction, legal and constitutional culturology, are considered. Conclusion. Thus, we can assume that the study of issues of legal and constitutional domestic culture should be based on fundamental legal and cultural knowledge, and the most important results obtained should be included in a professional legal education in a timely manner.

Introduction. One of the most pressing problems in the process of carrying out sociocultural activities in modern civil society is the creation and promotion of the cultural image of individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation or municipalities, referred to in the scientific doctrine as «territorial branding». The formation of an aesthetic taste in this area is connected with the problem of attitude to video content - the source of symbolic resources of modern society. The unlimited possibilities of the language of video images to influence the subconscious mind are actively used in territorial branding. Setting the goal of actively engaging a person in the world of photography, creating a positive space for his/her territory, mastering practical skills and cultural and leisure activities, requires the philosophy of education to educate, discuss and clarify the forms and methods of instilling visual culture based on images, symbols and receptions based on traditional values of domestic culture. Accordingly, the presence in modern realities of the corresponding territory of its own brand will be not only one of the main conditions for quality development, but also the realization of its existing cultural potential. Methodology and methods of the research. Strategies of propaganda and «soft power» technologies are examined in terms of their ability to exert a consolidating effect on public consciousness and the setting of value priorities. Based on the methodological principles of the theory of visualization of Aristotle, Leibniz, Husserl, P. A. Florensky, as well as the French philosophers of postmodernists J. Derrida, J. Baudrillard, J.-F. Lyotar, M. Foucault and others. Elements of visual culture are studied (metaphor, propaganda, simulacrum, visual images, functions and goals of the manipulator, etc.). The results of the research showed that since, with the help of technological machines, visual images, it is possible to quickly and efficiently give the desired image to individuals, communities and territories, the visual environment acquires the ability to both integrate and disintegrate society. Any society can be divided into its active and passive parts. A person, creating and «consuming» video images, can act actively, creatively - as a media subject (subject of information policy); or passively, consumer - as a media object (an object of information policy). In this regard, the territorial local community can rightfully be considered as a collective media object. Hence, one of the most important tasks for education is to determine the type of media audience as an object of education (impact). If the audience is passive, then there is a need to analyze the causes of passivity, since the predominantly passive audience is not able to recognize the manipulation of their consciousness and absorbs the content prepared by the communicator without thinking about its metaphorical meanings. Conclusion. The study showed that by cultivating certain tastes in the field of the visual sphere, it is possible to both strengthen and destroy the bonds between people. Visual images, including the symbolic resources of society, should be used for positive branding of the territory, consolidating the mass consciousness around images containing significant symbols. It is in this area in the future that the protection of the right to the dignity of the individual, society and its territory should be extended.

Introduction. The cognition of society and the most complex social transformations in the era of globalization requires the use of an adequate theoretical and methodological basis, an appropriate conceptual apparatus, with which it is possible to understand the specifics of social processes at the beginning of the 21st century. Methodology and methods of the research. A system-synergetic approach to the cognition of a globalizing society is used as the main one. The necessity of its use in philosophical education, for the training of modern socio-humanitarian specialists, theorists and practitioners, is substantiated. The results of the research. The content of the system-synergetic approach, the methods of modern socio-philosophical cognition associated with it are revealed. An important role of the results of scientific and philosophical cognition of a globalizing society based on systemic synergetic patterns is shown. The results of such studies in socio-philosophical education are of vital importance, since modern humanities specialists must be able, in theory and in practice, to solve a number of complex problems of society emerging from crisis conditions, to determine ways to stabilize social life at different levels of the organization - from individual areas of life of the country to the solution of the most important national tasks, international and global problems of preserving the sociosphere. The author’s results on the specifics of understanding order and chaos in the era of globalization are presented. Different types of order in society are distinguished: a balanced stable order and disharmonious unstable social order, as well as their varieties. The duality of the types of social chaos is shown: organizational-creating and deformation-destructive, their varieties are also revealed. Possible forms of relations of different types of order and chaos in society are determined. The specificity of the manifestation of systemic synergistic patterns at different levels of the organization of society (supranational, state and domestic) is investigated. The significance of the socio-philosophical analysis of systemic-cyclical, synergetic and hierarchical interactions with the help of a triad of the categories «order - disorder - chaos» at different levels of sociosphere organization in the context of globalization is substantiated. Conclusion. Using a system-synergetic approach in socio-philosophical cognition and education will allow future professionals to better understand the complex social transformations of society in the era of globalization.

