The article analyzes the basic principles of socio-psychological counselling as a practice helps interpersonal relationships and being its subjects. The author discusses the main problems of the customers related to violations of their intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships, and relations to his own life (existence) in General. Relying on the tetrad of principles of psychological counseling highlighted in the K. R. Rogers school, the author examines their manifestations and features in three basic aspects of the measurement of the consultative interaction. There are traditionally three such dimensions: power, competence, and love. Each of these dimensions is associated with a particular intention of the counselling relationship: transformational, dialogical and relational. Within each of these intentions of the basic principles of counselling, manifest themselves as certain meta-technology or group of meta-technology. In addition, the author considers the principles of counseling in relation to the life of the consultant and the client in General, as “meta-technologies of life”.
M. Iu. Gorbukhova, T. V. Skubnevskaya
Altai State University, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Keywords: система высшего образования, Европейский круглый стол промышленников (УКС), Болонский процесс, реформирование, модернизация, реструктуризация, субъекты высшего образования, higher education system, European Round Table of Industrialists (ERT), Bologna process, reformation, modernization, restructuration, higher education subjects
The article focuses on the problems of higher education in the Russian Federation in the framework of Bologna process. The authors analyzed foreign research and made conclusion about similar trends and problems in higher education of Russia and Europe. At the same time the analysis of the proceedings dedicated to the situation of higher education reformation in Russia allows to highlight specific problems which in the authors’ view are caused by the fact that the reforms and modernization direction don’t take into account Russian higher education traditions based on national culture and mentality.
V. I. Kudashov1, S. I. Chernykh2, M. P. Iatsenko1, D. V. Rachinsky3 1Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 3Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: глобальное образование, информационные технологии, прагматизация образования, образовательная система, качество образования, global education, information technologies, the pragmatism of education, the education system, the quality of education
The article focuses on the problems of national education at the current moment. The authors make case about the outlooks of improving the quality of education based on the most technologies. The authors outline that application of information technologies enhances the quality of training of specialists taking into account the obvious fact that social institutions have a high degree of originality and uniqueness and require development of specific technologies for each of them. Full socio-philosophical analysis of the role of information in global education implies investigation of the peculiarities of education as a part of society. The thing is that research devoted to the role, place and outlooks would depend on solution of social problems, education problems as an important social institute. This means that any actions on directing the information flows in education should follow the national idea, as the education system becomes a reason and a consequence of all social transformations. In other words, the education system is closely connected with sustainability of society; however, it has its own peculiarity specified by concrete education activity. Modern global education differs from the traditional one (Soviet), in the way knowledge is delivered on the broader spectrum. The authors pay attention to the mechanism of knowledge delivering and qualitative characteristics of new information that should become the bridge to the new knowledge by means of application new ways of information transmission. Due to the fact that information technologies are widely applied, teachers should deliver knowledge not only by means of classroom studies but using university and global information nets.
K. G. Kiazimov
Education Award Holder of the President of Russia, Academy of Labour and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: профессиональное образование, компетентностный подход, профессиональная компетенция, компетентность, образовательный кластер, образовательная среда, инновационная образовательная среда, vocational training, competency-based approach, professional expertise, educational cluster, education environment, innovative education environment
The paper analyzes the problem of training of professional staff in vocational schools. The author shows that labour market in Russia is full of specialists with high education whereas it lacks the specialists with vocational education especially trained workers. The students graduated from vocational schools are employed out of their qualification in many regions of the country. This makes difficult their further career and professional growth. The author sees the reproduction of specialists, their distribution among the regions, branches and industries as an important condition of innovative economy. The paper analyzes the problems, which make training of professional staff difficult. The author makes conclusion that further development of vocational education contributes to development of educational cluster in the region (a complex of vocational schools joined according to branch characteristics and partner relations with enterprises) and innovative education environment that provides training of highly- qualified professionals and responses quickly to the needs of the regions. Following the view of scholars to the concept “innovative education environment”, the author reviews innovative education environment as a set of special conditions where teachers’ professional activity and students’ learning and education activity are carried out accompanied by innovations introducing and application. University innovative education environment can operate efficiently on the basis of humanistic, strategic, system and structural, innovative, synergetic, competency-based and cultorological approaches. Successful operation of the university education environment requires strategic management of university development, quality control of vocational education, improving professional expertise of teachers, development of the basic educational programmes, complex methodological support, application of computer technologies and formation of corporate culture onditions and measures on formation and efficient operation of the university education environment.
