ETHNO-CULTURAL APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN TUVINIANS
M.G. Chukhrova1, G.I. Atamanova2,3,4, S.D. Homushku5, S.D. Yudina6, A.S. Chukhrov7
1Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
2Tuva state University, Kyzyl, Russian Federation
3Kyzyl pedagogical Institute, Kyzyl, Russian Federation
4Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
5Research Institute of medical and social problems and management of the Republic of Tuva, Kyzyl, Russian Federation
6Siberian Institute of Management (branch of RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
7Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: Этническая культура, культурно-исторический подход, тувинцы, профилактика алкоголизма, хоомэй, Ethnic culture, cultural-historical approach, Tuvans, alcoholism prevention, hoomei
Abstract
The aim of the study was to study ethnocultural factors that can contribute to the formation of alcohol dependence, and at the same time serve as reference points in the development of prevention programs. The inefficiency of the primary alcoholism prevention system in the Republic of Tuva is ascertained, which leads to an increase in the incidence of alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses. The capabilities of existing diagnostic and preventive measures are considered unsatisfactory. The research methodology was V.S. Vygotsky, who explains the existing problems with unsatisfactory social interactions. The provocative factors of alcoholization are the emotional characteristics of Tuvans and the specifics of their emotional response, which were optimal in the conditions of life within the steppe civilization, but in the post-modern world impede psychosocial adaptation. The article substantiates the culturally-related alexithymia associated with the predominant right hemisphere of the Tuvans, which complicates the communicative process, reduces psychological stability, and contributes to the appearance of anxiety, which generally provokes alcoholic motivations. The state of spiritual and psychosocial maladaptation is easily stopped by alcohol intake. The backbone of alcoholism can be considered an unconscious desire to get into the zone of personal comfort. Tuvinians are incompetent with respect to some national traditions, including the original rules for drinking alcohol. Particular emphasis is placed on reducing the widespread use of Tuvan throat singing, which has a harmonizing effect. Experimental data on the influence of khoomei on the psychoemotional state of Tuvans are presented. As part of the analysis, the possible directions of preventive measures are indicated. The main target of prevention of alcohol consumption among Tuvans is the formation of awareness.
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