Introduction. The paper considers the relationship and proportion of the value-oriented aspects of innovative and traditional approaches for the development of the modern paradigm of Russian education in order to identify the initial definitions and explore new forms, ways and conditions of organization and self-regulation of educational activities. Methodology and methods of the research. The analysis of educational technologies (traditional and innovative) is based on the educational axiological methodology, the revealing of the conceptual framework of traditional and innovative educational approaches, as well as the philosophical and axiological interpretation of the concepts of «proportion» and «interconnection». The considered conceptual framework may be of interest both in terms of a scientific and philosophical analysis of the sociocultural situation in Russia, and in terms of organizing the education system in unfavorable modernization conditions. The results of the research. It is shown that the integration of innovative and traditional approaches in education is possible with the establishment of optimal proportions and interconnections between these processes due to the globalization of education, the commercialization of the educational system, the emergence of new functions and forms of socio-scientific and educational activities. Variants and directions are highlighted of the proportion and interconnection of traditions and innovations, which in Russian education so far with a high degree of probability have an adaptive or attenuating character between the goal-setting, requirements and activities of the educational system reformers. Conclusion. The combination of innovative and traditional approaches, in our opinion, is a successful solution to educational problems, provided we do not consider them as mutually exclusive categories. The main task is axiological determination of the most significant features of the development of this educational system or individual institution. One of the key innovative problems is the development of integration options due to a global, state or local-social order for education.

Introduction. The study is based on a comparative analysis of educational policy in terms of reforming the education system in five countries, including PRC, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea. All five societies are among the most advanced economies and are therefore among the first to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century. Without exception, all systems have undergone significant, substantial and comprehensive educational reforms, which are still ongoing. These countries were chosen for their approach to school reform - they begin with an understanding of the changes in society, look to the future and develop aspirations for the future. The paper discusses the features of the last decade of reforms in the field of education in each of the countries, as well as the competencies that a student must have who has received secondary education in order to successfully live and work in the XXI century, the new digital era. Thus, education reforms in selected East Asian countries are of special interest for the Russian researchers. The aim is to present the experience of East Asian countries in the creation and implementation of the competence model of the XXI century for students of the basic General education. Methodology and methods of the research. The work is based on the comparative and system approach which make possible the analysis of the research subject as a whole evolving structure that is built in to other system-structural formations; theoretical methods: analysis and synthesis of literature on the research problem, comparison, generalization, comparison and systematization of the received data. The results of the research. On the basis of the analysis of modern scientific researches, framework, legislative documents and educational programs, the basic formed competences and skills at pupils in the course of training in the countries of East Asia are described. Conclusion. The study allowed us to draw conclusions about the model of competencies of the XXI century for students of basic General education in East Asia. At the same time, in each of the countries, the implementation of the model required reforms and significant changes in the field of education both at the institutional level and at the school level. The study is of great theoretical importance, especially for managers in the field of education, as well as researchers and educators. Analysis of the experience of foreign countries allows choosing the most effective approaches to school reforms in East Asia and implementing them considering the Russian reality.

Introduction. The flared up «scientific wars» in the field of the philosophy of science were one of the most striking phenomena in the history of the humanitarian and social disciplines of recent decades. The issues discussed in their course concerned various aspects of scientific rationality, research methodology, and the practice of teaching the relevant disciplines. In fact, since its inception, «scientific wars» began to include issues of politics and practice of organizing higher education, its axiological characteristics. The content of this debate allows us to consider «scientific wars» as the continuation and development of «cultural wars» for preserving the canon as the axiological and ideological basis of university education in the United States. Methodology and methods of the research. The subject of the study involves the use of a cultural and philosophical approach that allows, on the basis of the analysis of the discourse of «cultural» and «scientific» wars, to present the cultural and ideological struggle for the axiological content of university education in the USA. The results of the research. The analysis of the content of the discourse of «cultural» and «scientific» wars, as well as their dynamics, allowed us to conclude that the debate on the standards and values of scientific rationality raised during the «scientific wars» should be considered as a new stage in the development of «cultural wars», related to the opposition of conservative and liberal ideologies of university education organization regarding the axiological, cultural and political functions of university education in the USA. Conclusion. The deep integration of university education in the political and cultural life of the United States determines the «political commitment» of the academic debate about the culturally identifying and axiological role of the content of university disciplines. A particular manifestation of this feature is the «cultural» and «scientific» wars.

Introduction. The long-term strategic partnership between Russia and Mongolia, in the spirit of mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields of politics, economy, social and cultural spheres, significantly increases the need for the training of highly qualified professional personnel. The importance of the development of educational cooperation between Russia and Mongolia lies in the need to train specialists to promote new production technologies, joint business projects, as well as to establish a mechanism for the reproduction of groups of language and culture translators for neighboring territories in the future. Methodology and methods of the research. The general methodological basis of the study is the system-genetic approach, according to which the education system is presented as a multi-level, structured holistic phenomenon that develops both in internal relationships and in connection with the external environment. The study was carried out using: analytical method, dialectical logic, the principle of unity of the logical and the historical; specific methods: analysis of statistical data and documents, mass sociological surveys, personal observations, expert surveys. The results of the research. The current nature of educational cooperation between Russia and Mongolia today requires adjustment, it is necessary to listen to the ideas and goals of partners. This is impossible without obtaining data on the structure of needs, the content of the educational process, organizational features, determining the vector and possible directions of interaction in the future. The paper considers the priorities of Mongolia’s needs in the professional training of specialists in certain sectors of the economy in general, and in particular, based on the specifics of various regions. The problems of Russian language development in Mongolia are connected with the attractiveness of education in Russia and the activities of the RCSC (Russian center of science and culture) and its branches in Mongolia. The analysis of the obtained data makes it possible to formulate up-to-date proposals for cooperation in the field of higher education. Conclusion. It is concluded that the relevance of language learning is related to the acquisition of a profession and opportunities for further employment of Mongolian and Russian youth.

