Home – Home – Jornals – Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves 2017 number 5

Characteristics of the constant natural electric field in the Siberian gold ore areas. The regularities of spatial variations in the electric-field potential and the parameters and properties of anomalies have been established. The cause of the natural electric field in deposits of major genotypes has been elucidated. It is shown that the electric field is induced mainly by physicochemical processes running in electron-conducting syn-ore metasomatites and by circulation of groundwaters. Orebodies do not influence significantly the structure of the observed electric fields. We give recommendations on application of the electric-field method at various gold ore objects.

The structure and physical properties of natural sphalerites and galena from the Dal’negorsk ore massif were investigated. A nonlinear temperature dependence of the unit-cell parameters of sphalerite in the range 80-300 K was established by X -ray diffraction. The microstructure and elemental composition of sphalerites with different contents of iron were studied. The results show that an increase in iron content in sphalerite solid solution leads to an increase in the unit-cell parameters. We have established that sphalerites are insulators in the temperature range from 4 to 300 K, as their absolute electrical resistivity is greater than 1 MOhm·m. The temperature dependence of sphalerite magnetization has a peak corresponding to the mineral transition from antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic state with a Neel temperature of about 90 K in fields of 0, 0.15, and 1.00 T. The magnetic state of natural galena is due to a sphalerite impurity: The extrema in the temperature magnetization curve are typical of sphalerite.

Dear authors, colleagues and readers of the magazine! Before you the third issue of the journal "Vocational education in the modern world." The structure of the journal still includes three sections: philosophy, pedagogy, psychology. In contrast to the previously presented materials to the scientific and pedagogical communities, the general line of this issue is "through" consideration of problems related to the continuity of the vertical to university and university education proper. This is not accidental, since the conference that represents the conference in November (November 23-24) is devoted to the most acute, in the opinion of the editorial staff of the journal, a set of issues related to the state, technologies and risks of managing educational processes in the modern educational space of Russia. The problem of the unity of the educational space is closely intertwined with questions of continuity. This is clearly evidenced by the materials coming to the discussion site. Increasing the competitiveness of Russian education, which was the subject of the first discussion platform, is impossible without the creation of a single educational space based on the principles of continuity and optimality of management. It is these principles with professionalization that will be the focus of the 3rd and 4th issues of the magazine and the upcoming conference. Dear authors, colleagues and readers! We invite you to express your point of view on the state and prospects for the development of educational management in the Russian educational space in the pages of our magazine. Regards.

The author states that description of the complete picture of establishment and development of the modern Chinese humanitaristics does not appear possible due to the great number of authors whose works are published in the modern China. The author has chosen a limited area - the process of developing a branch of humanitarian studies which is new to China - the cultural studies. The Chinese postgraduate students of the FEFU’s Department of Cultural Studies and Art History have so far analyzed about 550-600 Chinese sources that, if necessary, have been translated into Russian by the post-graduate students themselves. The process of developing the cultural studies in China relies on the two category- and concept-related lines: 1) culture, national culture, folk culture, traditional culture; 2) cultural exchange, exchange processes, cultural globalization . Chinese researchers rely on the Marxist ideas and works of well-known foreign authors, primarily American. Extensive use of the original source and its interpretation are the distinguishing features of the Chinese methodological approach. Reference to the original source here is only a stimulus for the reflections of a Chinese author. Chinese researchers greatly rely on the historical context of establishment and development of their national culture. Contacts and intercultural communication with Western countries are of a particular interest to the researchers. They re-evaluate the national history and civilization. Chinese idea of the modern globalization does not involve «high» theoretical generalizations; it allows a technological construction of the cultural and economic policy of China. Evaluations of the Russian history are very contradictory: ranging from admiring the Russian culture to accusing of the Russian nationalism. The author has come to the following conclusions: The fast-developing knowledge of culture in China can be qualified as Cultural Studies. However, the existing level of Chinese cultural studies is approximately equal to that of «red-brick universities» in England in 1970s. While relying on the Marxist ideas and concepts, Chinese researchers are gradually expanding the theoretical and methodological bases of their analysis. Nowadays, explanations and partially, forecasts, are the major functions of the Chinese cultural studies.

