Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2019 number 4

The article studies the history of consumer society “Deyatel’” (1912-1918) in Tomsk based on the Charter, reports, protocols in the framework of the modernization concept considering cooperation as an exo-innovation factor of the modernization transition. The author marks the ideological influence of social democrats and social revolutionaries on its activity. “Deyatel” had the cooperative common characteristics that time: a lack of experience and control by the managers, a chronic shortage of working capital, commercial benefits’ pursuit, weak development of cultural activities. The paper considers them as consequences of the commodity and money market crisis, managerial errors and abuses. The cooperative experience of uniting the population to solve urgent life problems, forming a culture of social action is relevant in the light of modern theories of the participation economy.

The article devoted to the exposition of the Zay-Pandita Museum of KalmSC RAS, shows its originality in the iconic dominants of the nomads’ economic activity. The specificity of culture is represented by the soft felt part of the home as a result of human adaptation to the natural environment. The problem of exhibiting is solved in the information field of a symbolic model of the house, rich in artifacts of crafts and, in particular, felting. The exposition module of the museum of traditional culture was found in the spherical, wooden frame of the “Ishkger” trolley, which enclosed the time and space of the nomadic universe in the circle of being. The felt-wooden structure of the dwelling is reconcepttualized as the material context of the exposition, in which details and objects form an organic whole. The living sphere is likened to a natural panorama showcase in an open exhibit of the object environment. The species and complex completeness of the museum collections is presented in the historical and cultural approach and methodology of ethnocultural display of Kalmyk household items. The material is systematized according to the principle of sections uniting objects into “groups of cultural phenomena”: tools, clothes, household items, religious accessories made of wood, metal, fabric, felt and leather. The decoration of a dwelling, ornamental quilted decor of felt mats conceptually assembled in an interior ensemble is perceived as a universal code of ethnic culture.

The article considers social engineering activities, identifies the goal, object, subject and mechanism for their implementation. It shows that social engineering is a multidimensional activity aimed at maintaining and reproducing the integrity of systems or their purposeful transformation. The article presents the main areas of social engineering (social engineering research, design, organizational, technological and consultative management activities), and the corresponding professional qualifications (social analyst, social design specialist, social technologist and management consultant). The article reveals that in Russia there are no professional standards in this area, there are no (in their pure form) areas of vocational training, and therefore it is possible to introduce social engineering only regarding specializations and profiles in related vocational education areas. It is noted that the new federal state standards of higher education expand the boundaries of implementing social engineering in the educational process; the presented requirements for the formation of universal and general professional competencies correspond to the main areas of social engineering activity. The article establishes that the work on social projects as a specific type of interdisciplinary activity aimed at preventing, minimizing or completely resolving specific social problems, is an important element of training in the field of social engineering. It is also shown that the range of socially significant projects is quite wide: from scientific-educational to cultural-educational and charitable. It is proved that the ability to plan, organize and implement social projects is a necessary component of the vocational education of social analysts, designers, technologists and consultants. As an example, the article presents the results of the work on forming the social engineering model in the framework of educational profiles that are implemented at the Institute of Social Engineering at Federal State Budget Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology”.

The problem of forming digital literacy of society is considered through the created socio-cultural prerequisites for the implementation of digitalization programs in different countries. It is shown that the existing methods for the analysis of digital involvement allow fixing the existing "digital gap", but do not answer the question of ways to preserve human capital in peripheral regions. In particular, it is shown that the implementation of the "knowledge society" concept becomes a reality only for those countries whose management system has been coordinated at the state and regional levels, and has been able to implement the principles of openness and accessibility in the field of education and information technology. The implementation of these principles makes it possible to build a more flexible education system, which will create socio-cultural prerequisites for remote and less developed regions to solve the country's new tasks of creating universal digital literacy and neutralizing social problems caused by increasing digital inequality. The interdisciplinary research uses institutional, functional and socio-cultural approaches. The conclusions are illustrated by the results of quantitative assessment of the main parameters used to determine the level of digitalization of society.

The authors try to comprehend the features of promising areas of the processes of informatization and digital transformation of education as a complex phenomenon. Using the theoretical concepts of complexity created in Russian and foreign philosophical thought, the authors prove the need to develop integrative approaches to assessing the transformations that take place in the process of informational changes in the sphere of education. The comparative analysis of existing models of the «сomplex vision» of education in the process of its digital transformation and a critical review of its content revealed the advantages and disadvantages of using the principles of epistemology of complexity in the study of education. Education is a sphere of cognitive complication, where the development of creative and adaptive competencies necessary for successful implementation of activities in the conditions of the high-rate variability of the social environment takes place. Systematic update of the results and content of education, methods and organizational forms of academic work requires understanding of the complexity of this complicated process, since the changes in each of the components are interlinked, mutually complement and support each other. Orientation to the procedural rather than the substantial nature of the phenomena of the educational sphere should be ascribed to the advantages of the complexity approach to studying transformations of the educational sphere. Understanding the complexity of education involves addressing the organizational specifics of educational processes, the development of educational environment and pedagogical technologies. The study of the transformation of education as a complex phenomenon involves the organization of interdisciplinary interaction aimed at the synthesis and interaction of diverse forms of reflection and study of education, which involves the use of transdisciplinarity principles.

The authors of the study note that modern practitioners and theorists of education in pedagogy, psychology, cybernetics and other sciences state the productivity of the application of constructionist ideas and the development of constructionist education technologies. Constructivism pays special attention to the fact that the main goal of modern education (education in the post-postmodern era) is the development of increasingly challenging and complex forms of consciousness and activity. Constructivism also pays special attention to the formulation and resolution of problems of education and professional work within the framework of the truth essence concept, the role of time and space in its comprehension or creation in the dialogue of people and groups. The authors consider the main problems of constructivist interpretation of education, as well as the supports and possibilities of introducing a constructionist approach at the level of ideology, methodology and education technologies; they reveal the functions and ways of implementing the functions of training and education based on the concept of education “platform”. The aim of the work was the analysis of the features of the constructivist interpretation of education, the description by the constructivists of the leading functions and the main ways of carrying out the functions of training and education by teachers and instructors. The authors believe that the constructionist model of education, as well as approaches similar to it (interactive or intersubjective, problem or genetic, contextual or meta-disciplinary) can and should become the focus of attention of researchers, including in the context of systematic methodological, theoretical, empirical and applied research.

