Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2012 number 3

There is considered in the article the specificity of knowledge representation, in particular, the philosophical one, in the naive world-picture and its evolution. The authors analyze the definitions of the basic philosophical notions given by schoolchildren and students. It is indicated that they base them on their practical knowledgeand on the theoretical knowledge obtained previously. According to the authors, the naive world-picture practically does not reflect the "manless" universe. Philosophical knowledge of different recipients varies in terms of its exactness degree, direction, and relevance. The philosophical erudition remains on a low level. The authors think that systematic work is needed to form a philosophical world-picture. However, within the framework of a short course of philosophy, it is not possible.

The author considers the polysemy of the concept and phenomenon of "education" as a means of substantiation of the system-forming function and the leading role of national education in the transformation of the "human being-society-nature" heterogeneous system. Such point of view can be regarded as an alternative to the economy-centered model of social-economic development and life organization.

The article deals with the problem of identification of the role of knowledge and its types in the ongoing modernization of Russian education, science and economy. Utilizing the opposite (ontological and teleological) approaches of epistemology, the authors present the results of a survey of the university students of different academic years and the forms of education, which reveal the inconsistency of the students notions about modernization. The authors formulate some proposals of how to organize theinterdisciplinary space of education and the scientific research of modernization.

The paper considers the problems of philosophic and psychological gnoseology, related to the problems of understanding the principles of organization of thinking and cognition and, in the perspective, to the development,on this basis,of the efficient techniques of teaching and upbringing.

The author studies the role of philosophy in modern educational process and also correlates the significance of the crisis in philosophy and culture with the condition of education in the new century. The work consists of two interconnected parts, namely, the consideration of intrinsic characteristics of the «philosophy-education» system through the culturological prism and the analysis of the phenomenon of teacher's work. The article is an attempt tounderstand the phenomenon of domestic education in the context of culture.

The problems of innovative education are discussed most often in the languages of many postphilosophies (postliberalism, postconservatism, postcommunism, postmodernism). These languages   are suitable for the discussion of the past, but not of the unprecedented future.  The search for new languages requires a protophilosophy, an answer to the challenges of the time. The challengeshave originated from the shift of the world center from the Atlantic to the Asia-Pacific Region (APR). The Germans and Americans are the pole of monoactivity (the Atlantic, the North of the West). On this pole, there are situated the countries taking the lead in the areas of standard hardware and softwareinformation technologies.The considerable opportunities in the area of innovative brainware (education and self-education of the innovative brains) are possessed bypolyactive India, Russia, Taiwan, Singapore (APR, South-East Asia). Russia is now at the stage of energy development of civilization. The transition  into an information stage can and must become its transformation into a global brainware center.

The paper presents an analysis of the attempts of correction of the age-specific crisis of teenagers by means of the folk pedagogics. There is considered the positive though fragmentary experience of combining the folk and socio-cultural approaches to harmonization of the processes of moving into adulthood. A special attention is given to the phenomenon of moving into adulthoodby initiation, which is marked in the traditional culture by a complex system of rituals.

The paper is devoted to philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of childhood and its existence within contemporary culture. The processes in modern society make philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of childhood an extremely important problem, without resolving of which the society cannot cope with the crisis of the society itselfand the crisis of childhood. Considering childhood as the strategic potential of any society, the author indicates the lack of a unified philosophical reduction of this phenomenon, as well as the problem of domination in the society of the traditional style of thinking about children based on the typical social and educational stereotypes connected with the priority of the adult world. In the author's opinion,further existence of these stereotypes can lead to the loss of childhood as the beginning of any personality and the culture in general.

The authors reveal the possibilities of psychological correction of deviating behavior of the person from the point of view of an integrative approach. The article describes the essence of this approach as a stage-by-stage process based on a combination of individual and group psychological means. There are substantiated the positions about integrative psycho-correction realized in the form of a complex of stages organized in certain time and space, which are coordinated and make productive impact on thecognitive, emotional and behavioral spheres of the person.

In the article,there are revealed the main concepts of legal education and legal training as the means of forming legal culture of the person and the society. There are considered the problems of legal nihilism, the contradictions of the present-day system of normative-legal acts and realities.

The problem of mass drug addiction of Russia's young generation came to our country like an avalanche in the early 1990's, almost simultaneously with the beginning of carrying out the political and economic reforms which became extremely painful for the majority of population. In our country, more than 80 people are dying daily from drugs and more than 250 people are becoming drug addicts. In fact, this problem has reached epidemic proportions.  In this article,a socio-philosophical analysis of the causes of its origination is given, and there is made an attempt to create a common classification, taking into account its complexity and multifactor character. The existing ways of solving this problem are analyzed. The emphasis is placed on the fact that, depending on the target group, the work with the youth must be subdivided into two directions: prevention and rehabilitation.