Rapid social, scientific and technological progress interfered moral values of many people, natural and technogenic conditions of people’s lives in XIX century and especially in the XX-XXI centuries. The authors observe contradictory processes seen as huge transformation of human place and role in the world. The authors highlight socio-cultural shocks in many cases due to human’s failure in social and natural endeavors. . Many questions related to the problem of human rights and freedom transformation and about the matters what could be done and not arise. There are various variants of human legal concepts that cause not only approval, but also people’s rejection. The article shows specific period or stage of international legal consciousness and law due to the conditions of socio-legal insecurity when people don’t know their rights and duties. This period is famous for marking such a legal branch as international human rights. On the one hand, these international legal innovations should ensure conflicts detention in the mentioned legal sphere. On the other hand, it is this field where the authors see contradiction among socio-cultural legal traditions that existed before and differed with each other from region to region. Human rights concepts at the international level have led to many conflicts in comparison with those in the traditional legal systems of states and rendering human rights. All mentioned above has determined growing transformational processes of human rights at the national and international levels. The authors the current problem of social transfer, or social transformations, in the field of human rights.

The paper investigates transformation of identity and specifies peculiarities of philosophic, sociological and psychological reflection of the concept in accordance with historic periods of society development. The authors highlight scientific views on the evolution of identity, contradiction in its formation, critics of existing concepts and results received in Philosophy, Sociology and Pedagogics. The authors see current conditions of identity formation as completely different. This results from globalization process, virtualization, creating net communities etc, that is why the authors focus on the types of various and flexible identity that corresponds to modern life and diversity of net communities (from professional and socio-demographic communities to affinity communities). The paper analyzes the functions of culture in these processes and new means of communication. The authors make case about virtualization of society, reflection and creation of new concepts of modern transformation society. This results from wide-spread screens (cinemas, TV-sets, computers, smart phones, tablets, e-books etc.) and forms of interaction among them (WEB 2.0, cloud technologies etc).

In the territory of the Russian Federation since July 01, 2016 the system of professional standards (1) began to work. After studying of the legislation on this subject (including Art. 195.1-195.3, Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) many employers for whom provisions of standards are obligatory have a natural question: how there is an implementation of professional standards at the entity? Now personnel and economic services of accounting entities and educational institutions upon transition to national system of professional standards have the some difficulties connected with development (more precisely - assimilation) a large number of information (an extensive new regulatory framework, over 850 new professional standards, other), also in case of transformation of this information in quality of the focused on practice knowledge directed to implementation of professional standards in practical activities of the entities and organizations. Now it is necessary to master effective mechanisms of implementation of PS that it is possible to make only in the conditions of integration of science, education, the executive authority and professional and expert community of a wide range of specialists. Interaction of science, education and production is necessary also for «completion» of the left PS as in the course of implementation certain inaccuracies, contradictions of a substantial part of standards come to light. Big educational work is necessary to avoid «the environment resistance», to create favorable social and psychological climate in labor collectives in case of implementation of requirements of standards. The heavy responsibility at the same time is conferred on the training organizations, including the DPO systems which are designed to develop and realize techniques of training in effective implementation of PS. The fixed straight line and feedback according to the scheme «science - education - production - the executive power education» is for this purpose necessary.

The article is devoted to the modern approach to the question of the psychological peculiarities of the process of educational interaction. The authors describe the processes and learning outcomes in the context of didactic communication. A student is a personality who is actively involved in educational interaction. A teacher is an instructor and organizer of educational environment who controls students’ activity.. The authors discuss new and traditional educational practices aimed at making the process of didactic communication more effective. The article is also dedicated to learning myths, analysis of motivational, intellectual, and interactive learning resources. The authors describe the main aspects aimed at students’ development , their inner world and expressions, possibilities and restrictions.