The article considers and compares two cognitive constructs - "converted forms" and "inverse relations" - in relation to educational activity. Inversions are understood as a form of relations in hierarchical systems, in which the lowest hierarchical element acquires a dominant value, while remaining at the same time in the same subordinate position. Previously converted forms were treated as a result of some accomplished transformation. In this study, the converted forms are presented as a result of inversion. There are many examples where the relationship between the concepts of "transformed forms" and "inversions" can be demonstrated. In a converted form it is possible to recognize, as a rule, the initial form existing before the transformation. Of particular importance are transformed forms in education. Thus, in many cases, there are transformed forms of educational activity, both on the part of students and teachers. For example, cramming becomes the converted form of educational activity on the part of students. It appears as a result of inversion, when the results of pedagogical control are put first in academic activity. With this inversion, the learning process is sacrificed to control. Training is not for future professional activities, but for the exam. Educational activity gets transformed in the case when emotions caused by the learning process, but not achieving the goal, come to the fore in the student’s activity The result is academic procrastination. Here educational activity (or any other purposeful activity) also acquires its converted form, namely pastime. Finally, the transformed form of educational activity is generated by the inversion of goals on the part of controlling authorities. As a result, the activity of the teacher is not to prepare students, but to meet the requirements for the accreditation of educational institutions.

The directions and prospects for the development of managerial work and the roles of managers during the change of the fifth technological paradigm to the sixth one, expected in the 2020s, and during the beginning of the development of the sixth technological paradigm, expected in the 2030s, are analyzed. Based on expert assessments, the dynamics of managerial roles allocated by Henry Mintzberg was evaluated, including the roles of: manager, figurehead, leader, liaison, information receiver, information distributor, representative, entrepreneur, conflict and problem tamer, resource distributor, negotiator. The general forecast of the expected dynamics of interpersonal management roles, information management roles and management roles associated with decision-making expected in the 2020-2030s is presented. The forecast was made on the basis of the consideration of objective laws of changes in management concepts associated with the small (10-year) cycles of economic activity by K. Zhuglyar within the framework of large (50-year) cycles of economic activity by Kondratiev, focusing on the concept of the combinatorial approach to management, expected to be dominating in the 2020s, and on the management concept based on the use of human capital, expected as the basis for the economy of the 2030s. It is shown that the actualization of the majority of the roles of managers allocated according to G. Mintzbeng's classification, is expected during the global economic crisis of the 2020s. It is predicted that in the 2020s during the period of the global economic crisis, the following managerial roles in the organization will be most demanded (according to G. Mintzberg): the role of liaison, the role of information receiver and the role of conflict and problem tamer. It is also predicted that in the 2030s, during the period of the beginning of economic activity growth within the framework of the sixth technological order, the most demanded managerial roles in the organization (according to G. Mintzberg) will be: the role of a leader, the role of information disseminator and the role of entrepreneur.

The study is devoted to the role of self-determination of personality in online education, which is relevant due to the availability of digital technologies, as well as the growing demand for distance e-learning. Online education is a popular way of spreading knowledge by leading universities around the world. Technological awareness, motivation and students’ personal choice are prerequisites for the successful implementation of e-learning. In order to promote the effectiveness of e-learning systems, the authors offer several recommendations of relevance to researchers and practitioners. The authors raise questions about how to integrate self-determination theory, which postulates the interconnection between motivation and a person's need for autonomy, into the structure of online courses. The authors note: motivation to learn can lead to many academic and socio-emotional improvements among students. In order to understand how student’s involvement is applied in distance education, you must first determine how online learners interpret involvement for themselves. In this qualitative study, twenty-eight graduate students were interviewed, which allowed the authors to get the students’ own idea about the participation in online courses required for distance education programs. Using the constructivist approach, the authors revealed how online learners determine their own participation in the online learning environment. With the help of the conducted research, it was found that graduate students define themselves in online courses through final works, communication with the teacher and fellow students. In addition, online learners mainly note the following stimulating factors in online courses: video lectures and discussion platforms. The study also identified certain motivations and a problem associated with online learning, which is determined by the reluctance of graduate students to be involved in online learning. The experience shared by graduate students leads the authors to the conclusion that effective teaching of online students requires interactive cooperation, taking into account the graduate students' own ideas about the involvement processes. The results of this study provide an opportunity to develop resources to improve web design and communication with online students on virtual learning platforms. The findings can be applied across disciplines to introduce practices that aim to increase student engagement and satisfaction in online educational programs.

Introduction. The socio-philosophical and philosophical-legal analysis of the processes of law components exchange (legal norms, articles, principles, parts of legislation, legal ideology, etc.) between legal systems (legal spheres) of different countries has shown that this exchange takes place both in history and modernity. Its comprehension first of all began in Western law, starting from the Middle Ages. The assimilation of law components by some countries from other countries is called the legal reception. Historically, from the Middle Ages to the present day, the reception of Roman law componets by European states has been the first and most widespread. But in the XX and especially at the beginning of the XXI centuries (in the era of globalization), the reception of the components of law in the system of interactions of simultaneously existing states, as well as the interactions of countries and the international legal environment, developed significantly. In this case, it became necessary to study the legal mechanisms and patterns of legal interchange of the law components on an international interaction scale, in the era of globalization. The purposes of the article are: to consider some patterns of interactions between legal systems of different countries and other legal entities, in the context of globalization (including legal receptions) from the standpoint of social philosophy; to identify the necessary categorical apparatus, to show the significance of introducing the results into professional legal (law) education. Methodology and research methods: dialectical and system-philosophical approaches, methods of legal comparative studies, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, integration of the results. Results. There have been investigated the interstate processes of legal systems components interchange which lead to carrying out the reception of law by some countries and donation of legal components from other countries and legal entities. This type of diverse supranational legal relations is designated and investigated in the article as the dialectic of the processes of legal receptivity and legal donation. Legal entities, participants in these processes, are designated as legal recipients and legal donors. The historically formed stages of legal receptivity are defined: in time parameters from the past to the present; in the time parameters of the present. Different types of classifications of legal receptions have been grouped (ten such types have been identified). The process of legal donation from leading countries and from international law has also been investigated; its main forms are defined as friendly, aggressive-aggressive, manipulative and competitive legal donation. It is shown that countries - non-independent legal recipients - are in the most dependent position. The specifics of legal reception - donation processes in modern Russian constitutionalism and in Russian law as a whole have been identified. Conclusion. The relevance of including the main laws of legal receptivity and legal donation as separate topics in professional legal education in the era of globalization is substantiated.