In the article, the author studies the challenges of drug addiction and corruption. A new form of state educational politics is considered as a way to solve these problems

The author of the article analyzes the approaches to the problem of tolerance upbringing bythe language means. On the basis of the position about the existence of language and cultural universals, there is assumed the possibility of behavior modeling by means of the language techniques. Using the example of ethical concepts, the author shows the connection between language and cultural universals, which is of principal significance in the upbringing practiceboth in the school and the higher education institution.

In the article, some problems of modern education such as the development of creative thinking and creativity in the process of education are examined. Creativity is considered to be a process of human activity leading to the creation of something new; creative thinking is meant to be the potential, internal human resources, the ability to create.

The article highlights the scientific approaches in psychology and pedagogy to form the social maturity of the person. The author substantiates the possibility of using the upbringing potential of the school subject of "Region Studies" to form the basic values of the socially mature personality. The technology of forming the basic qualities of the socially mature personality is presented from the point of view of the competence approach. The qualities of the pupil's personality are ranked according to the key educational competences.

This article is devoted to the formation of the system of private higher education in Russia and the programs of its development. There is performed an analysis of the private higher education institutions. The author thinks that the history of origination of the private higher education is connected not only with the modern period of domestic history, but it is connected with the Russian history before revolution.

There is considered in the article the historical experience and the current understanding of evaluation in the education system; there is substantiated the introduction of a stage in the implementation of a program (a project).

The author addresses the problem of ecological safety in the conditions of globalization and the necessity of joining the efforts of the population of the planet for the mankindsurvival, which is urgent in modern conditions. In the article, there is considered the interrelation and interdependence of national and ecological safety, and also the approach of the Russian state to solving the problem of ecological safety. A conclusion is made that ecological safety in the conditions of globalization, being a reality of the modern world, forms an inevitable, objectively and subjectively conditioned, contradictory factor of providing the life activity of the world civilization of the XXI-st century.

The author studies the problem of renewal of the ecological upbringing methodology.The search of new philosophical approaches to the formation of the ecologically responsible personality is vitally important. For the first time the author identifies ecological responsibility as an integral value on the basis of philosophical and terminological analysis. The personality formation oriented to conscious realization of his/her own life activity in harmony with the world of nature, with him/herself and other people is in need of a new methodology. The foundations of this new methodology are revealed in the article.

The modern civilization aspires to climb to a higher level of functioning, which basis is the concept of sustainable development. In its context there takes place the transformation of all spheres of the society, including education as a translator of culture and creator of its new models. Today there is appeared a new direction: «education for sustainable development». The author discusses its characteristics and challenges, the strategic focus on the formation of ecological culture of students, emphasizes the need to strengthen its deontological aspect.

The paper focuses on the problems of sustainable development and the educational potential for sustainable development. It is necessary to study the ways of further development of the society   within the framework of distinction of the metaphysical and dialectic scientific projects. The origination of the modern crises is a consequence of following one of these projects,the metaphysical one. The authors analyze also the sustainable development in the "Western" model of education, emphasizing some important aspects of education for sustainable development for Russia.

There is presented an analysis of particularities of the attitudes for healthy lifestyle of modern teenagers. The role of ethnic-psychological factors in forming healthy lifestyle is demonstrated.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of health-creative culture in shaping the subject of the post-industrial development of Russia. The author believes that health-creative education can become an important tool for training new personnel for the post-industrial society. It is argued that in the value system of "homo creator" high place should be occupied by the value of physical, mental and moral health. In case of mastering the health-creative culture by the individual,it will become a serious biological reserve for his/her own universal education, constant self-education and retraining. On the other hand, he/she will be able to "construct" his/her personality on the basis of the ideal of kalokagatiya (perfection of human personality).

In this article there is described the structure of educational environment and there is substantiated the necessity and sufficiency of providing the communicative competence development of the students-bilinguals in the real educational process. The development of communicative competence of students-bilinguals is provided by a complex of pedagogical conditions: formation of the communicative competence within the pedagogical environments; realization of communicative technologies in the educational process combined with other productive technologies (computer technologies, the problem-education technologies, etc.); the themes of lessons which should be personally significant for the majority of students; comfortable psychological environment of education; the expedient use of diagnostic instruments as means of control over the result of the communicative competencedevelopment.

