SCIENCE AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Anatoliy Ilyich Rakitov
Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 51/21 Nakhimovsky Ave., Моsсow, 117997, Russia
Keywords: философия науки, наука, критика философии науки, эпистемологический квадрат, парадигма, синтагма, ревизия философии науки, philosophy of science, science, criticism of the philosophy of science, epistemological square, paradigm, syntagma, revision of the philosophy of science
Abstract
A number of scientists and philosophers have expressed doubts about the usefulness of the philosophy of science to scientists. The most special sciences do not provoke philosophical reflection. There is no exact definition of science, properly applicable to all special scientific disciplines. The epistemological square is proposed as a more clear analytical structure of the philosophical problems of science. It allows to organize the relationship, the genesis, the functioning of the laws, hypotheses, problems, methods, empirical facts, extensive taxa and highly specialized sciences. There are marked restrictions of T. Kuhn’s concept of paradigms. In many special sciences no revolution occurred. In the proposed “syntagm” concept the knowledge is borrowed from different disciplines and applies to solve new non-standard scientific problems and tasks. The thorough epistemological, logical and methodological analysis of the philosophy of science itself is necessary.
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