Iu. V. Tabakaev1, N. N. Krasnova1, K. A. Kuzmenko2 1Gorno-Altaisk state University, Gorno-Altaisk, Russian Federation 2Bar Association of the Altai territory, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Keywords: философия права, конститу ционное законодательство, правовое образование, комплексная методология, основные методологические подходы, philosophy of law, constitutional egislation, legal education, integrated methodology, basic methodological approaches
Modern society is a very complex system. Its management is carried out with the help of political and legal system, the center of which is state power. The state power in its activity rests on the existing legislation, the core of which is the constitutional legislation. The basis of the constitutional legislation of Russia is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This means that the most important changes in the legal reality of the country, one way or another, concern its Basic Law, or the Constitution. Since most of the current changes in the legal reality and its conceptual core - the constitutional legislation - are of a complex systemic nature, an adequate complex methodology is needed to study these phenomena. It can be successfully implemented in the philosophy of law, the theory of state and law, in the study of constitutional legislation. This methodology is based on the priority of the whole with respect to the part and includes several interrelated approaches: dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, global (systemecological), comparative, structural-organizational. It is based on the theoretical basis of synthetic dualism. Legal education requires the training of specialists of the appropriate profile.
K. A. Kuzmenko
Bar Association of the Altai territory, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Keywords: правовая безопасность, конституционное законодательство, юридическое образование, безопасность образования, legal security, constitutional legislation, legal education, security of education
The author sees legal security as a branch of national security. The paper explores the phenomenon of legal security in the constitutional legislation and grounds the significance of including compulsory modules on legal security in legal education. The author analyzes essential interrelation of new branches in the sphere of security seen as legal security and safety of education. In a complex society of the XXI st century, changes are rapidly growing and lead to social instability. Public administration, including by means of legislation, is complicated, as the law itself can also be destabilized for a number of reasons and sometimes loses its basic function of ensuring stability and a decent standard of living. On the one hand, these new processes require theoretical development and practical implementation of issues of ensuring legal security. On the other hand, there is a need for special training in the legal education of professional cadres in the field of legal security.
S. V. Chirkov1, A. P. Perepelkin2, O. V. Agafonova1 1Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation 2MDM Bank, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: BPM, BPMS, Share Point, K2, контекстное обучение, новые информационные технологии, бизнес-процессы, методы математического анализа, contextual learning, IT, business processes, methods of mathematical analysis
Technical and methodological support does not have time to change in accordance with the requirements of modern society to the organization of business processes in the field of management. Clarity and visibility of business processes at the expense of their simulations using special software, the possibility of dynamic changes of their models by the participants and with the use of software systems. The article deals with the contradiction between the needs of business professionals in the management able to design and develop business processes on the basis of new information technologies and the lack of use of modern methods of training. Put forward the idea of the development of project teaching methods based on the use of the contextual approach, aimed at resolving contradictions indicated.
The paper analyzes the peculiarities of training Master-students on sustainable agriculture and rural development and reveals the structure of unique curriculum developed in frames of international project that combines modules on the pillars of sustainable rural development, i.e. administration, social, agrotechnological, environmental and economic ones. The authors outline partner cooperation among the leading agricultural universities of Russia and Europe on training the specialists experienced in modern agricultural technologies, resource saving, environmental safety, rural development and sustainable agriculture. The paper highlights the urgency and necessity to train sought-after specialists on the platform of agricultural universities. Key words: curriculum, competence, ecological bases, agriculture, sustainable development, international project management, training, agricultural universities.
V. V. Rogdestvenskaia, Iu. V. Chudinova, O. V. Butova, G.V. Shipilina
Tomsk Agricultural Institute of Agriculture, the Branch of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: аграрное образование, проблемы (вызовы) системы образования, пути решения, рынок труда в АПК, agricultural education, the challenges of education system and solutions, agribusiness labour market
The authors highlight the problem of labor market of the agricultural sector at the current moment. They put forward the idea about necessity to explore study and develop clear guidelines in order to solve the problems appeared. The paper specifies the challenges the agricultural education system in Tomsk region faces and develops the solutions by means of the analysis of agribusiness staff labour market in Tomsk region. The authors developed specific requirements to the system of training of agricultural staff in Tomsk region and guidance to improve agricultural education in Tomsk region considering the requirements for agribusiness staff.
V. I. Igoshin
Research State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky, Saratov, Russian Federation
Keywords: содержательная математическая логика, формальная математическая логика, содержательные аксиоматические теории, формальные аксиоматические теории, булевы функции, дискретные преобразователи информации, meaningful mathematical logics, formal mathematical logics, meaningful axiomatic theories, formal axiomatic theories, Boolean functions, discrete transmitters of information
The article focuses on the role of the module on Mathematical logics in fundamentalization of mathematical education of specialists in the field of computer science and information technology who get vocational education. Enormous applied capacities of mathematical logics were revealed only after more than two centuries of this science development in close relation with mathematics development. The author offers to arrange training of Mathematical logics taking into account two sides of the science as with those two sides. These sides imply a theoretical science as a science about the ways and forms of correct thinking and applied science as a tool for designing computers and creating software for them. This approach can be based on the student book prepared by the author of the article “Elements of mathematical logics”
The authors raise a problem of opportunities, risks of external and internal factors of activities of university and declare about their being necessary for determination strong and weak points of ecological and educational environment. These characteristics define the capacities and possibilities of a legal base. For determination of analysis and the strategy of development of ecological and educational environment of marine technical university the authors use SWOT analysis from the point of view of legal regulations and support. The research assumed development of content of ecological and educational environment of technical university in the system of relations and cooperation «administration -teacher - student»; determinations of features, characteristics, structures, principles, and functions; the main approaches and regularities for models designing during ecological training and education. During development of legal support the authors used the results of a situational method of SWOT analysis.