The article deals with the features and capabilities of the humanitarian disciplines as the tool for the formation of students' professional independence. The socio-philosophical and psychological-pedagogical aspects of professional independence of students of non-humanitarian universities are studied. The problem of the formation of educational and professional independence of students is presented at the theoretical and practical level. The research methodology is based on active and interactive elements and forms and a competence-activity approach. The authors refer to the study of S.I. Morozova on the nature, structure, levels of formation of educational and professional independence (EPI) of university students. EPI is an integral quality of a student’s personality, characterized by the ability to organize educational and professional activities aimed at mastering future profession and general cultural competencies on their own. It is considered that qualitative formation of the general cultural competencies among students of non-humanitarian universities, i.d. the ability to independently acquire knowledge, skills, the need for self-education is possible through humanitarian disciplines, organized self-educational activities of the students. Self-educational activity is an activity means student focused on improving his/her professional competencies and personality as well. The main parameters of self-educational activities are an independent search for materials, critical thinking, vision of the problem and its solving, and the ability to self-develop. Independent student’s work is considered to be a means of forming student’s interest in continuous self-education. In the article independent work is interpreted as one of the types of the learning process and one of the forms of its organization, aimed at the formation of educational and professional independence of students and contributing to the formation of a creative self-thinking person, ready for further professional activity and continuous self-education. The authors describe the experience of using interactive and active methods and forms of forming the educational and professional independence of students of non-humanitarian universities on the example of historical and philosophical disciplines.

The article considers new methods of work with educational certificates and, accordingly, the approaches to implementation of information technologies in the system of further education for the category of employees approaching the retirement age and having the need to continue full-time work both in the workplace and in new directions, in accordance with the grant support from the employment service with the appropriate set of job functions that are associated with working with large information data sets, as well as the ability to process information in digital projects. The main directions were defined for developing interaction between employment centers, educational organizations, pre-retirement employees working in enterprises of different ownership forms, given the requirements for current professionals in these industries in accordance with the job requirements in clusters, the introduction of occupational standards and Worldskills standards, and the continuation of the work of this category of persons with the use of information databases in their further labour activity . The process and technology of registration and issuance of educational certificates, as well as registration of the pre-retired for training in educational institutions for additional education programs is based on the formed requirements for their further work at enterprises of various forms of ownership, and their current work activities and the motivation of people approaching the retirement age for further professional education, in connection with labour activity prolongation, aimed both at strengthening social protection of this category of persons in the labour market, and at their mastering new competencies of digital elements and technologies application.

The article is devoted to the category of citizenship as a high level of social, political, moral maturity of a person. Socialization of the younger generations in the educational process, mainly in the course of history, develops the quality of citizenship among young people. However, for various reasons, the degradation of civilian qualities may subsequently occur. Emphasis is placed on the likelihood of civilian de-socialization. The emergence of group exclusivity among the establishment is due to the deformation of their civic dignity considered as a set of social and moral qualities and values. The history is rich in examples of civic de-socialization, which the history teacher honestly demonstrates to students. The emphasis is placed on the pattern of alienation of the ruling elite due to the decrease in the civic maturity of its members, the understanding of which is one of the results of the historical consciousness of young people.

In recent years, the problem of the development of the Arctic territories throughout the world has received very close attention, which is associated with their enormous potential that has not been sufficiently studied and developed so far. When studying the Arctic, a systematic approach should be used, considering a lot aspects of the effective functioning of the northern territories taken as a whole. When training personnel capable of working in the harsh northern conditions, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of work in the Arctic zone. It is necessary to develop new educational programs that are in demand by employers with a list of disciplines that form the professional competencies necessary for working in the extreme conditions of the Arctic. The purpose of the article is to show which specialists are required today to solve the priority tasks of the development of the Sakha Republic’s (Yakutia) northern and Arctic territories. While studying materials on the topic of the article, a combination of theories of the systemic and activity approaches to training personnel for work in the Arctic conditions was used. In addition to analyzing, comparing and summarizing the content of foreign and Russian scientific and informational sources relevant to the stated problem, organizational (comparative and complex), empirical (expert assessments, process analysis), qualitative data processing research methods were used to systematize the data. Theoretical analysis of the scientific, popular science, educational literature on the research topic was conducted; as well as analysis of educational and methodological documentation (curricula, basic professional educational programs, work programs of disciplines) and regulatory documents (federal state educational standard, professional standards, sample basic educational programs, instructional letters of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, etc.). The main features of the functioning of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation are considered. The priority tasks needed for the development of sectoral branches of the economy and social sphere in the Arctic territories of Russia have been identified. A list of graduates’ professional competencies that must be formed to work effectively in the harsh Arctic conditions was defined. The developed list of new master's programs and individual modules of disciplines that take into account the specifics of work in the Arctic, can be offered to other institutions of higher education for joint training of specialists.

Problem and purpose. The article reveals the problem of understanding the essence of the concept of «officer’s corporate culture» by cadets of the Russian Guards military institutions as a component of professional tasks effectiveness. We point out that the formation of corporate culture among cadets of the Russian Guards military institutions in the process of training in modern conditions is of particular topicality. The topicality is due to the fact that in difficult international relations the effectiveness of the performance of the Russian Guards’ units’ service and missions under the conditions of the permanently changing nature of wars, the expanding influence of terrorist and extremist threats within the country, directly depends on the existence of a unified system of adopting corporate goals, values and relations. We ascertain the fact that the high level of the corporate culture of the officer, who is a carrier of professional goals, values and relations, allows us to optimally consolidate the efforts of the Russian Guards structural divisions and effectively fulfill the assigned combat missions. Nevertheless, despite the relevance of the presented problem, insufficient attention is paid to the formation of the officer’s corporate culture in the process of training at the Russian Guards institutions. The random application of forms, methods and tools, as well as their diversity, erodes the systematic picture of corporate culture formation, which subsequently affects the effectiveness of the performance of service and combat missions. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the study. The research was based on the methodology of unfinished proposals which allows us to determine on the basis of 4 questions, to which extent the cadets understand the essence of the officer’s corporate culture and its significance in the process of performing combat missions. On the basis of the study, it was possible to determine the conditions, forms, methods and means whose implementation as a whole and in conjunction will make it possible to solve the pedagogical task of understanding the essence of the concept of «officer’s corporate culture» by cadets.