The article highlights many challenges that determine and define the tendencies in the world development. The author focuses on professionalism of human resources as it plays significant role in creating public goods and stability of the planet. Comparative pedagogical research considers this problem in relation with the tendencies of professional education development, exactly one of its component which is seen as professional training of industrial personnel. Human and social assets are two social phenomena of EU that are seen as strategic resource of education and competencies. European expansion has led to changed in migration landscape of Europe. The picture of social and professional mobility at the labour market of Europe is rather contradictory. The level of mobility is increasing employing people with high education status whereas people with low qualification are not employed. The author highlights the conditions necessary to follow in order to enter the labour market. These conditions are seen as competitiveness of people should that should be based on multi-level lifelong learning; interaction between educational programs and professional qualifications that allow people to build educational transfers in non-formal and informal learning; advanced approach to the content of professional education; assessment of learning outcomes and qualifications certification. The flexible model of pedagogical education that focuses on professional development of a teacher is considered to be the leading factor of training. The paper recognizes social partnership as a tendency of personnel training. This social partnership is seen as multipartied teams between professional education and training and state bodies, public organizations and labor market aimed at consensus-building of the parties. Due to multipartied teams, the subjects of cooperation fulfill weak points and make competitive advantages by means of public and private partnership. Alternative mechanism ensures financing of professional education and training; private capital takes responsibilities that usually lie upon the governmental bodies. However it cannot operate without the state that provides legislation and infrastructure of business.

This article proves the necessity of forming and developing of critical thinking which is seen as a basis for forming cultural and professional competencies of the federal state educational standard of higher education. Organizational and target changes in the study process of the higher education system determines the necessity of conventional changes of the learning process itself. The thesis that building the competencies connected with analysis, synthesis, and induction of hypothesis, formulating and solving problems is connected with the targets and functions of critical thinking in both historical and contemporary aspects, is proven. This thesis is proven through comparative analysis of critical thinking and philosophy, critical thinking and logic.

The relevance problem related to human rights deals with many unsolved questions, so this problem is rather acute and relevant in spite of the fact that these rights are already generally implemented and the issues resolved. This means that within the framework of the general problem studied, derivatives arise: the problem of infringement of human rights and upholding and protecting human rights, including on the basis of a new such new branch of culture as the culture of human life safety. The fundamental and efficient theoretical areas on the basis of which it is possible to solve widely and professionally a number of topical problems of human rights, are philosophy of law theory. On the one hand, these are the scientific and theoretical fields of knowledge, and on the other hand, the academic disciplines in the system of legal education. The article deals with the theoretical and philosophical and educational aspects of understanding human rights in education and legal practice.

Language proficiency is one of key competences of an individual nowadays. The authors highlight two systems used for description of language proficiency in Russia. One of them is subjective assessment that assumes such categories as «I can read and translate with a dictionary», «I can speak», «I can speak English fluently». The other assessment is objective assessment as it refers to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The article contains a comparative-historical analysis of the notion «language proficiency» formation to fully understand the factors influencing the formation of a contemporary subjective language proficiency assessment. Based on the background reading analysis, four periods of formation the «language proficiency» notion are coined, with reference to the foreign language function in various ages: communicative- applied, academic/enlightening, ideology-populist and integrative. Foreign language competence requirements are reflected in categories factors influencing the formation of a contemporary subjective language proficiency assessment.

The paper highlights relevant issues of students’ professional competence. The author considers the problem of arrangement of internship which deals with building skills and expertise assumed by educational and professional standards. The article shows the structure of internship and suggests the methods to make the content of internship more concrete and correspondent with major and object of internship. The author explains that educational institution which has professional teaching staff is responsible for fulfilling the requirements of employers in theoretical and practical training.