Active reformation in higher education and professional appraisal activity have changed the requirements to training of assessors. The authors try to answer the questions in the paper what the situation with state regulation of training assessors is and what actually happens in training this kind of specialists in Russia? The article compares the programmes dealing assessment provided by some higher instituions, compares the current programmes with invalid state requirements to programs of assessors’ further training, programs of further training in assessment and requirements endorsed by the Ministry of Property Relations and agreed by the Ministry of Education and Science. The analysis shows that a significant part of the programs meet the state requirements for further training programmes in assessment in Russia whereas some universities lack the modules mentioned in the state requirements and some programmes have additional modules. The authors think it is impossible to compare the programs for bachelors and masters in the field of assessment because the titles of the programmes and their content differ greatly both in the majors (Economics, Management, Finance and Credit, etc.), and modules content. The authors highlight that BSc-pro- grammes in assessment actually don’t exist in Russia as there no state requirements to their training.
N. P. Karamyshev
Altai Institute of Advanced Training of Managers and Specialists of agriculture, Barnaul, Russia
Keywords: малый бизнес, интеграция, сельский микробизнес, концентрация, кооперация, агропромышленный комплекс, small business, integration, rural microbusiness, clusterization, cooperation, agriculture
Market economy cannot develop and become efficient without sufficient training of business bodies. Further training plays specific role in education system as it focuses on enhancing professional knowledge and skills of the chiefs and specialists from different branches of economy. The representatives of small and micro businesses are considered to be the most important business entities, as well as consumers of educational services of further training. Small businesses and micro businesses appeared to be the significant parts of the national economy, the source of well-being of citizens and the basis of social and political stability of society. A cluster plays specific role in the development of small business, as it is an integrated economic process that implies industrial clusterization in big spealized enterprises. The problem of reformation and integration of agricultural enterprises in terms of reforming of agricultural sector, the development of a market economy in the agricultural sector, are closely connected with the problem of professional unreadiness when the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises do not know how to develop cooperation in the modern market economy, what the legal procedure is, what forms of clusters and integration exist. The programmes of further training on this major are implemented rather seldom and do not attract the chiefs.
The article deals with the dynamics of the criteria of scientific knowledge and their significance for modern education. The author sets the task to determine the division of knowledge base in terms of the admissibility of its inclusion in the high school curriculum to meet the requirements of the scientific position and identify the danger of penetration of pseudoscientific exercises in education. Research methodology comprised the principles of historicism and objectivity, methodical, systematic and objectiveness knowledge. The method of comparative analysis. The development of science and its criteria since the XI century, author revealed two level of the criterions distinction of the scientific and pre-scientific knowledge: scientific and methodological that are common for science and methodology. Identify those weaknesses using that on the educational process can affect the various pseudoscientific directions. The necessity to develop mechanisms of protection against the penetration of modern education pseudoscientific influences. The article concluded that the formation of criteria of scientific knowledge is a nonlinear process. Therefore, these criteria are constantly being refined and supplemented under the influence of changes in science and under the influence of philosophical concepts. Various philosophical and scientific schools offered and offer their own scientific criteria. As a result, formed the criteria accepted by the scientific community and forming a “defense mechanism” of science, whose goal is to preserve the integrity of their own science, as well as the scientific basis for higher education.
T.A. Mutnyh
Omsk State Agrarian University named after PA Stolypin, Tara, Russia
Keywords: среда вуза малого города, компетенции выпускников, university environment in a town, graduates' competences
The article is devoted to the problem of studying and summarizing the specific pecularities of the Higher School Medium in a small town. It also considers innovative pedagogical impact for the development of common and professional competences of the students.
E. L. Guseynova, K. T. Tincherov
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Bashkortostan, Oktyabrsky
Keywords: компетентностный подход, компетентность, компетенция, когнитивный, competency-based approach, competence, competency, cognitive
The article considers the urgency of develop¬ment of students’ professional competence in technical universities on the example of Oil and gas BSc-students’ studying the module “Hydraulics and petroleum hydro¬mechanics”. The authors highlight the basic concepts of the competency-based approach: competency and competence. They describe the main provisions and concepts of the methodological approaches as systemic, competence-based, activity-based and student-centered, which is the methodological basis of training. The au¬thors outline the organizational-pedagogical conditions of development of students’ professional competences: subject-subject relations, application of prolonged dif-ferentiated tasks and monitoring of the educational process. The research describes the possibility of con-structing a subject-subject relations between a teacher and students on the basis of open dialogue. The authors offer to use criteria and assessment characteristics developed and revealed in Federal State Educational Standard 3. The paper defines and describes the com¬ponents of professional competencies development that consist of cognitive, operational-active, motivational- value and reflective evaluation criteria. The article analyzes and describes the nature and content of these criteria and provides definitions of professional compe¬tencies developed. The author describes the indicators of the development of cognitive, operational-active, motivational-axiological, reflexive-evaluative criteria for each of mentioned competencies. There are three levels of professional competence development: low, medium and high. The author describes the indicators of the criteria for the development of professional com petencies. The article shows diagnostic tools for each of the criteria. The paper describes application and implementation of organizational-pedagogical condi¬tions of professional competencies building. The paper reveals point-rating system that enhances motivation for learning activities.
