QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF EVAPORATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA
V.N. Makarov1, A.F. Zhirkov1, V.P. Osipov2, S.A. Markova1
1Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia
2Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric precipitation, evaporation, chemical composition of precipitation, frozen ground, permafrost zone
Abstract
The results of a study of the relationship between evaporation from the soil surface and atmospheric precipitation during the warm seasons of 2015-2016 and 2019 at the Tyimaada geocryological research station in Central Yakutia are analyzed. The volumes of evaporation from the soil surface and precipitation›s amount and chemical composition were studied. The average evaporation was 1.37 (0.33-3.13) mm/day, exceeding precipitation by about 40%. The intensity of evaporation was especially high in the first month of the warm season (May), which was associated with the thawing of frozen soil and the seepage of meltwater from snow into the seasonally thawed layer. The bicarbonate calcium chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation during the summer remained stable, but the degree of mineralization decreased by 20-40% by autumn. The content of most chemical elements in precipitation was higher in May-June and decreased in the second half of the warm season. The greatest contrasts in the concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, sodium, and ammonium in the atmospheric precipitation were observed during the periods of maximum and minimum evaporation from the soil surface.
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