Tasks of the article. The two collided systems of values - the traditional one, characterized by well-established, unshakable norms of life and values, which are the safe conduct of the state, and the liberal one, characterized by pragmatism, technocracy, individualism in close combination with egoism, changed the spiritual and psychological climate of society and the content of the inner life of a person, including the soldier. As a result, at present, there is a clear tendency towards the value reorientation and the formation of the most important professional and axiological qualities of the cadet, which correspond to the “new look” of the officer of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the research consists of the main scientific statements about the essence and theory of the value basis. Methods used in the research include the method of scientific literature analysis on the research problem, the method of comparative analysis and generalization of the experience of education of values among citizens, which made it possible to trace the tendencies of the formation of the most important professional and value qualities of the cadet, which correspond to the “new look” of the officer of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. Results and prospects of research. The article analyzes the following concepts: values, spiritual and moral values. The authors list the false values imposed by the West and suggest the ways of influencing the formation of professional and axiological qualities among the cadets of the national defense forces of the Russian Federation National Guard. Identified by the authors, the forms that contribute to the formation of professional and value qualities of cadets can be applied by teachers of military educational organizations, commanders (chiefs), contributing to the increase in the effectiveness of educational activities on the formation of a harmoniously developed, socially active personality, with deep and stable universal human moral values and patriotism.

The article is devoted to the regional aspect of the topical problem of modelling in modern agricultural education. We have identified the problems of human resourcing in agriculture in the Tomsk region and imperfections of the regional educational system in the agribusiness industry based on analysis of professional labor market and professional status in the current agricultural education system. We have concluded that there is a necessity of forming a new, efficient model of agricultural education. The authors have defined and formulated the requirements for the agricultural education system in the Tomsk region. The authors proposed to form in the Tomsk region a new model of agricultural education - a single educational space (cluster) with the coordinating and controlling function with the Industry Council of quality of professional education in agriculture. The proposed model will eliminate the currently existing contradictions between educational elements by establishing the relationships network.

The article discusses the mechanism of establishing the space of psychological trust in societies of various sizes and its potential in the context of the task of organizing economic cooperation both between residents of one village, and humanity as a whole. Many socio-political disasters in different regions of the world are economically motivated, which in turn is closely related to the development of social relations and ties in modern society. The methodological individualism and rational economic behavior lead to the growth of socio-economic inequality and tension in the world. There is an increase in the share of marginalized members and entire sections of society, and some states, striving at an intuitive level to change the existing world order in their favor. The Japanese concept «One village - one product» from the practice of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an illustrative example of a conflict-free resolution of the socio-economic inequality issue and, in general, inclusive development of problem regions in a single highly integrated economic system. But the practice of implementing the concept in many parts of the world is such that it is mistakenly perceived in terms of economics and administrative practices, while the developers insist that it is more psychology, sociology and philosophy.

The article raises the problem of the relationship of self-esteem with the effectiveness of the educational activities of university students. The influence of external and internal factors on the effectiveness of educational activities of students is considered. As factors external to the psychological structure of educational activity, such factors as the system of educational activity, the educational environment, teaching methods for academic subjects, a multifunctional didactic system of requirements for a school textbook, and a pedagogical style are analyanalyzed. The level and quality of development of cognitive abilities, learning ability, cognitive styles, self-esteem are the internal factors affecting the formation of educational activities.. The results of an empirical study on the relationship with the self-assessment of educational activities are presented. The methodological basis of the study is the personality-activity approach of L.S. Vygotsky, S.L. Rubinstein, A.N. Leontiev; theory of educational activity V.V. Davydova, D.B. Elkonin; the concept of mental regulation of activity developed in the research of B.G. Ananiev, A.K. Markova, D.A. Leontyev, A. Bandury, L.I. Bozhovich et al. The study applied methods for assessing the level of formation of educational activity (G.V. Repkina, E.V. Zaika), which relies on approaches to assessing the level of formation of educational activity, generalized in the work of A.G. Asmolova and the methodology for diagnosing self-esteem (Dembo-Rubinstein modified by A.M. Parishioners). As a result of an empirical study, various structures of the relationship between self-esteem and the effectiveness of educational activities for groups of students with high and low academic performance were obtained. Self-esteem among students with a high level of achievement correlates with such blocks of educational activity as motivational, goal-setting, and construction of educational activity. Self-esteem among students with a low level of achievement correlates with such blocks of educational activity as goal-setting, construction of educational activity, and control and evaluation.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate professional psychological tests in the diagnostics of a normal personality. This particular method is important for vocational education. The essence of such verification originated in ancient times and has undergone a number of radical improvements. Currently, there are hundreds of professional psychological tests that, together with the perception of a person, provide a psychologist with a reasonably reliable means for diagnosing a normal personality. Diagnostics of an abnormal personality has distinctive features that are significant for a clinical psychologist and psychiatrist. The content of the article reveals the history of the origin and application of battery tests in various fields of human activity. Virtually, foreign tests can reveal all the psychological qualities, properties and states of the individual. The interesting facts of the creation and development of professional tests in our country are given. Some Soviet and Russian developers had to overcome the biased attitude of bureaucratic structures to the method of psycho-diagnostics. Over time, everything fell into place. Russian professional psychologists have contributed to the development of professional psychological tests of the individual, group, team. Diagnostics in aviation and space psychology, as well as in managerial psychology formed separate branches. Tests of various personality structures, their character and abilities were created taking into account the concepts of researchers. Psycho-diagnostics can be used to form a workable team, establish social and psychological relationships, both horizontally and vertically. The article lifts the veil on the adequacy of the abilities and capabilities of the individual in the choice of profession. Sometimes low or high self-esteem of a person greatly influences their successful implementation in life and professional activity. At the level of society, this brings a certain discomfort and tension. Especially if a person made a mistake in choosing a profession and is out of place.

The article deals with the issue of maintaining the stress resistance of operators in the performance of official activities in conditions of immediate danger. This article highlights the stages of psychological research on the development of operators’ resistance to stress, reflects the features of the organization and conduct of psychological support of persons performing combat missions. The purpose of psychological support was to normalize the level of neuropsychological stability of the subjects and stabilize the psycho-emotional state. The main objective of the study is to identify the personal qualities of the subjects and the development of their skills of stress resistance in the conditions of official activity. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of development, system, subjectivity, the provisions of the activity approach, cultural and historical concept, personal approach. The study involved 27 respondents. The peculiarity of the sample is that the subjects were engaged in operator activities in the Novosibirsk region. The methods «MPQ Adaptability» by A. G. Maklakova, S. V. Chermenina and «P-profile» by G. Eysenck were used to measure the stress resistance dynamics development of the individual operators. Thus, the results of empirical research «before» and «after» the psychological support of operators were obtained. The characteristic personal qualities for the development of operators’ stress resistance skills in the conditions of immediate danger were revealed. It is important for people engaged in operator’s activities to develop such indicators of stress resistance as improving performance under the influence of various (light, thermal, etc.) stimuli, increasing moral interest in work, the formation of conscious discipline, improving physical and psychological preparedness for stressful situations, rational organization of work and rest regimes, observance of measures of personal and public hygiene, optimization of interaction with equipment by improving professional skills, etc.