K. V. Pavliuchenko
Omsk State Agrarian University, Tara, Russian Federation
Keywords: Практика, навыки, умения, стандарт, industrial training, skills, abilities, standard
The paper considers the aspects of organiza- tion and implementation of specialists’ training at the Department of Vocational Training at Tara branch of Omsk State Agrarian University. The author reveals the main problems and suggests their solutions.
O. G. Startseva1, A. V. Zakharov2 1Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla, Ufa, Russian Federation 2Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Ufa, Russian Federation
Keywords: информационно-аналитическая система, дистанционное обучение, персональная образовательная среда, профиль студента дистанционного обучения, analytical information system, distance learning, personalized learning environment, student profile for distance learning
The paper describes the features of students’ distance learning. The authors analyze the approaches and software applied in personalization and individualization of distance learning. The authors introduce the concept of students’ distance learning which uses analytical information system that provides personalization of the learning process in order to increase its efficiency. This concept includes the description of the structure of analytical information system, approach to student’s profile formation in order to personalize the distance learning process and use students clustering based on their individual profiles.
O. V. Sokolova
Orel State University, Orel, Russian Federation
Keywords: профессиональная культура, пенитенциарная система, социальная работа, professional culture, prison system, social work
Professional culture of a social worker in detention centre is a qualitative feature of professional identity. The level of professional culture allows to determine the expert’s attitude to the effect of his professional activity and professional growth. The efficiency of a specialist depends on the professional skills and professional culture.
O.V. Khorvat
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Keywords: творческий потенциал, креативное мышление, креативность, интеллектуальный потенциал, творческая личность, creative potential, creative thinking, creativity, intellectual potential, creative person
Modern society is characterized by the great demand in specialists capable to deal with changes in creative way, to use unusual methods of solving problems, which is followed by the necessity to train people in quickly changing conditions. Pedagogical experience shows that many people have a hidden creativity. Under certain conditions of creativity development and support, people can do their best in concrete area. It is important to make a basis of creative capacities in school and even pre-school period in order to develop and improve it by means of different methods and methodology. Due to its educational, developing and upbringing potential, foreign language plays special role in development of creative thinking of the competitive person. The article explores some current trends and approaches of creative person development in the process of learning foreign languages as a basis of its competitiveness increasing.
T.A. Konova, E. I. Shemyakina, M. V. Kobyakova
Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School named after A. I. Proshlyakov, Tyumen, Russia
Keywords: направленность личности, индивидуализация, обучение и воспитание, военный инженерный институт, personal orientation, individualization, training and education, military engineering institute
The paper identifies and generalizes personal orientations of cadets of the military institutions, which make up the psychological basis of individualization of education and upbringing in order to improve the quality of professional training of Russian military engineering personnel. The student’s personal orientations are rendered as his orientation to communication with the teacher, other students; attention to his personality, attitude to the world surrounded him, to the chosen profession and is directly related to the development and self-actualization of a person. The authors highlight the targets of the concept the development of the self-actualizing personality of the militaryprofessional orientation of cadets. The paper reveals research methodology used for identification of personal.
R. A. Gushcha
Novosibirsk military institute of a name of the general K. Yakovlev of troops of national guard of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: соматическое воспитание, здоровье, мотивация, физическая подготовка, обучение, курсанты, саморазвитие, somatic education, health, motivation, physical training, training, cadets, self-development
The author makes case that the peculiarities and content of cadets’ physical training of depends on a concrete military profession. The author focuses on the fact that applied physical qualities play the key role in professional training of military staff. These qualities develop those physical, moral and psychological qualities of cadets, that would be in demand and necessary in their professional activity. Physical training in military higher institutions should be aimed not only at physical development, but also at development of psychological qualities, that are inseparably connected with each other, as a will, endurance, self-control, determination, resistance to stress, etc., and also the spiritual qualities as moral and psychological stability, values and meanings, installations on self-improvement from a line item of somatic education which as a phenomenon of motivation of social responsibility is capable to provide at cadets personal perception of own quality of life and the provision in the social microenvironment depending on a value system, the available purposes and expectations.
E.V. Zarukina
Institute for Regional Economic Studies Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
Keywords: игровое социальное имитационное моделирование, подготовка кадров, инновационная экономика, game social simulation modeling, training of personnel, innovative economy
This article is devoted to the aspects of application of game social simulation modeling methods as a tool for modern educational technologies. The author reveals historical aspects of formation, types, organizational and methodical features of application of game social simulation modeling methods. The paper shows the role and possibilities of application of the methods in order to apply competence-based approach in education. The author formulates the main objectives of practical development of game social simulation modeling methods in the system of personnel training for innovative economy.