In the article,there are considered the social aspects of the computerization process of the Russian educational space inmodern conditions. The author substantiates the thesis that computerization, which is often understood as saturation of the educational establishments by electronic devices of various degrees of complexity, does not lead all by itself to improvement of the education quality. The social component of this process is very important. The development and application of information-communication technologies in the educational process, considered in the article as a direct consequence of computerization, introduce into the educational process a number of not only technical, but also social aspects. Among them there are the changes of the character of educational interaction and also the changes taking place to the subjects of educational process. The necessity of changes in the educational policy,realized by the state in the sphere of education, also influences the functions of the civil society.

The author emphasizes a special role of the socio-cultural competence formation in the process of development of communication skills of the Chinese students studying Russian language; substantiates the importance of correlation of the content-related aspect of the educational processwith the cross-cultural aspect of the professional activityof the future specialists. A special attention is paid to the choice of the texts of socio-cultural orientation, and to the methods used in teaching Russian language.The methods presented in the article foster the development of an entire complex ofthe subject and beyond-the-subject competences.

Known laboratory-scale and industrial methods are reviewed therein concerning the production of one of the most important vulcanization accelerators such as kaptax (2-mercaptobenzothiazol) those are based on modifying the substituents in the thiazol ring and synthesizing from acyclic precursors. The latter include also the main industrial method of obtaining kaptax based on the reaction between aniline, sulphur and carbon disulphide dangerous from the environmental point of view. Potentialities are demonstrated concerning the development of methods for producing kaptax without using carbon disulphide, which would significantly improve the environment safety of the process.

Results of the investigations carried out by the authors during the past five years in the area of chemical transformation of cytisine alkaloid are presented. A number of new polyfunctional derivatives of cytisine alkaloid containing pharmacone groups including heterocyclic fragments were obtained. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of the data of mass spectrometry, ¹Н NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structural analysis. Some features of the spatial structure of cytisine were established. The data obtained in the investigation of the biological activity of the synthesized derivatives are presented.

Main catalytic processes and fuel types are described inherent in the production of hydrogen for low-temperature fuel cells. Different types of solid membranes for extracting hydrogen from gas mixtures are considered. Descriptions of new membrane reactors are presented and the prospects for their use in hydrogen energy engineering are assessed.

Experimental data on water-assisted migration of uranium and microelements that are satellites of gold, from the dumps formed during exploration works in 1960–1970 at the territory of gold and uranium deposits of the Elkon horst (Yakutia) are presented. Investigations were carried out using a complex of methods including X-ray fluorescence analysis with the synchrotron radiation, semiconductor high-precision gamma spectrometry, scintillation gamma spectrometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis etc. It was established that the excavation dumps are the objects of increased ecological risk.

A method is proposed for making a composite material based on a molecular mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene and SiO₂ via absorbing the on thermal decomposition products of ammonium hexafluorosilicate and polytetrafluoroethylene in ammonia water. Using XRD diffraction analysis, it was evidenced that there is of SiO₂ molecular distribution observed in the composite structure. An influence of the compound introduced upon the yield of fluorosilicon composite output from the gas phase was studied

Assessing the activity of monoamine oxidase enzyme was performed for the reactions of serotonin, tryptamine and benzylamine deamination in different groups of animals according the ratio between the maximum deamination rate (w_max) and the Michaelis constant (KM). For the representatives of mammalian species studied the ratio of w_max/KM ranges within 1.0–3.6, for birds this range is wider amounting to 0.4–5.0, for fish this value ranges within 0.3–1.8. It was demonstrated that increasing the concentrations of substrates (up to 10^–2 mol/L) or temperature (up to 42 °С) promotes the enzyme activation.

Kinetic laws inherent in the sorption of praseodymium (III) ions from sulphate solutions on mordenite containing tuff. Kinetic parameters for the sorption process were determined, and constructed absorption isotherms for praseodymium ions were obtained. It has been established that the rate-determining stage is presented both by external and internal diffusion. From dilute solutions (<0.002 mol/L) praseodymium can be extracted to a complete extent.

The kinetics of mullitization of kyanite samples, both initial and mechanically activated in high-energy grinding devices within temperature range 1273–1573 K was investigated. It was shown that the kinetics of kyanite mullitization formally corresponds to the equation of monomolecular decomposition. The activation energy of this transformation is (630±10) kJ/mol. It was established that mechanical activation of kyanite accelerates mullitization processes during subsequent thermal treatment. The yield of mullite per unit surface area is almost two times higher for mechanically activated sample than for non-activated one. Possible mechanism of mullitization process and technological aspects of the implementation of this process in industry are discussed.