Introduction. The paper describes the research results devoted to the problem of searching for the new conceptual philosophical and anthropological approaches in order to develop contemporary educational technologies which are adequate to the «human situation» in the modern world. The need for research and descriptions of the new fundamental foundations in contemporary pedagogical anthropology, which is a section of humanitarian knowledge, is associated with the increase of socio-psychological problems of individuals and society in the era of globalization. Methodology and methods of the research. Rational-individualistic and socio-collectivist paradigms that exist today in the humanities and pedagogy, in particular, do not solve the underlying existential problems associated with the disclosure of “inner world” of modern person, both in the West and in Russia. However, in the history of philosophical thought of the 20th century, there were developed the concepts of existentialism and personalism, which can be used to solve contemporary problems within the framework of educational anthropology. The results of the the research. The purpose of this research is to formulate the subject area of existential approach in pedagogical personalism, within which it can be possible to discuss the change of ideology of a fragmented individual of consumer society into the new perspective ideology of a holistic personality of the «knowledge society». Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the concepts of existential phenomenology and logotherapy, it is concluded in the paper that, within the framework of the existential version of pedagogical personalism in modern Russian pedagogy, it is possible to expand and supplement the technologies of mental activity and systemic approaches by the so-called «fifth dimension» - measuring the depth of the inner world of the person with such characteristics as uniqueness, subjectivity, sense-positioning, integrity in order to form a «multidimensional personality» capable of withstanding «the challenges» of contemporary man-made society and individualistic culture.

Introduction. Cultural integration affects the development of modern civilization. Within the framework of the global problems of politics, economy, social life and culture, there is an increasing interest in the preservation, revival of the architectural and historical heritage of the country. This requires constant identification of historical, cultural, value patterns and trends of their further development. This process is crucial in the education of the younger generation. Methodology and methods of the research. Our research is aimed at the implementation of the method of formation of value orientations of future designers, through the study of the architectural and historical heritage of the country. The methodological basis is the scientific works N. S. Zhdanova, O. M. Veremey, J. V. Sokolov, I. K. Beloyarskaya, G. I. Saganenko, A. V. Kiryakova, A. V. Ekaterinushkina, J. S. Antonenko and others. Historical-cultural and aesthetic dimension of the study focused on the works of V. A. Surovtsev, Yu. A. Chayka, L. G. Averkieva, Kh. E. Mamalova The results of the research. The authors emphasize the importance of the process of education of Patriotic and artistic and aesthetic values as the basis of the worldview of young people, especially when it comes to the recognition of civil identity, tolerance, preservation of historical traditions. One of the effective ways, according to the authors, is to involve students in the study of historical monuments of architecture. The developed method is aimed at the implementation of value-oriented activity approach, which is based on the research component that ensures the preservation, revival, reconstruction and modernization of existing buildings or lost monuments. Such training leads to the obvious identification of the theory and its connection with social practice, to the gradual formation of value orientations through acquaintance, understanding and acceptance of values as their own. The formation of value orientations can be carried out in the study of various architectural monuments: religious, Palace, public, residential, industrial, etc.when choosing an object of study, one of the main criteria is its historical significance or artistic merit. Over the years, several dozens of objects have been made with students, in this article the experience of the study of Pashkov House in Moscow is presented. Conclusion. The study conducted by the authors confirmed that architecture is a fertile research topic and an effective means of forming value orientations of students - future designers.

Introduction. One of the important characteristics of the domestic education system is close connection and conditionality of educational and upbringing tasks. This aspect, according to the author, is of particular importance in the Military engineering Institute, where the cadets are trained who, by definition, are the defenders of the Fatherland. Investigating the problems faced by teachers of humanitarian disciplines in the cadet environment, we aim to analyze the practice of teaching social and humanitarian disciplines, indicating that the effectiveness of the assimilation of material by students of technical universities is closely related to the process of upbringing. Methodology and methods of the research. The study is based on a dialectical method that allows identifying the relevant internal and external contradictions, as well as the specifics of the studied processes. On one hand, we discuss the formal-state approach to the problems of education and upbringing, and on the other, the social-Patriotic approach, which includes various methods. The results of the research. The author emphasizes that the result of upbringing cadets is a formed person, a patriot of his homeland. Attention is drawn to the leading methodological approaches that contribute to the understanding of the essence and goals of the process of education and upbringing of cadets. Attention is focused on the specifics of the entry of Russian humanitarian education into the modern world discourse, the author points out that a fundamental role in optimizing this process is played by the use of the achievements of Russian pedagogical thought and domestic educational traditions. Conclusion. In the process of forming a global educational space, it is necessary to preserve domestic education as a self-sufficient system. The effectiveness of such processes is directly related to the level of teaching humanities in the military engineering environment.