V. S. Reshetnikov1, A. G. Shabanov1, A. P. Pichugin1, L. A. Kuznetsova2 1Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Novosibirsk, Russia 2The Federal Research and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: метод компьютерного биоуправления, время реакции человека, микропроцессорный комплекс, реакция на движущийся объект, биологическая обратная связь, воспитание спортсменов, method of computer biomanagement, simple motor reaction, microprocessor complex, reaction to the moving object, neurofeedback, training of sportsmen
The authors see mastering of fencers’ skills as very important and relevant. Simple motor reaction is considered as an important factor in achievement higher results in fencing necessary in competitions. There are different methods of estimating motor reaction to the moving object. The authors developed and applied the methodology and complex programme of computer biomanagement based on general principle of neurofeedback. The authors speak about positive impact of programme application.
P. V. Menshikov1,2 1Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, Kaluga, Russia 2Institute of Psychology, Kaluga, Russia
Keywords: учебное взаимодействие, характеристики учебного взаимодействия, образ обучающего воздействия, educational communication, characteristics of educational communication, image of educational influence
The article is dedicated to the analysis of educational communication. The author considers such characteristics of educational interaction as content-related, structural and organizational, reflexive, temporal and topological, interactive, individual and psychological. The content-related part of educational interaction assumes didactic content that mediates communication between a teacher and a student. The structural and organizational part specifies concrete forms of educational interaction. The article focuses on the reflexive component that reveals teacher’s and student’s self-perception of educational interaction that influences the process of their didactic communication. Temporal and topological characteristic considers the conditions of time and space when educational interaction is carried out. Interactive feature deals with the procedural aspect of educational interaction. Individual and psychological features outline the impact on educational interaction caused by personal values of the participants. The author suggests considering educational interaction as a process that takes into account Variable “the way of educational impact”.
A. YU. RYBUSHKIN1, M. D. PARUSHKIN2,3, D. O. TERESHKIN1,2, S. V. PANOV3 1Siberian Division, Unified Geophysical Service, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 13/3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia 2Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnyi pr. 54, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia 3Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 13/3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
Keywords: лазерный деформограф, измеритель фазового сдвига, передача данных, техногенные катастрофы, laser strainmeter, phase shift meter, data transmission, mining-induced disasters
The authors have designed a multi-purpose multi-channel data recording and transmission system for the laser strainmeters and the related geophysical and seismic equipment intended for service in operating mines.
B. N. KUZNETSOV, N. V. CHESNOKOV
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: coals, brown, sapropelite, thermocatalytic refining, products, synthetic fuels, solid, gaseous, liquid, binding and carbon materials, properties, use
Pages: 221-232
The article summarizes the results of the studies performed at the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS from 1998 to 2014 in the area of thermocatalytic transformations of brown and sapropelite coal into gaseous and liquid fuels, binding and carbon materials. The fundamentals were developed for the autothermal process of brown coal carbonisation in a fluidized bed of catalyst with obtaining semi-coke and carbon sorbents. Additionally, the simultaneous preparation of fuel gas and syngas based on parallel operation of two fluidized bed reactors that are pyrolyser and gasifier was studied. Due to the use of a fluidized bed of catalyst particles during oxidative carbonization of brown coal, we managed to combine in one apparatus the processes of combustion and thermal treatment of coal. Metallurgical slags capable of oxidizing volatile substances released from coal were used as catalysts at elevated temperatures. The developed method allowed regulating the degree of coal carbonisation and, respectively, the properties of the resulting carbon products by changing the consumption coefficients of powdery coal and air fed to the reactor. Herewith, the depth of thermal treatment of coal and such characteristics of the resulting carbon product, as the heat of combustion, a content of volatile substances, its chemical composition and porosity were changed. Only the most reactive part of fuels was gasified in a catalytic boiling layer in a mode of partial gasification of coal and the porous carbon product was formed, the latter could be used as a sorbent. It was proposed to produce syngas by using a pyrolyser-gasifier. Semi-coke formed during brown coal carbonisation in a pyrolyser was raw materials for steam gasification. Since the major part of volatile substances was already removed from semi-coke, the release of resinous products did not accompany its gasification. Therefore, the product gas did not require expensive purification from impurities before its use in synthesis processes. New methods for the preparation of liquid fuels and road binders were proposed. They were based on the process of hydrogenation of brown coal and its mixtures with oil residues and synthetic polymers in the presence of mechanically activated iron-ore catalysts in the environment of hydrogen donor solvents. Products of joint refining of brown coal, oil residues and synthetic polymers wastes were used to obtain road binders, and it was proposed to obtain modifiers for paving asphalt based on oil-resistant rubbers and liquid coal products. The optimum conditions for thermal refining of sapropelite coal in a reactor with a fluidized bed were selected. They provided the increased yield of liquid products in comparison with the known processes of semicoking of coal. The composition of the products allowed their refining by standard oil refining technologies.