The article analyzes the prospects of a possible rejection of the traditional approach to the classification of existing concepts "profession" and "specialty". The importance and relevance of revising the views on the role and place of the professional education system in the development of professional and educational standards is declared. With the decisions on the development of agricultural production, the possibilities of wider application of solutions in the main areas of modernization of the educational process in the system of Russian agrarian education are considered.

The problem of modernization of higher education in accordance with the labor market needs, as well as for the integration of the national education into the world of educational and economic space is rather relevant today. The article is devoted to specifics of application of humanitarian component as one of the most important paradigms of modern higher education. The authors focus on the link between society development and technology and process of professional training of prospective specialists. The problem of higher education content compliance with the level of technological development is solved by means of improving state standards, equipment and teachers’ further training. The authors see testing and application of standards and place of humanitarian training as relevant and particular in this situation. Humanitarization of professional education, including technical education, can be successfully used in order to solve the complex of technological problems, the determining of social significance of the project, the identifying advantages and disadvantages. The authors highlight prospective idea of recruiting the staff and employees to the Chairs of Humanities for them to participate in teams, performing technical, technological and other studies in various projects.

The paper uses research data on new approaches to exploring the model of agricultural education development and solving the tasks of the staff for agribusiness. The authors consider the problems of the situation concerning the qualified staff in rural areas of Tomsk region. The authors show the necessity of regional rural areas in the qualified staff. The paper reveals the factors that influence negatively agricultural production. One of the important tasks of overcoming these negative factors and successful development of agribusiness is involving high-qualified staff and employing professionals in rural areas. The program of import substitution in agriculture also causes this problem. The authors make a case about specific measures on improving the situation with the staff in rural areas in order to solve this problem in Tomsk region.

A real system of the objective world, both material and social, consist of objects with hyperbolic distributions rank called cenoses. Cenology is the doctrine of systems as cenoses, whose objects, when ranked in order of decreasing parameter, form hyperbolic rank distributions that are non-Gaussian distributions. The spread of cenological views over 40 attests to the universality of hyperbolic rank distributions, their importance and significance in the system of scientific knowledge at the methodological and philosophical levels. Lack of knowledge of hyperbolic rank distributions in the education system leads to an inadequate perception of the world, mistaken views. For example, the average salary of citizens (region, country, enterprise, etc.) is widely represented as an indicator of the level of incomes of citizens. However, it is not, as the income distribution is not Gaussian. Introduction of a system of cenological knowledge in the content of textbooks is an important and urgent methodological task for the near future. Otherwise, the individual scientific picture of the world is incomplete and inadequate in the minds of future specialists.

Bologna declaration considers the quality of education as a basis of competitiveness of educational system. The idea of lifelong learning, that is converted into the uniform concept of transnational education, puts forward a problem of ensuring quality of pre-university education as triad element as «pre-university education- higher education - postgraduate training». The authors sees breaches in lifelong learning of national universities and foreign universities as a threaten of loosing competitiveness in international educational space. Due to this fact, the responsibility of training competitive professional lies upon pre-university education as it comprises formal training, non-formal education and informal training. The author sees relevance and competitiveness of pre-university educational programs and alumni competitiveness of pre-university training departments in realization of conceptual bases of modernization of pre-university educational space, implementation of innovative educational technologies, introducing of innovative component into general educational programs and changes in the way of teaching. The paper reveals integrative model of pre-university training which is called University lyceum. This model is rendered as a fundamental core in lifelong learning system of the university and combines resources and educational capacities of secondary education, vocational education and further training in the region. The described model isn't restricted by the problems of professional self-determination, career guidance and pre-professional development. This model is aimed at formation of professional qualities and transfer from the subject to profile (metasubject) implementation of the contents of pre-university education. Application of the model contributes to quality improvement of pre-university education, provides lifelong lerning and continuity of educational preparation in higher education institution and improvement of quality of enrollment of students.