The article discusses the phenomena of ethno-identity and ethno-tolerance as universal inherencies of consciousness and behavior in their inter-relationship. Of scientific interest is the problem of ethno-identity in the context of the Tuvinian ethno-genesis, taking into account the specifics of their archaization and archetypal understanding of the world, peculiarities of mentality and the influence of the sought-for phenomenon on the subjective significance. The results of the study deepen the understanding of the studied phenomena, allowing one to summarize and systematize the data, determining the significance of the work. Our monographic study in Tuva on the sample of 997 people, conducted in 1998-2001, singled out the peculiarities of the formation of Tuva’s ethnic identity. There were identified 24% (Kyzyl) and 19.8 (Kyzyl kozhuun) of individuals with hyper-ethnic self-awareness. The subsequent monitoring of the ethno-confessional situation revealed an increase in ethnic tension. For this reason, during 2018-2019 an additional study was conducted on the sample of 370 respondents of the titular ethnic group. Its goal was to determine the tendency of forming the ethno-identity of the title ethnos over the past 15 years. The methodology included the systematic approach to establishing the Tuva’s ethno-identity through the structural components. We used general scientific, ethno-psychological and psychoanalytic methods, methods of “Types of Ethnic Identity”, “Ethnic Affiliation” (G. U. Soldatova and S. V. Ryzhova) and a memo for volunteers were. The venue was two ethno-contact regions (Kyzyl and Kyzyl kozhuun) of Russian and Tuvinian residence. The results of the empirical study showed that there was a decrease from 76% to 32% in the number of individuals with ethnic identity in the norm Two groups of recipients were allocated, whose self-awareness takes course in the form of ethnocentrism (28%) and ethno-isolationism (24%), which may determine the discourse of ethnic behavior in the future. The interrelation of the Tuvinians’ ethno-identity and their level of tolerance caused the need to develop a strategy for the formation of the latter. To this end, the authoritarian and dialogical strategies have been proposed. In the future, it is planned to develop ethno-confessional consciousness of Tuvinians.

The aim of the study was to study ethnocultural factors that can contribute to the formation of alcohol dependence, and at the same time serve as reference points in the development of prevention programs. The inefficiency of the primary alcoholism prevention system in the Republic of Tuva is ascertained, which leads to an increase in the incidence of alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses. The capabilities of existing diagnostic and preventive measures are considered unsatisfactory. The research methodology was V.S. Vygotsky, who explains the existing problems with unsatisfactory social interactions. The provocative factors of alcoholization are the emotional characteristics of Tuvans and the specifics of their emotional response, which were optimal in the conditions of life within the steppe civilization, but in the post-modern world impede psychosocial adaptation. The article substantiates the culturally-related alexithymia associated with the predominant right hemisphere of the Tuvans, which complicates the communicative process, reduces psychological stability, and contributes to the appearance of anxiety, which generally provokes alcoholic motivations. The state of spiritual and psychosocial maladaptation is easily stopped by alcohol intake. The backbone of alcoholism can be considered an unconscious desire to get into the zone of personal comfort. Tuvinians are incompetent with respect to some national traditions, including the original rules for drinking alcohol. Particular emphasis is placed on reducing the widespread use of Tuvan throat singing, which has a harmonizing effect. Experimental data on the influence of khoomei on the psychoemotional state of Tuvans are presented. As part of the analysis, the possible directions of preventive measures are indicated. The main target of prevention of alcohol consumption among Tuvans is the formation of awareness.

The article provides a brief analysis of the approaches in ethnic psychology to identify the psychological appearance of an ethnos. From the theoretical point of view, the structure of the psychological appearance of an ethnos is a fundamental problem and is considered as a macro-system (poly-system) consisting of 3 levels (subsystems): upper - value (value orientations), medium - level of relations and lower - level of manifestation of mental processes, states and properties. One can consider the fourth level - psycho-physiological. It involves the study of the processes and states of a person: his perceptions, thinking, memory, emotions, etc. The traditional belief of Tuvinians, in particular, shamanism as a determinant, is a necessary condition for the development of the psyche of an ethnos. It manifests the diversity of the conditions of the ethnos being, its contacts with other people, the combination of moral, religious and other ethnic features.

Introduction. The model of «entrepreneurial University» as a direction of transformation of educational institutions of higher education in the Russian Federation at the present stage is considered. Methodology and methods of the research. Theoretical approaches to understanding the essence and main characteristics of «entrepreneurial universities» offered by foreign and Russian scientists are analyzed. The focus of the study is on the problems of adaptation of foreign experience to the conditions of the Russian education system. The problem is considered through the prism of the theory of the «third mission» of universities related to the active role of universities in society. The results of the research. An overview of the main theoretical approaches to the essence of entrepreneurial universities, the features of their functioning is given. The foreign and Russian experience of creation of universities of entrepreneurial type, the received effects and the achieved results are considered. Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the factors that determine the choice of the University model of «entrepreneurial University» as a reference point of transformation. These include the presence of innovative and economic potential in the region of its location, the interest of authorities, business and production in cooperation with the University, the willingness of the staff and management of the University to new approaches to activities, based on the principles of the entrepreneurial University. The challenges to the development of «entrepreneurial universities» in our country are highlighted: the lack of experience of such activities in groups and administration of universities, the mutual unwillingness to cooperation of universities and business framework of the existing system of management and financing of universities. Ways to overcome these limitations are suggested.

The literature review, according to recent publications, systematizes modern ideas about new biochemical markers of bronchopulmonary pathology, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Information on potential biochemical markers associated with pathology of the bronchopulmonary system is presented: pulmonary activation regulated chemokine (chemokine ligand CCL20), surfactant proteins A and D, pentraxin-3, defensins, alpha-1 antitrypsin, Clara cell protein, interleukin-19, resistin-like molecules. For each biomolecule, its characteristic, biological properties and effects are described, as well as the results of experimental and clinical studies of its effects in bronchopulmonary pathology, the association of elevated blood levels of a biomolecule with clinical manifestations of diseases. It is concluded that today there are a considerable number of new potential biomarkers of the respiratory system diseases for early and effective diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, however, the effects of some of them are either insufficiently studied or contradictory and require further research, which is actively ongoing in the whole world and in Russia.