E. V. VEPRIKOVA1, R. Z. PEN2, B. N. KUZNETSOV1 1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Siberian State Technological University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: enterosorbent, birch bark bast, preparation, mathematical model, optimization
Pages: 233-238
The optimum conditions for the synthesis of enterosorbents of birch bark bast were determined by experimental and calculation methods. The regression equations describing the dependence of characteristics of enterosorbents from conditions of its synthesis were obtained. The optimum conditions for the preparation of an enterosorbent with the maximum sorption activity for methylene blue and containing less than 5 mass % of water soluble substances were calculated using these equations: NaOH concentration of 1.5 mass %, a temperature of 80 °C and treatment duration of 60 min. Calculated values correlate well with experimentally obtained results.
M. K. GANUSOVA1, E. A. IVANOVA-SHOR1,2, A. M. SHOR2, V. A. NASLUZOV2, A. I. RUBAYLO1,2 1Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: density functional method, plutonium (IV) complexes, the polarizable continuum model, hydrolysis constants, hydration free energy
Pages: 239-246
The structure and the first hydrolysis step of the hydrated Pu(IV) ion in the aquatic environment were studied using relativistic density functional theory and the polarizable continuum model (PCM). According to calculations, the Pu(IV) ion was mainly coordinated with eight water molecules. The calculated distance Pu-O of 238-241 pm was in good agreement with the experimental value ((239±2) pm). It was demonstrated that for the correct replication of constants log K 01 of the first hydrolysis step, it was important to use scaling multipliers adequate to the charge of the hydrated complex when constructing the density that included the solvated complex in PCM model. The calculated values of log K 01 of 1.1…-0.2 were close to the experimentally defined range (-0.6…0.6). The correct replication of hydrolysis constants allowed considering the calculated range of the hydratation free energies of the Pu(IV) ion of 6070-6157 kJ/mol as a reasonable prediction of experimental values.
K. S. GOLOKHVAST1, A. N. KUPRIYANOV2, YU. A. MANAKOV2 1Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia 2Institute of Human Ecology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric suspension, Kuzbass, microparticles, coal, technogenic particles
Pages: 247-254
The paper presents the results of the study on the effects of objects of the Karakan coal cluster (Kuzbass) on the atmosphere. Observation of the composition of atmospheric suspension was carried out for 3 years - from 2012 to 2014. It was demonstrated that particles of less than 1 and 10 µm were found in a considerable proportion (to 50 and 71%, respectively) in atmospheric suspension of a number of sampling points throughout the observation period. These points are located near technological and motor roads, quarries. The qualitative composition of suspended particles demonstrated high contents of coal particles with multiple inclusions of native metals and their compounds (including rare earth elements). Rare-earth phases have a potentially hazardous inhalable size - from nanoscale to tens of microns. As a whole, as demonstrated by our three-year observation, all studied regions of the Karakan coal cluster are unfavourable for living from the viewpoint of air quality.
A. G. GORSHKOV1, O. V. KUSTOVA1, E. V. DZYUBA1, YU. R. ZAKHAROVA1, S. M. SHISHLYANNIKOV1, V. A. KHUTORYANSKIY2 1Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk Russia 2Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: PCB, Lake Baikal, monitoring, environmental indicators
Pages: 255-264
The paper gives assessment of the content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the upper water layer and deep water levels (900-1500 m) of Lake Baikal at the current stage. The total concentrations of PCB congeners (PCB content from 24 to 34 congeners) are varied in a range of 1.4-7.2 ng/dm3. Domination of tri-, tetra- and pentachlorinated biphenyls in a series of PCB homologs has been observed, which points out at long-range atmospheric transport as a major source of PCB. Polychlorinated biphenyls content in the upper water layer of Lake Baikal is comparable or significantly lower in comparison with that of water in continental world lakes but higher in comparison with Arctic and Antarctic lakes. Commercial fish species omul (C. migratorius Georgi, 1775) were proposed as a biomonitor of PCB in the Baikal ecosystem. By the accumulation level of seven indicator PCB congeners (Nos. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180 by IUPAC) in omul and bulltrout (Salmo trutta) from highland lakes of South and Central Europe, the amounts of bioavailable PCB in water of these lakes are comparable between each other. The results of approbation of the method for determination of indicator PCB congeners in water and omul samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and isotopically labelled internal standards may form the basis of the modern system of monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in the Baikal ecosystem.
SH. N. ZHURAKULOV, M. G. LEVKOVICH, V. I. VINOGRADOVA
Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Keywords: deoxyvasicinone, mackinazolinone, 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl)aminomethylidene-1,2,3,9-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]-quinazoline-9-one, 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl)amino)-methylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b]-quinazoline-10-one
Pages: 265-269
The reaction of 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl)aminomethylidene-1,2,3,9-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]-quinazoline-9-one (3a), 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethyl)amino)-methylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2,1-b]-quinazoline-10-one (3b) and formaldehyde in acid medium was studied. Instead of the expected Mannich products, bis-derivatives that are deoxyvasicinone and homoveratrylamine were obtained from 3а, and mackinazolinone - from 3b. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by data from IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy.
