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Chemistry for Sustainable Development

2003 year, number 5

1.
Natural Halogenated Macrolides, Tetracyclines and Quinones

VALERY M. DEMBITSKY1 and GENRICH A. TOLSTIKOV2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P. O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 (Israel)
E-mail: dvalery@cc.huji.ac.il
2Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) E-mail: gtolstik@nioch.nsc.ru
Pages: 687-695

Abstract >>
Natural halogenated macrolides, tetracyclines and quinones comprise three small groups of natural antibiotics which were isolated from microorganisms, plants, fungi and marine organisms. The structures of about 86 compounds are considered and the data on their biological activity are described.



2.
Natural Halogenated Furanones, Higher Terpenes and Steroids

VALERY M. DEMBITSKY1 and GENRICH A. TOLSTIKOV2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy,
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P. O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 (Israel)
E-mail: dvalery@cc.huji.ac.il
2Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) E-mail: gtolstik@nioch.nsc.ru
Pages: 697-703

Abstract >>
Natural halogenated furanones, higher terpenes and steroids comprising three relatively small groups of natural compounds were isolated mainly from sea organisms, as well as from some plant species. The structures of about 90 compounds are considered and the data on the biological activity of some of them are presented.



3.
Increasing the Nitrification Capacity of Chestnut Soil under the Influence of Lanthanum-Containing Microfertilizers

NADEZHDA E. ABASHEEVA1, NINA M. KOZHEVNIKOVA2, MARIA G. MERKUSHEVA1, LYUDMILA N. BOLONEVA1 and ZOYA A. SOLDATOVA1
1Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Sakhyanovoy 6, Ulan-Ude 670047 (Russia) E-mail: ioeb@bsc.buryatia.ru
2Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Sakhyanovoy 8, Ulan-Ude 670047 (Russia)
Pages: 705-710

Abstract >>
New efficient lanthanum-containing microfertilizers rendering biopositive prolonged action to nitrification capacity of chestnut soil are obtained by sorption technology. Lanthanum-containing microfertilizers increase the productivity of peas green mass, pepper and tomato fruitage improving their feed and nutritional qualities due to increase in the content of general and protein nitrogen, saccharides, ascorbic acid.



4.
Mineralization of Formic Acid by the OHВ· and HO2В· Intermediates Generated in situ from H2O and H2O2 in a Membrane-Free Electrolyser in Electrolytes with Different pH

IRINA S. VASILIEVA and VASILIY L. KORNIENKO
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. K. Marxa 42, Krasnoyarsk 660049 (Russia) E-mail: kvl@icct.ru
Pages: 765-769

Abstract >>
The conditions of indirect destructive oxidation of formic acid to CO2 and H2O by OH· and HO2· intermediates generated from water and hydrogen peroxide in an electrolyser without a membrane in the electrolytes with different pH are described. The effect of cathode current density and pH of the medium on the conversion of formic acid is investigated. It is shown that the conversion of formic acid in acidic electrolytes is higher than in alkaline ones and accounts for 99 % at pH 3.2.



5.
Solubility of the Preparations of Succinic Acid Obtained Mechanochemically

IRINA A. VORSINA, VERA A. TARASOVA, ANTONINA P. BARINOVA and NIKOLAY Z. LYAKHOV
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry,
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18,
Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia) E-mail: barinova_ap@mail.ru
Pages: 771-774

Abstract >>
The kinetics of detachment of the acid anions and their transfer into solution is investigated for the preparations of succinic acid obtained mechanochemically. It is established that under the experimental conditions this process goes on almost completely within 1 min for the composites based on talc and for the known pharmaceutical preparations «Yantar-antitox» and «Yantarnaya kislota» (succinic acid). Dissolution of the composites based on kaolinite occurs gradually during 20 min and depends on activation time. The reasons of differences in the solubility of preparations are discussed.



6.
Direct Measurements of Cadmium, Lead and Copper in Whole Blood Using the Stripping Voltammetric Method with Modified Thick-Film Graphite Electrodes

NINA F. ZAKHARCHUK1, SVETLANA YU. SARAEVA2, LUDMILA I. KOLYADINA2, OLGA I. SUDAEVA1 and KH'ENA Z. BRAININA2
1Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) E-mail: nzak@che.nsk.ru
2Ural State University of Economy, Ul. 8-go Marta 62, Ekaterinburg 620219 (Russia) E-mail: baz@usue.ru
Pages: 775-786

Abstract >>
The existing methods for measurement of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) in whole blood need expensive complicated equipment, require preliminary destruction of the blood matrix, and generally cannot provide the necessary detection limit. We have reported the use of the stripping voltammetric method with modified thick-film electrodes for the analysis of whole blood and its fractions. The said electrodes, a quick potential sweep rate, and recording of differential voltammograms excluded extremely toxic mercury and its soluble salts from analysis, made the operations of the solution deaeration and chemical and electrochemical sample pretreatment unnecessary, and allowed decreasing the volume of test samples to 25



7.
Obtaining the Films of ZrO2, HfO2, SnO2 from the Solutions of Complex Compounds

VLADIMIR V. KOZIK, SVETLANA A. KUZNETSOVA and LYUDMILA P. BORILO
Tomsk State University, Prospekt Lenina 36, Tomsk 634050 (Russia) E-mail: kooz2001@mail.ru
Pages: 711-714

Abstract >>
The films based on the oxides of zirconium (IV), hafnium (IV) and tin (IV) were obtained from the film-forming solutions of complex compounds of these metals with acetylacetone. Their properties are investigated. Optimal obtaining conditions were established using the results of thermal and X-ray phase analysis.