For the treatment of bipolar affective disorders, lithium preparations are the most famous and effective. But the main problem with the use of lithium preparations is the narrow «therapeutic corridor». An urgent task is the creation of dosage forms of lithium with a slow release and a wide therapeutic range. The study object was a new normotymic drug based on lithium, aluminum oxide and polymethylsiloxane. Due to the new carrier matrix lithium is released from its porous structure gradually providing a prolonged effect and maintaining an optimal concentration in the blood which also helps to minimize side effects. The purpose of the study was to explore the pharmacokinetic parameters of a normotymic drug based on a complex lithium citrate, aluminum oxide and polymethylsiloxane (LOAP). Material and methods: for the assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma and two-chamber modeling were used. Results and discussion. The pharmacokinetic data showed a linear nature of pharmacokinetics of the drug based on LOAP as the foundation of data of the lithium’s amount in the blood plasma of rabbits after intragastric administration at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. The drug with intragastric administration at a dose of 800 mg/kg is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with bioavailability (F) 74 %. This dose shows the maximum increase of the area under the pharmacokinetic curve (AUC - 32787.1 (ng × h)/ml), and indicators of elimination constant (K_el - 0.062 h^-1), clearance (Сl - 0.09 l/(kg × h)), elimination half-life (T_1/2β - 11.436 h) in comparison with other doses remain unchanged.

The research aim was to study the dynamics of biogenic amines in the brain, tumor and intact skin of urokinase (uPA) gene knockout mice on day 21 of the B16/F10 melanoma growth. Material and methods. The study included male and female uPA gene knockout (-uPA, n = 38) and wild type mice (+uPA, n = 61). Melanoma was transplanted subcutaneously. Levels of biogenic amines were studied by ELISA in tissues obtained on day 21 of carcinogenesis. Results and discussion. Intact (-uPA) mice showed an increased total content of biogenic amines: in the skin - due to noradrenaline increase by 4.8 times in males and by 4.9 times in females, histamine - by 3.6 times in males and by 1.6 times ( p < 0.05) in females, serotonin - by 3.4 times in males and by 8.3 times in females; in the brain - due to noradrenaline increase by 3.5 times in males and by 3.2 times in females, dopamine by 2.1 times in males and by 2.9 times in females, while histamine content decreased. Melanoma development in (-uPA) mice was characterized by: lower levels of adrenaline with high NA concentrations and an increase in the serotonin metabolism in the brain; higher histamine concentrations in the tumor and higher serotonin levels in the skin; similar to (+uPA) mice levels of adrenaline (males) and noradrenaline in the tumor and higher levels of adrenaline in the tumor and histamine in the skin in (-uPA) females. Conclusions. The uPA gene knockout limits the development of stress at the central regulatory level due to lower levels of A together with increasing serotoninergic mediation in the brain, as well as modulates the immune antitumor response due to higher levels of histamine in the tumor and 5 serotonin in the skin, as a result of lower monoamine oxidase activity, in mice with B16/F10 melanoma.

The paper deals with the functions of the main classes of blood plasma lipoproteins (LP) that are associated with the transport of cholesterol esters included in their composition. The aim of the study was to investigate the features of the uptake of cholesterol esters associated with plasma LP fractions (very low (VLDL), low (LDL), and high density LPs (HDL)) by rat organs and tissues, and to show the participation of various subfractions of HDL (HDL₂ and HDL₃) as specific cholesterol carriers in the main steroid-producing organs of rats. Material and methods. The in vivo studies with intravenous LP injection of ¹⁴C labeled cholesterol oleate (¹⁴C-OCh) associated with plasma LP fractions have been carried out. Results. Intravenous injection of a ¹⁴C-OCh) in the composition with VLDL led to the maximal mark uptake by the liver. Three times less uptake of labeled cholesterol was observed in the adrenal glands, testes and heart muscle. In other tissues radioactivity gradually decreased in the raw: spleen > lungs > kidneys > thyroid gland and adipose tissue. After the injection of ¹⁴C-OCh in the composition of LDL marked predominant uptake of the label by the adrenal glands, testes, and liver. A feature of the use of HDL as a carrier platform for ¹⁴C-OCh is the high accumulation of label in steroid-producing organs: the adrenal glands and testis. The dynamics of uptake of ¹⁴C-OCh in the composition of HDL by the adrenal glands and testes of rats in different time intervals after injection (30 min, 3, 6 and 12 h) was studied. Adrenal cells actively uptake ¹⁴C-OCh from HDL, as a result of which the radioactivity of the tissue increased rapidly and after 30 minutes almost reached its maximum. In contrast to the adrenal glands uptake of the testis was characterized by a gradual increase in radioactivity with a maximum of 6 hours and a rather sharp decrease to 12 hours from the beginning of the experiment. In vitro experiments showed the differences in the effect of HDL₂ and HDL₃ on the corticosterone production by the adrenal glands of rats. Conclusions. The paper presents the features of uptake of cholesterol esters by organs and tissues of rats depending on the used LP-transporter (VLDL, LDL, HDL). In addition, the results suggest that HDL₃ subfraction may be the more preferred source of cholesterol for steroid synthesis in the adrenal cortex of rats compared to HDL₂ subfraction.

The aim of this work was to design and study biological properties of the recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), «linked» to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) by a peptide linker, for obtaining in perspective a prolong form of the drug based on this cytokine. Material and methods. The nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding G-CSF and apoA-I were designed and optimized for expression in Pichia pastoris yeast using several computer programs. The assembly of the gene coding for the G-CSF-аpoA-I chimeric cytokine, its cloning in the pPICZα-A vector, and expression in P. pastoris cells were performed using standard genetic engineering methods. Purification of the chimeric cytokine was carried out by two-stage ion-exchange chromatography. The biological activity of the chimera was determined in vitro on rat and human bone marrow cells (BMC) using flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis and myelograms. Results. A recombinant P. pastoris X-33 yeast strain producing a chimeric cytokine containing the amino acid sequence G-CSF from the N-terminus, and mature human apoA-I from the C-terminus was constructed. In experiments on BMC of rat, it was shown that G-CSF-аpoA-I increases the number of granulocytes in 1.8-2 times less compared with G-CSF. At the same time, the chimeric cytokine maintained the viability of monocytic and lymphocytic cells. Unlike G-CSF, the chimera increased the number of blast cells and normalized neutrophil segmentation, reducing the number of anomalies 1.5 times more efficiently. Conclusion. A new chimeric cytokine G-CSF-аpoA-I was constructed, exhibiting the properties of not only a colony-stimulating factor, but also a growth factor, supporting the viability of other types of BMC.