N. M. KOZHEVNIKOVA
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan Ude, Russia
Keywords: natural mordenite-containing tuff, europium ions, sulphate solutions, adsorption of europium ions, sorption isotherms, kinetic regularities
Pages: 271-274
Natural zeolites modified by rare earth element (REE) ions are promising to obtain efficient regenerative stimulants and biologically active drugs. Rare earth elements are used upon treatment of tuberculosis, tumours, skin diseases, and REE of cerium subgroup have anticoagulative action. Europium introduced into the zeolite matrix exerts neuroprotective effects. It is considered reasonable to use potassium channel blockers with the aim of reducing ischemic brain damage. Lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and europium ions in biological systems substitute calcium ions block their entrance into cells exerting inhibitory effects on the development of calcium-induced cascade of pathologic reactions in cerebral ischemia [4]. Sorption technology allows increasing biological activity of natural zeolites that act as a prolonging carrier of REE ions. Equilibrium and sorption kinetics of europium (III) ions from sulphate solutions by natural mordenite-containing tuff were studied. The kinetic parameters of the sorption process were defined; adsorption isotherms of europium ions were constructed. It was determined that both external and internal diffusion were the rate-limiting step; europium was completely extracted from diluted solutions (<0.0025 mol/L).
E. R. LATYPOVA1, R. F. TALIPOV1, V. S. TUKHVATSHIN1, M. P. YAKOVLEVA2, G. YU. ISHMURATOV2 1Bashkiria State University, Ufa, Russia 2Ufa Institute of Chemistry RAS, Ufa, Russia
Keywords: (R)-4-menthen-3-one, hydride, sulphur- and nitrogen-containing reagents, transformations
Pages: 275-286
Reactivity data of (R)-4-menthen-3-one and routes of its transformations with the participation of hydride, sulphur and nitrogen-containing reactants were generalized and systematized. An opportunity to prepare a range of new potentially pharmacologically active sulphides, sulphoxides, acetamides and an oxime of the menthane series based on (R)-4-menthen-3-one and its derivatives was demonstrated using the Ritter reaction, nucleophilic and electrophilic thiating, nitrosation, oximation. Resulting from the carried out systematic research of reactions of (R)-4-menthen-3-one and its derivatives with aluminium- and boron-containing hydride reagents, it was detected that i-Bu2AlH was the most stereospecific hydride reducing agent for (R)-4-menthen-3-one to (1R,3R)-n-menth-4-en-3-ol. It was found that the BH3 x THF complex was a stereospecific hydride agent for the oxo group of (R)-4-menthen-3-one and regiospecific but a low-stereoselective hydroborating reagent for its multiple bond and that of (1R,3R)-n-menth-4-en-3-ol.
A. L. MYZ'1, R. A. SHUTILOV2, I. C. BATRAEV3, G. R. KARAGEDOV1, N. Z. LYAKHOV1 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: alumina, carbon nanotubes, mechanical properties, composite materials
Pages: 287-292
Composite materials based on α-alumina reinforced by carbon nanotubes were prepared. Synthesis of materials was performed by mechanochemical mixing of Al2O3 nanoparticles with pre-ultrasonicated 0.5-3 mass % multiwall or single-wall nanotubes. The resulting pressed powder was characterized by a uniform distribution of nanotubes. Green body consolidation was carried out by cold isostatic pressing followed by vacuum sintering and successive isostatic pressing at 200 MPa and temperatures not higher than 1520 °C. It was found that the density of the resulting composite material achieved under such experimental conditions was nearly theoretical and nanotubes have not been considerably damaged by the reaction between carbon and alumina. Introduction of carbon nanotubes in the alumina matrix proved to be ineffective in terms of mechanical properties (hardness, bending strength) enhancement when compared with pure alumina ceramics made of the same alumina powder. This is likely due to poor interface quality between a nanotube and the matrix. It was found that the density of the resulting ceramic material was close to theoretically possible; however, the destruction of nanotubes due to the reaction with alumina did not happen. It was demonstrated that the introduction of CNT into the alumina matrix based on nanopowders did not contribute to the improvement of mechanical (hardness, bending strength) features compared to the non-doped material. Apparently, this was due to a poor chemical interface at the phase boundary.
E. V. TIMAKOVA1,2, L. I. AFONINA1,2, YU. M. YUKHIN1, N.V. BULINA1, V. A. VOLODIN3 1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: precipitation from solutions, L(-)-malic acid, DL-malic acid, bismuth (III) malate, X-ray phase analysis, IR and Raman spectra, thermal analysis
Pages: 293-300
The precipitation of bismuth (III) from nitric acid solutions depending on the concentration of malate ions, process temperature, pH values of solutions upon the addition of an optically active L(-)-isomer and racemic DL-malic acid was studied by X-ray phase analysis (XPA) methods, IR and Raman scattering spectroscopy (RSS), thermogravimetry and chemical analysis. It was demonstrated that bismuth malate monohydrate with a composition of BiC4H3O5 x Н2О was precipitated when adding L(-)-malic acid into nitric acid solutions, and in case of the addition of DL-malic acid, a compound with a composition of BiC4H3O5 x 0.5Н2О is formed. Coordination of the bismuth cation with malic acid anions was studied by spectroscopic methods. It was found that malic acid residue in the compounds under study was thrice deprotonated, and their bond with the bismuth cations was carried out through all functional groups of malic acid, The conducted research of obtained bismuth malate demonstrated that L -malate samples in comparison with bismuth DL -malate were homogeneous by the particle size distribution, which does not require the additional cost on grinding the sample to a homogeneous state when using it as a medicinal substance, and an increase in process temperature allows obtaining more fine-grained powders. The advisability of the preparation of bismuth malate for medical purposes from bismuth metal was demonstrated with preliminary oxidation of the latter with air oxygen, dissolution of the resulting oxide in nitric acid (1 : 1) and precipitation of bismuth (III) malate by the addition of a bismuth-containing solution to a sodium malate solution with a molar ratio of malate ions to bismuth of 1.1-1.2 and process temperature of (60±10) °С.