The paper reveals the concepts “high technologies” and “high pedagogical technologies”. The author concentrates on the problem of applying high technologies in training Bachelor students specializing in Professional Education. The author describes pedagogical support for introducing high technologies in training and focuses on structural and functional model which contributes to fostering this support in education.

The article outlines that the essential direction in the upbringing of the citizen of the Motherland is the creation of pedagogical conditions in the educational process of the higher educational institution for target training of young people for participation in the activities of society and the nation. The author has analyzed literary sources and highlighted, general factors that take into account both the external impact and the internal attitude of the individual to the different events were identified. They are «educational process of the higher educational institution», «media», «friends»and «the public». To investigate the factors, the author has applied methods consisting of mutually complementary components: a survey and interviews with students; a survey and interviews with the curators of student groups; a survey and talks with teachers of the higher educational institution was chosen. The research allowed us to come to the conclusion that the factor «educational process of the higher educational institution», namely the classroom activity in social and humanitarian disciplines and the factor «family» influence the formation of the civil position of students to a greater extent, but all factors are interrelated and interdependent.

The paper highlights the results of research devoted to Bachelors of Management abilities for studying and mastering competencies in the sphere of personnel management. The theoretical research has led to shifting the components of abilities and skills necessary for professional activity. Psychological and pedagogical research carried out on the first-year students has revealedinsufficient level of prerequisites builtfor mastering skills and competencies necessary for the profession. These prerequisites are caused by insufficient information about the nature and specifics of a manager’s tasks and duties; insufficient significance and relevance of values and professional skills and immature personality of a student. All mentioned above resulted in the matter of focusing on these aspects.

The paper highliughts the research results on the principles of talent management application in practice at industrial enterprises of the Siberian region. The author analyzes influence of talent management technologies on young professionals' professionalism increase. The articole reveals negative factors that influence efficiency of the measures on talent management. The authors formulate recommendations on application of programme-based approach in talent-management. This changes work on talent managemnt in accordance with the current needs of enetrprises.

In the development modern society with need mentions such part of the nature as fauna. Animals became an element of society even during its genesis, however the world outlook attitude towards them always was uncertain including during the modern period of social development. Therefore both the student and the worker of livestock specialties is forced to develop independently the attitude towards animals as generally, and in connected with the specialty plans. The most important condition of this difficult process is presence at the expert not only special knowledge, but all-humanitarian base. The purpose of this article is consideration of the sociocultural aspects making an inseparable part of teaching livestock specialties in system of the higher education. A problem of weak sociocultural skills at the developed experts of livestock professions. Need for a discourse and more careful formation of skills of work with humanitarian categories and in connection with a certain type of a profession is investigated. The author develops the thesis according to which within humanitarian disciplines surely professional specifics and an orientation of the higher education have to be considered. Acquaintance of the student to all-humanitarian problems has to have not only abstract character, but also consider specifics of future profession. It demands that in any, even most specifically specialized profession, there has to be a place to a humanitarian perspective. Taking into account this factor in article the motivation of students at the choice of the livestock directions of professional education is briefly considered. At the same time the author focuses attention on didactics of a question and claims that it is impossible to replace traditional all-humanitarian disciplines with specialized humanitarian disciplines as the last can form the corresponding skills only on all-humanitarian base.

The article raises the problem related to choosing future profession which school graduates face taking into account their abilities and real and perspective opportunities. Regardless that fact that art professions are rather prestigious at the present moment and specialists of this kind are in demand, the most part of school leavers try to receive professional education in other branches as well. This aspect is caused by the reasons of both personal, and public character, specifics of art education which requires a certain level of art and creative abilities, practical skills in graphic activity and psychophysiological features of the youth. Fostering of choosing the profession in the field of art makes new demands to professional guidance of seniors. In this context the profile art training realized in the conditions of interaction of educational institutions (school higher education institution) takes prior direction. Educational resources of higher institutions and their application in training contributes to pupils’ adaptation of to the educational environment of higher institution and estimates the level of necessary knowledge and skills on the example of students’ works and makes favorable conditions for professional self-determination of pupils. Profile training contributes to students’ preparation forexaminations and creative tests, particularly painting which is fundamental in all educational institutions that train students on Art majors. The article describes the complex of the special tasks aimed at development of pupils’ knowledge and, skills.. The authors consider pedagogical conditions that contribute to students’ professional self-determination.

