Home – Home – Jornals – Philosophy of Sciences 2021 number 1

The work is devoted to important aspects of the cardinal phenomenon of scientific and philosophical thought, with other words cosmism, or cosmic thinking, which began to form in the late XIX - early XX centuries and continues to develop today. The work reveals the actual problem of understanding two main ways of knowledge - empirical scientific and metascientific (the comprehension of objects and phenomena by a person through his inner, spiritual, space), the synthesis of which is presented in the works of Russian scientists and cosmist philosophers. This synthesis is a new system of knowledge, which is the subject of research and allows us to understand a phenomenon or process in the most complete and deep way. This understanding is particularly relevant, because science faces a number of major problems that cannot be explained in terms of traditional, outdated approaches. The relevance of comprehending the two above-mentioned means of cognition is due to the need for further qualitative development of science, which is associated with a deeper understanding of different states of substance of the surrounding reality. One side of this reality is grasped empirically, the other side is grasped non-empirically, intuitively, supersensibly, or in a metascientific way. These two sides are also enclosed in the person himself, which makes it inevitable that the two corresponding ways of knowledge will naturally manifest in him. Namely with the development of the internal culture of man, his spirit, the effectiveness of a multifaceted cognitive process, expanding his horizons is bound. Culture, or the process of development of the human spirit, is the main condition for metascientific cognition, as well as its fruitful synthesis with empirical science.