N. I. FEDOROVA1, L. M. KHITSOVA1, V. YU. MALYSHEVA1, Z. R. ISMAGILOV1,2 1Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia 2Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: coal, vitrinite, metamorphic stages, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis
Pages: 301-306
The paper presents the results of a thermogravimetric study of coal vitrinite of different metamorphic stages. It was demonstrated that initial mass loss temperature increased, the rate of gum formation and gassing decreased, and maximum thermal decomposition of coal material shifted in the DTG curve to a higher temperature region with an increase in metamorphic grade of vitrinite during their pyrolysis in inert atmosphere at 300-600 oС temperature range. When studying the effect of heating rate for the destruction process of vitrinite organic matter it was found that an increase in the maximum rate of thermal decomposition happened in the DTG curve and temperature, whereby it was reached.
E. A. CHERNYSHEVA1, V. A. GRABEL'NYKH2, E. P. LEVANOVA2, N. V. RUSSAVSKAYA1, I. B. ROZENTSVEYG2, N. A. KORCHEVIN1 1Irkutsk State Transport University, Irkutsk, Russia 2Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: heavy metals, adsorption, lignin, organochlorine residues
Pages: 307-312
This paper proposes a new approach to the development of new sorption materials designed for extraction of compounds of high toxic heavy metals from wastewater, pollution by which is of global environmental problem. To obtain new sorbents it is proposed to use large-tonnage wastes of wood chemistry, i. e ., lignin, organochlorine residues from epichlorohydrin production and the waste of processing of high sulphur crude oils and natural gas, elemental sulphur, which allows simultaneously solving the problems of waste disposal and wastewater treatment. The availability of sorption materials using lignin previously subjected to chlorine water was demonstrated. Sorbents containing 2.4-12.5 % of sulphur are formed in 91-93 % yields by the interaction between the product with different degrees of chlorination and sodium disulphide in hydrazine alkaline system. Their maximum opportunity for heavy metal removal (Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Co) from model solutions with initial metal ion concentration in solution of 5000 mg/L was explored. High sorption activity of the resulting materials was detected for all the studied metals. A new type of sorbents was also prepared when using chlorinated lignin (chlorine content of 5.7 %), sodium polysulphide (Na2Sn, n = 1.5-4.0) and wastes from epichlorohydrin production, the main component of which is 1,2,3-trichloropropane (86.2 %). The materials obtained herewith contain from 18.3 to 65.0 % of sulphur and generally show higher sorption activity toward the studied metals than sorbents obtained without the use of organochlorine residues.
N. A. YAZYKOV1, A. D. SIMONOV1, A. S. AFLYATUNOV1, YU. V. DUBININ1, S. A. SELISHCHEVA1, V. A. YAKOVLEV1, A. I. STEPANENKO2 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Gormasheksport JSC, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: shale fuse, catalyst, boiling layer, combustion
Pages: 313-321
The work studied the catalytic combustion of heavy coal-tar products (HCTP) formed upon processing of Baltic shales to assess the efficiency of combustion in the presence of an Al-Cu-Cr oxide catalyst of complete oxidation of organic compounds with active component contents of 10 %, the optimum temperature modes of catalytic combustion were determined and an assessment of an opportunity for carrying out fuse combustion process in a boiling layer of a catalyst without using additional fuels was performed. It was demonstrated that the maximum degree of combustion of 97.7-97.8 % was reached at 700-750 °С. Herewith, the concentrations of harmful substances in exhaust gases were the following: СО 244-269 ppm; NOx 179-229 ppm; SO2 - is absent. Based on the literature data on catalytic combustion of oil containing sulphur, it was demonstrated that the SO2 concentration at the outlet of the reactor could reach the value of 60 ppm during long-term operations of the setup for catalytic combustion of HCTP in autothermal mode considering the calcium oxide content in their mineral component. The carbon content in bottom ash amounted to 2.3-2.4 %. By the calcium oxide content, ash refers to basic fly ash and can be used as an additive to cement. Based on the results of catalytic combustion of HCTP in autothermal mode in a laboratory setup, emission of harmful substances in exhaust gases was determined using HCTP as fuels for a catalytic boiler-house with the air excess coefficient α = 1.2.