Each ethnos has a certain cultural and linguistic originality. The uniqueness of each nationality is associated with specific mental values and attitudes, uniqueness of national world picture and ethnic self-awareness. National features and national texts are manifested in a vast variety of facts and signs. If fiction promotes the knowledge of the national culture of one country, artistic translation is its instrument. World literature emerged, exists and develops precisely because of the artistic translation of various works of literary art. The rich history of Russia gave birth to an equally rich culture and literature, which cause extremely conflicting feelings among foreigners. Although Chinese people have had complex and contradictory stereotypes about Russians, about Russia, the picture that Russian literature leaves in the minds of the Chinese is beautiful and unique, and it still has an impact on the Chinese in both China and Taiwan. Russian literature occupies a special place in the minds of the peoples of China and Taiwan. Readers of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are united by a love of Russian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. It is interesting to note that, although there is a difference between these two societies in ideology and the political system, a common love for Russian literature unites them. The author of this article have set herself the following tasks: to explore the concept of «stereotype» of national culture in intercultural communication; to study the influence of background knowledge on the understanding of the culture of another people through literature and its’ translations; to reveal the perception of stereotypes of Russia and Russians from the Chinese; to study the perception of Russian literature in China; to study the perception of Russian literature in Taiwan.

Moscow held Moscow international educational fair - 2017 on 12-15^th April,, 2017. This fair was organized by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, under the UNESCO patronage. The paper highlights the main materials of the special project «Career guidance» which was organized for pupils by career guidance companies and institutions, psychological centers and consulting organizations. The project focuses on interraction between education system and labor market. It is the guidebook on education and career possibilitieas, which gives an opportunity to ask mportant questions in the area of education and labor markets, to realize different possibilities and ways, to understand how modern professions are being developed and what skills should the pupils have for being successful in the labor market.

Interest in the combustion chemistry of multi-fuel mixtures is related to the need to study the combustion of natural gas, which is known to be a mixture of alkanes. It has been found by molecular beam mass spectrometry studies and numerical simulation that the width of the zones of consumption of hydrogen and methane in the H₂/CH₄/C₃H₈/O₂/Ar flame and the width of the zones of consumption of methane and propane in the CH₄/C₃H₈/C₄H₁₀/O₂/Ar flame differ significantly from each other. The causes of this phenomenon were determined by analyzing the simulation results. It has been found that in the presence of heavier compounds, lighter fuels, such as H₂ and CH₄, are formed which reduces the rate of their consumption and, hence expands the zone of their consumption in the flame. The influence of the presence of hydrogen in the fuel mixture on the concentration of C₂ hydrocarbons has also been studied. It has been established that the addition of hydrogen reduces the maximum concentration of ethane, ethylene, and acetylene in the flame, while the fraction of unsaturated C₂ hydrocarbons with respect to saturated ones also decreases.

An oxygen-diluted partially premixed/oxygen-enriched supplemental combustion (ODPP/OESC) counterflow flame is studied in this paper. Flame images are obtained through experiments and numerical simulations with the GRI-Mech 3.0 chemistry. The oxygen dilution effects are revealed by comparing the flame structures and emissions with those of a premixed flame and partially premixed flame (PPF) at the same equivalence ratio ( f _= 0.95 and f _f = 1.4). The results show that both PPF and ODPP/OESC flames have distinct double flame structures; however, the location of the premixed combustion zone and the distance between premixed/nonpremixed combustion zone are significantly different for these two cases. For the ODPP/OESC flame, the temperature in the premixed combustion zone is lower and the premixed zone itself is located farther downstream from the fuel nozzle, which leads to reduction of NO and CO emissions, as compared to those of the PPF. Therefore, by adjusting the distribution of the oxygen concentration in the premixed and nonpremixed combustion zones, the ODPP/OESC can effectively balance the chemical reaction rate in the entire combustion zone and, consequently, reduce emissions.