8.
Effect of Mechanochemical Treatment on Supramolecular Structure of Brown Coal

PETER N. KUZNETSOV, LYUDMILA I. KUZNETSOVA, ALEXANDER N. BORISEVICH and NINA I. PAVLENKO
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. K. Marxa 42, Krasnoyarsk 664049 (Russia) E-mail: kuzpn@krsk.info
Pages: 715-721

Abstract >>
Mechanical treatment of brown coal in a centrifugal planetary mill causes partial destruction of cross-linking in the organic mass, mainly oxygen-containing groups. As a result, substantial changes occur in the molecular structure, the amount of graphite-like phase decreases, a sharp increase in the flexibility of macromolecular chains is observed, the rate of penetration of the THF molecules into the organic matter, its swelling ability and the yield of soluble substances. Transport of THF molecules in mechanically treated coal occurs mainly due to relaxation vibrations of the macromolecular chains.



9.
Investigation of Polydispersion Characteristics of Humic Acid Molecules by Means of Luminescence Spectroscopy

NIKOLAY L. LAVRIK
Institute of Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) E-mail: lavrik@ns.kinetics.nsc.ru
Pages: 723-725

Abstract >>
A simple method of discrimination for the molecules of humic acids (HA) with respect to their dispersion states is proposed. The method is based on non-uniformity of the contour of HA luminescence spectra and involves the determination dependence of the position of maximum in the fluorescence spectrum obs on the wavelength in the maximum of fluorescence excitation spectrum or determination of the dependence of onobs. The applicability of the method is demonstrated with several samples of aqueous solutions of HA.



10.
Magnetic Sorbents Obtained by Mechanochemical Treatment of Quartz-Containing Mixtures

N. N. MOFA, O. V. CHERVYAKOVA, T. A. KETEGENOV and Z. A. MANSUROV
Institute of Combustion Problems, Ul. Bogenbay batyra 172,
Almaty 480012 (Kazakhstan) E-mail: icp@nursat.kz
Pages: 727-733

Abstract >>
Mechanochemical treatment of quartz and its mixtures with ash-slag and iron oxides in the presence of various modifying additives (alcohols, activated carbon, polystyrene) was carried out. The dependence of specific surface, density and specific pore volume of quartz-containing mixtures on the time of treatment and a kind of modifying additive was investigated. Quartz and mixtures based on it exhibit ferromagnetic properties and are distinguished by good sorption ability toward organic substances. The synthesized sorbents were used to collect petroleum spill over water; high water purification degree (up to 98 %) was achieved.



11.
Obtaining Bromine from the Brines of the Siberian Platform by Means of Non-Diaphragm Electrolysis

ALEXANDER D. RYABTSEV, NIKOLAY M. NEMKOV, LYUDMILA A. SERIKOVA, NATALIA P. KOTSUPALO and SERGEY V. SUDAREV
Ekostar-Nautech Ltd., P.O. Box 86, Novosibirsk 630075 (Russia) E-mail: kotsu@mail.nsk.ru
Pages: 741-747

Abstract >>
A technology of electrochemical oxidation of bromide and chloride ions present in the brines of calcium chloride type involving an electrolyzer without a diaphragm is proposed. This technology allows one to obtain active chlorine from the initial raw material and to exclude transportation of liquid chlorine to consumption sites. It is proposed to use an excess of chlorine formed during electrolysis to oxidize bromide ions in the fresh portions of brine.



12.
Distribution of Polarization and Thickness of Reaction Region in Porous Water-Proofed Electrodes in the Intrakinetic Mode

YURI V. SALTYKOV and VASILIY L. KORNIENKO
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. K. Marxa 42, Krasnoyarsk 660049 (Russia) E-mail: kvl@icct.ru
Pages: 749-753

Abstract >>
The analysis of the solution of the differential equation for a porous electrode operating in the intrakinetic mode under exponential kinetics is carried out. The distribution of polarization and thickness of the reaction region in porous water-proofed electrodes of different thickness operating under the same conditions is considered. A more accurate formulation of the intermediate-thickness electrode is presented; its specific features in comparison with a thick and a thin electrode are analyzed.



13.
Solvent Extraction of Differently Charged Aquanitro Forms of Rhodium (III) with Reference to the Recovery of the Fission Rhodium from Nitrate-Nitrite Solutions

VLADIMIR V. TATARCHUK, TAMARA M. KORDA, ASYA N. TATARCHUK and VLADISLAV G. TORGOV
1Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) E-mail: tat@che.nsk.su
Pages: 755-764

Abstract >>
The approach to the search for efficient solvent extraction systems for fission rhodium is substantiated experimentally on the basis of characterization of the prevailing forms of rhodium differing in charge sign (cationic, anionic and neutral) in nitrate-nitrite solutions and their reactivity toward the coordination and anion-exchange extractants. The most promising processes are those involving coordination extraction of the [Rh(NO2)3(H2O)3] form, which is relatively stable in nitric solutions and can be obtained by nitration of the initial solutions. Rhodium is solvent extracted by 96



14.
Effect of Reaction Medium on Hydrothermal Stability of Mesostructured Silicate Material MCM-41

VLADIMIR. A. PARFENOV and SERGEY D. KIRIK
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. K. Marxa 42, Krasnoyarsk 660049 (Russia) E-mail: kirik@icct.ru
Pages: 735-740

Abstract >>
For the example of sequential replacement of equivalent reagents, the effect of the reaction medium on the formation of mesostructured silicates of MCM-41 type is studied. It is shown that the reagents providing pH of the medium, solubility of the main interacting reagents can substantially affect the rates of hydrolysis and polymerization of silica, as well as enhance or weaken osmosis in the pores thus affecting the formation of the structure of a substance and finally its hydrothermal stability.