Aim of the study was to compare the distinct types of progressive hematoxylin stains and to optimize the protocols of hematoxylin and eosin staining of blood vessels, heart, liver and spleen. Material and methods. Heart (ventricles), abdominal aorta, liver (right lobe) and spleen (left part) of the Wistar rats were excised, fixed in 10% neutral phosphate buffered formalin for 24 h, washed in tap water for 2 h, dehydrated in ascending ethanol series (70 %, 80 %, and 95 %) and isopropanol, embedded into paraffin and then sectioned (5 μm) using rotary microtome. Staining was performed using Mayer’s, Gill’s, or Carazzi’s hematoxylin during 2, 5, or 15 minutes and 1 % alcoholic/aqueous eosin for 2 minutes without differentiative solution. Results were assessed by three independent histologists. Results. All examined progressive hematoxylin stains had their distinctive features. Mayer’s hematoxylin demonstrated the most intensive nuclear staining; however, staining for 15 minutes could lead to the bluing of cytoplasm and extracellular matrix. In contrast, Gill’s hematoxylin was characterized by less intensive nuclear staining and achieved clear blue-violet shade only after 15 minutes of staining. Carazzi’s hematoxylin showed balanced coloration of nuclei and cytoplasm/extracellular matrix and did not change the red/pink shades of eosin, yet the intensity of nuclear staining was less as compared to Mayer’s hematoxylin. Short-term (2 minutes) staining was insufficient to reach intensive nuclear staining. Conclusion. The optimal hematoxylin and eosin staining protocol is to use eosin for 2 minutes following staining by Carazzi’s hematoxylin for 15 minutes (for aorta), Carazzi’s or Gill’s hematoxylin for 15 minutes or Mayer’s hematoxylin for 5 minutes (for liver), Carazzi’s or Gill’s hematoxylin for 15 minutes (for heart), and Carazzi’s hematoxylin for 5 minutes (for spleen).

Co-occurrence of cardiovascular diseases is significantly common among patients with bronchial asthma. Genetic factors can have a significant effect on the development of hypertension in patients with asthma. Objective of the study was to investigate the associations of polymorphic variants relating to quantitative changes in the expression profile (eQTL) of the CAT , TLR4 , and IL10 genes with the development of bronchial asthma co-morbid with arterial hypertension. Material and methods. Genotyping of 48 eQTL SNPs of the CAT, TLR4 , and IL10 genes was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in patients with «isolated» asthma ( n = 145) and arterial hypertension ( n = 144) and their combination ( n = 146), as well as in the control group of healthy individuals ( n = 152). Using logistic regression, an analysis of the associations of haplotypes with the studied diseases was carried out. Results. An association of bronchial asthma in combination with arterial hypertension with haplotypes formed by eQTL SNPs of the CAT and TLR4 genes was established. The spectrum of haplotypes associated with comorbidity of asthma and hypertension differs from the haplotypes associated with “isolated” asthma. Conclusion. The molecular base of asthma and hypertension comorbidity can be associated with variants that control the expression of TLR4 and CAT genes.

The purpose of our study was to improve the quality of life of patients after surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Material and methods. Voice rehabilitation outcomes in 50 patients with stage II-III oral and oropharyngeal cancer were studied. All patients underwent resection of ½ of the tongue. The patients were aged between 33 and 70 years, 70 % of them were up to 60 years. All patients received combined modality treatment and postoperative voice rehabilitation in Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center of RAS. The technique of voice rehabilitation included breathing exercises, articulation gymnastics for the muscles of the cheeks, lips, tongue, lower jaw and correction of disturbances in sound pronunciation. A speech function was assessed before and after rehabilitation using speech material that contained a text with semantic load, individual words, syllables and a meaningless set of sounds. Results and discussion. In the postoperative period, all patients experienced a sharp restriction of the mobility of the stump of the tongue, very low speech intelligibility, violation of the pronunciation of sounds, complete or partial absence of intonation pattern, and slowdown in the rate of speech. Postoperative voice rehabilitation aimed at increasing the mobility of tongue stump and correcting sound pronunciation made it possible to improve speech function in the period from 5 to 30 days (median 22.1) by restoring the pronunciation of the velar sounds [K, G] in 78-94 % of cases, alveolar sounds [T, D] in 74-80 %, and whistling sound [C] in 56 % of cases. Based on the study, the authors conclude that speech rehabilitation is required for all patients, who underwent surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer, taking into account the extent of surgery and individual characteristics of the patients.

The purpose of the study is to assess the contribution of senile asthenia level to hemorrhagic complications quantity in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Material and methods. Elderly patients ≥75 y.o. with AF taking dabigatran, apixaban or rivaroxaban in full or reduced dosages and without special features of bleeding (such as double and triple antithrombotic therapy) were included in the study. If a patient was under anticoagulants before the study (but not earlier than one became 75 y.o.), this experience was also analyzed. All bleedings during the first 18 months of anticoagulating were taken in mind. Patients in different DOAC groups were comparable in age and concomitant pathology. The «fragility» index was evaluated at the stage of inclusion in the study; an adapted Rockwood scale was used. Results and discussion. 102 patients with AF ≥75 y.o. taking dabigatran, apixaban or rivaroxaban in dosages corresponding to the instructions were included in the study. During the analyzed period, 19 small clinically significant hemorrhagic events that did not require hospitalization or cancellation of DOAC were recorded. Patients with and without bleeding in anamnesis were significantly differed only by «fragility» index score ( р = 0,001). The differences between concomitant pathology level which are mentioned in scale, is also not statistically significant. The average age of patients with and without bleeding anamnesis was not also significantly different ( p = 0.12). In the future, it is advisable to continue the study using several scales for assessing the severity of the «fragility» index. Thus, it is advisable to calculate the «fragility» index in patients ≥75 years of age with AF taking DOAC.

The purpose of the study was to examine the characteristics of the content of cytokines in the peritoneal fluid in women of reproductive age with infertility against the background of chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in the stage of clinical remission. Material and methods. A study was conducted of 50 patients aged 23-36 years with a verified diagnosis of infertility of tubal peritoneal genesis against a background of chronic inflammatory diseases of the reproductive sphere in the stage of clinical remission. As a control group, 15 practically healthy women aged 25-37 years were examined. Concentration of cytokines TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, MCP-1 in the peritoneal fluid was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results and discussion. In the main group of patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility, the activity of local inflammatory reactions is tested in the period of clinical remission of a chronic inflammatory process. This is confirmed by a significantly higher level of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1 in the peritoneal fluid compared to the control group. The studied biologically active substances play a significant role in the development of the immune response, as well as fibroplastic processes. The results can be regarded as the latent development of the immune response in reactions to constant antigenic stimulation from the focus of chronic inflammation, which is a significant factor in the development of adhesions in the formation of infertility, and requires the inclusion of immunotropic therapy methods in treatment.

Objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic significance of hemodynamic disorders in the area of carotid and vertebral arteries in patients with hypertension combined with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (DPPG) using ultrasound duplex scanning of neck vessels. Material and methods. Thirty eight patients of the clinic of Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine with hypertension and concomitant dizziness were examined. The state of carotid and vertebral arteries, blood flow in the arteries were assessed by duplex ultrasound scanning using the Vivid E9 apparatus. Results and discussion. The influence of the blood flow at the level of carotid and vertebral arteries on the severity of clinical symptoms of dizziness in patients with hypertension with concomitant DPPG was shown. The clinical significance of atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries, tortuosity of carotid and vertebral arteries of the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of dizziness in patients with hypertension and DPPG was revealed. It is shown that in patients with hypertension and comorbid DPP, the severity of the relationship of hemodynamically significant changes in the carotid and vertebral arteries with clinical manifestations of dizziness is greater than in patients with hypertension without DPP. The use of ultrasound duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries in hypertension with comorbid vertigo allows for differential diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and cerebrovascular dyscirculatory disorders, the degree of their participation in clinical manifestations of dizziness. A new medical technology for the diagnosis of pathogenic mechanisms of dizziness in patients with hypertension, using ultrasound duplex scanning of carotid and vertebral arteries, allows to personalize treatment and prevention in such patients.

The paper presents the case of clinical observation of a patient with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS). aHUS is a disease characterized by an unfavorable prognosis (severe or catastrophic course with rapid development of terminal renal or multi-organ failure). The aim of the study is to evaluate the approaches to differential diagnosis of aHUS in clinical practice. Material and methods . The study was conducted on the basis of the Nephrology Department of Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital n.a. S.V. Belyaev. The clinical observation of patient D., aged 26 years old, is discussed. Results and discussion. Diagnosing aHUS requires: 1) diagnosing thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA: thrombocytopenia or decrease in platelet count by more than 25 % of original, visceral damage (kidneys, CNS, gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs)); 2) ruling out HUS associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS; negative for Shiga-toxin in blood and stool), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), systemic connective tissue disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, HIV infection; 3) assessing the activity of ADAMTS13 (decrease confirms the aHUS diagnosis); 4) proving normal content of complement components C3 and C4 as an additional argument in favor of aHUS diagnosis. At the first stage, the patient was diagnosed with TMA (platelet content 37 × 10⁹/l, hemoglobin content 59 g/l), LDH up to 824 E/l), liver damage (AST, ALT and LDH activity 55, 60 and 824 U/l, respectively), kidney damage (acute renal damage), lungs, heart, and brain damage. At the second stage the following diagnoses were ruled out: STEC-HUS (Shiga toxin in blood and stool was not detected), TTP (ADAMTS13 activity level was 66 %, whereas reference values are 93-113 %, in TTP - below 5-10 %); systemic connective tissue diseases catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, HIV infection sepsis. Normal values of C3 (0.9 g/l) and C4 (0.23 g/l) complement components did not rule out the diagnosis of aHUS.

Aim of the study was to determine the level of self-assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its relationship with the objective state of health in students of junior courses of medical and humanitarian specialties. Materials and methods. The study has been conducted at the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) and at the Pacific State Medical University (TSMU) since December 10, 2017 to June 10, 2018. It was attended by 479 students of junior (1-3) courses, of which 228 (47.5 %) studied medical specialties at FEFU and TSMU, 251 (52.5 %) studied humanitarian specialties (FEFU). The average age of students was 19.5 ± 1.9 years, the average response rate - 94.2 %. The selection was carried out using the principles of gender-stratified randomization. The state of health of the students was assessed by the presence of chronic diseases and the level of the Charlson comorbidity index. In the collection of data used outpatient cards (Form 025/y); patient registration logs (Form 001-1/y); medical control cards of follow-up (Form 062/y). For the self-assessment of HRQoL, a questionnaire was used: «A short form of self-assessment of HRQoL, MOS SF-36v2» (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form version 2). The demographic and socio-economic status was determined using a special questionnaire. Results and discussion. HRQoL indicator in medical students turned out to be related to the frequency of seeking medical help ( r = 0.75; p < 0.01), the comorbidity index ( r = 0.43; p < 0.05) and the average number of chronic diseases among respondents ( r = 0.49; p < 0.05). The relationship between the total HRQoL and the physical and mental components of QoL self-assessment also proved to be quite strong ( r = 0.69; p < 0.01; r = 0.59; p < 0.01, respectively). In students of humanitarian specialties HRQoL appeared (in addition to the physical and mental component of QoL) to be interrelated only with the average number of chronic diseases ( r = 0.69; p < 0.05). Thus, 76,0 % of students of medical and humanitarian specialties have undergone chronic diseases of internal organs in junior courses. Diseases of the digestive (30-33 %), urogenital (10-14 %), respiratory (7-10 %) and nervous systems (6-10 %) are most common in the student environment. HRQoL in the students of junior courses of medical and humanitarian specialties does not significantly differ and is rated by them as satisfactory.

The shortage of medical personnel, primarily in the district service and rural health care, the insufficient effectiveness of measures taken by the state to solve the personnel problem («presidential» allowance for the district service, the program «Zemsky doctor», etc.) indicate the insolvency of personnel policy in the industry. The state spending huge budgetary funds for training specialists deprived itself of the right to use them where they are urgently needed. The desire to improve the quality of training of medical students on the basis of accession to the Bologna agreement did not give the desired result. The availability of medical care is also limited by the fact that in the general structure of medical specialties, the number of doctors of clinical specialties, i.e. those who directly work with patients is significantly lower than in the EU and their share continues to decline. All of the above suggests that the Ministry of Health has no clear idea about the issue of personnel, is not formed the system able to solve it, which must include: career counseling - training - public distribution trained on a budgetary basis - professional development - career growth. The state and the leadership of the regions should create favorable conditions for work and life, attracting specialists, as well as interesting them in long-term work at the place of distribution. On the basis of the Soviet experience in the organization of personnel work in health care, best practice of other countries, the authors propose measures in the medical personnel training improvement, in attracting and long-term interest in their work in «problem» positions (district service, rural health care, etc.).