This paper describes the numerical modeling of gas flow in a plane vortex chamber by using the Navier-Stokes equations. The model is based on the laws of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy for nonstationary two-dimensional compressible gas flow in the case of axial symmetry with a tangential component of the gas velocity. The processes of viscosity, thermal conductivity, and turbulence are accounted for. It is shown that the transition of the kinetic energy of gas into thermal energy as a result of the transfer processes leads to the formation of hot spots in the boundary layers near the walls of the chamber. The gas temperature at these hot spots can exceed the gas ignition temperature, while the gas remains rather cold in the neighboring regions. This could be the reason for the cold gas self-ignition observed in the experiments. The turbulence of the flow and the processes of mixing and diffusion of the components make a significant contribution to the capacity of gas self-ignition.

A high-speed camera system is used to observe the diffusion flame of a Bunsen burner in linear motion. The resultant sequence of instantaneous motion pictures of the flame accelerating at 3.60 m/s² is processed and used to study the change in the flame area and specific floor area of the flame over different temperature ranges. The results indicate that the total flame area increases in the fuel control zone as the velocity increases over the range of experimental speeds employed (< 0.90 m/s); then the total area quickly decreases in the transition region and is stable in the cross-flow wind control zone. As the velocity of the fire source increases, the low-temperature and specific floor areas adopt more dominant positions in the low-speed fuel control zone. In the high-speed cross-flow wind control zone, the area of the high-temperature zone and specific floor area take the dominant positions. The transformation between the two situations occurs in the transition zone. The cross-flow wind increases the high-temperature specific floor area of the fire compared to that of a stationary fire; the consumption in the moving fire also becomes correspondingly more concentrated and fierce.

The effect of preliminary injection (pre-injection) of a gas (heated air, methane, or ethylene) ahead of the entrance of a three-dimensional inlet in a supersonic flow with Mach numbers M_¥ = 2-4, stagnation temperature T * = 300 K, and flow rates of the injected gas corresponding to 0-6% of the flow rate of air through the inlet is numerically studied. The gas is injected through orifices located behind the end faces of pylons mounted upstream of the inlet entrance. The computations are performed by the ESI-FASTRAN software package, which allows one to calculate three-dimensional viscous turbulent gas flows by a time-dependent method with the use of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Experimental investigations of pre-injection are performed with the use of small-scale and large-scale inlet models at M_¥ = 3-4 and 6. A positive effect of pre-injection on stable (without stalling) deceleration of the incident flow in the case of mass supply and on initiation of ignition and stable combustion in the combustion chamber is confirmed.

A new criterion for thermal explosion in exothermic reacting systems for the case of arbitrary one-step conversions. The method of calculation is based on the analysis of the equation of maximum temperatures obtained for closed systems with the consumption of reagents taken into account. The dependence of the maximum temperature on the Semenov and Todes parameters is bistable and the critical conditions are determined by the extremum conditions on the relevant parametric diagrams. The demarcation lines of ignition in the Todes criterion-Semenova criterion parametric plane are calculated for second-order exothermic reactions. Comparison of numerical and analytical calculations showed that they are in satisfactory agreement

The mathematical model of thermal explosion and synthesis of products in a mechanically activated 3Ni + Al mixture is simulated in a macroscopic approximation. It is shown that activation of original components significantly increases the formation rate of a Ni₃Al intermetallide. The experimental data are used to determine the thermophysical and kinetic constants of the process.

