MAPPING THE IMPACT OF MINING PRODUCTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND LIFE-SUSTAINING ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION OF THE BAIKAL-MONGOL REGION
A.D. ABALAKOV1,2, N.B. BAZAROVA1
1V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, ul. Ulan-Batorskaya, 1, Russia
abalakovirk@mail.ru
2Irkutsk State University, 664003, Irkutsk, ul. Karla Marksa, 1, Russia
Keywords: горнодобывающая промышленность, население, хозяйство, взаимодействие, экологическая оценка, картографирование, mining, population, economy, interaction, environmental assessment, mapping
Abstract
The development of mineral and raw-material resources is accompanied by persistent negative changes in the environment, which threaten the state of ecological systems, health and economic activity of the population. In the Baikal-Mongolian region, various types of minerals are being developed. We identified areas where natural and socio-economic complexes were disturbed under the influence of mining, or the disturbance is forecasted. We proposed a model that reflects the main directions and stages of the study. Examined are the issues of the influence of the mining industry of the Baikal-Mongolian region on the human environment and the livelihoods of the population, which are understood as everyday activities of people, their work and leisure, quality of life and environment, environmental safety. We also presented a method for technogenic impact assessment. A series of maps compiled using high-resolution satellite images and geographic information technologies were developed. The maps show the consequences of the impact on economic activity, public health, specially protected natural areas, spa facilities and health and recreation facilities. A new direction is considered related to the development of mining and geological tourism. An environ mental assessment was carried out taking into account various indicators - impact indicators, considering different types of raw materials, mining conditions and methods. Special attention is given to the types and purpose of the mine workings, areas of disturbed lands, volumes of overburden and raw materials, their toxicity degree, distance from the pollutant, nature of distribu tion and migration of chemical elements. The approaches of a systematic analysis of the geographical environment developed and implemented by a prominent academic Vladimir Vasilievich Vorobyev was further strengthened in this work. His works are based on an anthropocentric concept, according to which the interaction of nature and society is considered in the interests of man, provides sustainable socially-oriented territorial development of our country and its regions.
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