Using dynamic light scattering technique, studying the destruction process were performed for the agglomerates of electro-explosion aluminium nitride nanopowder composition Al/AlN under ultrasonic dispersing in isopropyl alcohol. The average size of the initial agglomerates amounts to ~5.4 μm. It has been demonstrated that under the conditions of dispersing under investigation the initial agglomerates are disintegrated to produce a particle size of about 0.5 μm. No destruction resulting in primary particles of 40–80 nm in size is observed. It is demonstrated that the deagglomeration exerts a considerable effect upon the chemical reactivity of the aluminium nitride nanopowder composition in the reaction with water. It has been established that the size of the precursor particles exerts a substantial effect on the formation of a modifying nanostructured porous coating on polymeric fibres and on adsorption properties of the fibrous sorbent based the mentioned coating.

A process of purifying complex multicomponent technological solutions with the use of a combined sorption-and-electrochemical method was studied. By the example of processing the technological solutions from the Belovo Zinc Plant and from the sulphuric acid workshop of the Ural Mining and Processing Company, a potentiality of combined using the adsorption and electrochemical stages for efficient extracting of HMI and arsenic up to attaining required MPC standards for discharging the solutions into a sewage system was demonstrated. This allows reducing to a significant extent the hazard inherent in the wastewaters and technological solutions, improving the environmental situation around the enterprises and reducing the metal loss.

With the use of X-ray diffraction, SEM, XFA, IR spectroscopy, and a Cryogenic High Field Measurement System we studied the composition, structure, properties of powders of iron ore concentrate from the Mikhailovskiy OMPE with a view to its use as a magnetic adsorbent for removing oil from the surface of water. It was demonstrated that the specific surface of the concentrate is equal to 1.5 m²/cm³, the concentrate exhibiting hydrophobic properties due to the formation of carbon on the surface thereof after the pyrolysis of the flotation reagent and starch resulting from drying at 800 °С. The specific magnetic saturability of the concentrate is 2.3 times higher than the specific magnetic saturability of pure magnetite, which could be caused by the penetration of iron atoms from the equipment into the interior of the concentrate particles (1 μm from the surface) as a result of the procedures of extraction, grinding, of dry and wet magnetic separation and flotation in the course of obtaining the concentrate. It was noted that the oil exhibits weak magnetic properties due to the presence of natural and man-made magnetic substances therein. After adding 1–5 % of the concentrate the specific magnetic saturability of hydrocarbons reaches 0.6–3 A · m²/kg. Ways to use the concentrate are under discussion.

Two variants are presented for the hydrometallurgical extraction of rhenium from the solutions of complicated composition, obtained via recycling the wastes of multicomponent refractory alloy ZhS-32. The applying of both schemes results in the formation of AR-0 grade NH₄ReO₄. The yield of the metal amounts to 99.2 % from the initial metal content in the alloy. The techniques used allow performing a single stage separation of the rhenium from impurity metals with eliminating the channels of the irretrievable loss thereof.

Chemical composition of assimilating organs of Pinus Sylvestris and Betula pubescens in the zone affected by the GMK Pechenganikel JSC situated in the northwest of the Murmansk Region near the borders of Finland, Norway and Russia was studied. Anomalously high concentrations of copper and nickel in the leaves (needles) of trees under the conditions of technogenic pollution were revealed. Insufficient provision of pine needles with nutrition elements – phosphorus and potassium – was discovered. Higher concentrations of copper, nickel and sulphur in comparison with their concentrations in pine needles were detected.

Effect of mechanical activation of the powder mixture 3Fe + Al on the structure of mechanocomposites and their evolution during self-propagating high-temperature synthesis was investigated. It was shown that substantial decrease of the temperatures of heat evolution start typical for thermal explosion and the critical temperature of thermal explosion of preliminarily activated mixtures is connected with the presence of regions with fine layered structure in agglomerates, while the heterophase character of synthesis products is due to relatively low maximal synthesis temperature. It was established that mechanical activation of the systems Fe–Al leads to a substantial increase in the catalytic activity of Fe₃Al intermetallide during methane conversion into synthesis gas, and also to an increase in the conversion degree of CH₄ and CO₂ to 93 and 91 %, respectively. In the case of the sample without mechanical activation, these parameters are only 15 and 53 % for CH₄ and CO₂, respectively.