A model for the gasification of solid propellants containing a two-phase medium in an intermediate stage. The formation of the gas phase proceeds in two ways: chemical reactions result in gas products, which, in turn, initiate the formation of bubbles, in which vapor forms from the liquid phase of the fuel. Gas products play an important role only at the earliest stage of bubble development; the minimum size of gas-phase nuclei is determined from their minimum pressure. The he bubble volume grows primarily by evaporation of the liquid phase. A kinetic equation for the bubble concentration and the necessary boundary conditions are formulated. Arguments are given to suggest that a maximum temperature cannot be formed in the gasification zone and that natural turbulence can be generated by collapsing bubbles. The sound produced by burning solid rocket propellants is explained by the collapse of a huge number of microscopic bubbles. If the processes in the two-phase zone are neglected, the formulated system of equations goes over into the Belyaev-Zel'dovich model equations.

The combustion products of solid rocket fuels at a pressure of 40 atm have been studied by molecular beam mass spectrometry. A facility with a four-stage molecular beam formation system has been designed. The possibility of quantifying the composition of combustion products is shown using as an example a composite fuel based on ammonium dinitramide and polycaprolactone.

Five variants of calculating the burning rate of a solid propellant as a function of the pressure in a solid-propellant rocket motor are considered. Two variants of analytical expressions are proposed for approximating real dependences. In all variants, the pressure in the rocket motor can be presented by simple analytical expressions as a function of solid propellant parameters, charging conditions, and structural factors of the charge and motor.

The combustion and chemical transformation of highly exothermic MoO₃/NiO/Al/C and MoO₃/NiO/Al/B mixtures on the surface of a titanium base under the effect of centrifugal acceleration are studied. It is shown that chemical reactions occur not only in the combustion wave, but also on the surface of the titanium base, between the combustion products and the base material (titanium). The dynamics and mechanism of formation of layered (gradient) titanium-ceramics materials (Mo-Ni-C-Ti or Mo-Ni-B-Ti) is investigated.

Composite materials based on Nb with functional (Si, C, B) and alloying dopants (Hf, Ti, Al, etc.) are promising materials for aircraft engine applications. Our previous studies have shown that such composites can be synthesized in the autowave mode (combustion mode) using highly exothermic mixtures of Nb₂O₅ with Al, Si, Hf, and Ti. It has been found that in the combustion wave, Hf actively participates in reducing Nb₂O₅, which complicates its introduction into the composite material, and also leads to an excess of Al in the alloy. In the present study, we have investigated the possibility of replacing Hf in the starting mixture by less active HfAl₃ and have also determined the effect of dispersion of HfAl₃ on the Hf content in the composite material.

Propagation of a plane detonation wave in a stoichiometric mixture of a gas and aluminum particles in a plane channel with a linear expansion section is studied by methods of numerical simulation. The slope of the wall is varied from 15 to 60^o. The basic modes of detonation propagation are analyzed: supercritical (without failure), critical (with partial failure and re-initiation), and subcritical (with complete separation of the shock front and combustion front and with detonation failure). The detonation configuration formed in the expanding section can be a cellular structure with large differences in cell sizes at large angles of expansion or a close-to-uniform structure at the wall angle of 15^o.

This paper reports the experimental and theoretical studies of the synthesis and behavior of a cocrystal energetic material 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene/1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNT/TNB). The performance tests show that this material is more powerful and less sensitive than TNT and TNB. A molecular dynamic simulation is conducted for the cocrystal TNT/TNB by using a COMPASS force field with an NPT ensemble. The density function theory is applied to investigate the band structure and the density of states for various pressures and temperatures. The results show that the TNT/TNB crystal is sensitive to pressures in the interval of 35-50 GPa, and the melting temperature of the crystal is around »320 K, which agrees well with experimental results. The Hirshfeld analysis is carried out to ascertain weak interactions and associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots. The crystal packing is demonstrated to be ensured by H × O, C × O and O × O contacts.