PROBLEMS OF ETHNIC IDENTITY OF TUVINIANS AND FORMING A TOLERANT SOCIETY
V. V. Sobolnikov
Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: межэтнические отношения, титульный этнос, идентичность, толерантность, этническая напряженность, архаическое миропонимание, латентность процесса, стратегия толерантности, inter-ethnic relations, title ethnos, identity, tolerance, ethnic tensions, archaic world outlook, process latency, strategy of tolerance
Abstract
The article discusses the phenomena of ethno-identity and ethno-tolerance as universal inherencies of consciousness and behavior in their inter-relationship. Of scientific interest is the problem of ethno-identity in the context of the Tuvinian ethno-genesis, taking into account the specifics of their archaization and archetypal understanding of the world, peculiarities of mentality and the influence of the sought-for phenomenon on the subjective significance. The results of the study deepen the understanding of the studied phenomena, allowing one to summarize and systematize the data, determining the significance of the work. Our monographic study in Tuva on the sample of 997 people, conducted in 1998-2001, singled out the peculiarities of the formation of Tuva’s ethnic identity. There were identified 24% (Kyzyl) and 19.8 (Kyzyl kozhuun) of individuals with hyper-ethnic self-awareness. The subsequent monitoring of the ethno-confessional situation revealed an increase in ethnic tension. For this reason, during 2018-2019 an additional study was conducted on the sample of 370 respondents of the titular ethnic group. Its goal was to determine the tendency of forming the ethno-identity of the title ethnos over the past 15 years. The methodology included the systematic approach to establishing the Tuva’s ethno-identity through the structural components. We used general scientific, ethno-psychological and psychoanalytic methods, methods of “Types of Ethnic Identity”, “Ethnic Affiliation” (G. U. Soldatova and S. V. Ryzhova) and a memo for volunteers were. The venue was two ethno-contact regions (Kyzyl and Kyzyl kozhuun) of Russian and Tuvinian residence. The results of the empirical study showed that there was a decrease from 76% to 32% in the number of individuals with ethnic identity in the norm Two groups of recipients were allocated, whose self-awareness takes course in the form of ethnocentrism (28%) and ethno-isolationism (24%), which may determine the discourse of ethnic behavior in the future. The interrelation of the Tuvinians’ ethno-identity and their level of tolerance caused the need to develop a strategy for the formation of the latter. To this end, the authoritarian and dialogical strategies have been proposed. In the future, it is planned to develop ethno-confessional consciousness of Tuvinians.
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