AKADEMGORODOK AND STANDFORD: SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY IN THE INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS DURING 50TH-70TH OF THE XX CENTURY
Vladimir Semenovich Fedorov
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per 9, Dolgoprudniy, 141707, Moscow Region, Russia
Keywords: инновационные экосистемы, философия техники, инновации, высокие технологии, философия прикладных наук, история науки и техники, innovation ecosystem, philosophy of technology, innovation, high-tech, philosophy of applied science, history of science and technology
Abstract
Innovation ecosystem is defined as a system that fosters application of scientific knowledge to development of new technologies. The genesis and further development of two innovation ecosystems, Akademgorodok of Novosibirsk and Stanford University, is investigated. These ecosystems are similar during 50-th to 70-th: they share similar internal development dynamics and strategy, organization structure featuring a strong visionary leader, namely F. Terman and M. Lavrentiev, types of problems solved within the ecosystem. By the 1970, a novel ecosystem based on Stanford University ecosystem, so-called Sillicon Valley, was born. Contrasting to ecosystems of Stanford and Akademgorodok, the main function of the Sillicon Valley orgranization was not creation of new narrow-scoped technologies, but production of novel high-tech products. A high-tech product consists of multiple technologies and inteded for broad spectrum of applications. The notion of high-tech product is crucial for understanding of contemporary postindustrial mode of science-technology interaction, whilst the notion of ecosystem is crucial for understanding of the environment in which the interaction takes its place.
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