Home – Home – Jornals – Professional Education in the Modern World 2019 number 4

The article considers social engineering activities, identifies the goal, object, subject and mechanism for their implementation. It shows that social engineering is a multidimensional activity aimed at maintaining and reproducing the integrity of systems or their purposeful transformation. The article presents the main areas of social engineering (social engineering research, design, organizational, technological and consultative management activities), and the corresponding professional qualifications (social analyst, social design specialist, social technologist and management consultant). The article reveals that in Russia there are no professional standards in this area, there are no (in their pure form) areas of vocational training, and therefore it is possible to introduce social engineering only regarding specializations and profiles in related vocational education areas. It is noted that the new federal state standards of higher education expand the boundaries of implementing social engineering in the educational process; the presented requirements for the formation of universal and general professional competencies correspond to the main areas of social engineering activity. The article establishes that the work on social projects as a specific type of interdisciplinary activity aimed at preventing, minimizing or completely resolving specific social problems, is an important element of training in the field of social engineering. It is also shown that the range of socially significant projects is quite wide: from scientific-educational to cultural-educational and charitable. It is proved that the ability to plan, organize and implement social projects is a necessary component of the vocational education of social analysts, designers, technologists and consultants. As an example, the article presents the results of the work on forming the social engineering model in the framework of educational profiles that are implemented at the Institute of Social Engineering at Federal State Budget Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology”.

The problem of forming digital literacy of society is considered through the created socio-cultural prerequisites for the implementation of digitalization programs in different countries. It is shown that the existing methods for the analysis of digital involvement allow fixing the existing "digital gap", but do not answer the question of ways to preserve human capital in peripheral regions. In particular, it is shown that the implementation of the "knowledge society" concept becomes a reality only for those countries whose management system has been coordinated at the state and regional levels, and has been able to implement the principles of openness and accessibility in the field of education and information technology. The implementation of these principles makes it possible to build a more flexible education system, which will create socio-cultural prerequisites for remote and less developed regions to solve the country's new tasks of creating universal digital literacy and neutralizing social problems caused by increasing digital inequality. The interdisciplinary research uses institutional, functional and socio-cultural approaches. The conclusions are illustrated by the results of quantitative assessment of the main parameters used to determine the level of digitalization of society.

The authors try to comprehend the features of promising areas of the processes of informatization and digital transformation of education as a complex phenomenon. Using the theoretical concepts of complexity created in Russian and foreign philosophical thought, the authors prove the need to develop integrative approaches to assessing the transformations that take place in the process of informational changes in the sphere of education. The comparative analysis of existing models of the «сomplex vision» of education in the process of its digital transformation and a critical review of its content revealed the advantages and disadvantages of using the principles of epistemology of complexity in the study of education. Education is a sphere of cognitive complication, where the development of creative and adaptive competencies necessary for successful implementation of activities in the conditions of the high-rate variability of the social environment takes place. Systematic update of the results and content of education, methods and organizational forms of academic work requires understanding of the complexity of this complicated process, since the changes in each of the components are interlinked, mutually complement and support each other. Orientation to the procedural rather than the substantial nature of the phenomena of the educational sphere should be ascribed to the advantages of the complexity approach to studying transformations of the educational sphere. Understanding the complexity of education involves addressing the organizational specifics of educational processes, the development of educational environment and pedagogical technologies. The study of the transformation of education as a complex phenomenon involves the organization of interdisciplinary interaction aimed at the synthesis and interaction of diverse forms of reflection and study of education, which involves the use of transdisciplinarity principles.

The authors of the study note that modern practitioners and theorists of education in pedagogy, psychology, cybernetics and other sciences state the productivity of the application of constructionist ideas and the development of constructionist education technologies. Constructivism pays special attention to the fact that the main goal of modern education (education in the post-postmodern era) is the development of increasingly challenging and complex forms of consciousness and activity. Constructivism also pays special attention to the formulation and resolution of problems of education and professional work within the framework of the truth essence concept, the role of time and space in its comprehension or creation in the dialogue of people and groups. The authors consider the main problems of constructivist interpretation of education, as well as the supports and possibilities of introducing a constructionist approach at the level of ideology, methodology and education technologies; they reveal the functions and ways of implementing the functions of training and education based on the concept of education “platform”. The aim of the work was the analysis of the features of the constructivist interpretation of education, the description by the constructivists of the leading functions and the main ways of carrying out the functions of training and education by teachers and instructors. The authors believe that the constructionist model of education, as well as approaches similar to it (interactive or intersubjective, problem or genetic, contextual or meta-disciplinary) can and should become the focus of attention of researchers, including in the context of systematic methodological, theoretical, empirical and applied research.

The article considers and compares two cognitive constructs - "converted forms" and "inverse relations" - in relation to educational activity. Inversions are understood as a form of relations in hierarchical systems, in which the lowest hierarchical element acquires a dominant value, while remaining at the same time in the same subordinate position. Previously converted forms were treated as a result of some accomplished transformation. In this study, the converted forms are presented as a result of inversion. There are many examples where the relationship between the concepts of "transformed forms" and "inversions" can be demonstrated. In a converted form it is possible to recognize, as a rule, the initial form existing before the transformation. Of particular importance are transformed forms in education. Thus, in many cases, there are transformed forms of educational activity, both on the part of students and teachers. For example, cramming becomes the converted form of educational activity on the part of students. It appears as a result of inversion, when the results of pedagogical control are put first in academic activity. With this inversion, the learning process is sacrificed to control. Training is not for future professional activities, but for the exam. Educational activity gets transformed in the case when emotions caused by the learning process, but not achieving the goal, come to the fore in the student’s activity The result is academic procrastination. Here educational activity (or any other purposeful activity) also acquires its converted form, namely pastime. Finally, the transformed form of educational activity is generated by the inversion of goals on the part of controlling authorities. As a result, the activity of the teacher is not to prepare students, but to meet the requirements for the accreditation of educational institutions.

The directions and prospects for the development of managerial work and the roles of managers during the change of the fifth technological paradigm to the sixth one, expected in the 2020s, and during the beginning of the development of the sixth technological paradigm, expected in the 2030s, are analyzed. Based on expert assessments, the dynamics of managerial roles allocated by Henry Mintzberg was evaluated, including the roles of: manager, figurehead, leader, liaison, information receiver, information distributor, representative, entrepreneur, conflict and problem tamer, resource distributor, negotiator. The general forecast of the expected dynamics of interpersonal management roles, information management roles and management roles associated with decision-making expected in the 2020-2030s is presented. The forecast was made on the basis of the consideration of objective laws of changes in management concepts associated with the small (10-year) cycles of economic activity by K. Zhuglyar within the framework of large (50-year) cycles of economic activity by Kondratiev, focusing on the concept of the combinatorial approach to management, expected to be dominating in the 2020s, and on the management concept based on the use of human capital, expected as the basis for the economy of the 2030s. It is shown that the actualization of the majority of the roles of managers allocated according to G. Mintzbeng's classification, is expected during the global economic crisis of the 2020s. It is predicted that in the 2020s during the period of the global economic crisis, the following managerial roles in the organization will be most demanded (according to G. Mintzberg): the role of liaison, the role of information receiver and the role of conflict and problem tamer. It is also predicted that in the 2030s, during the period of the beginning of economic activity growth within the framework of the sixth technological order, the most demanded managerial roles in the organization (according to G. Mintzberg) will be: the role of a leader, the role of information disseminator and the role of entrepreneur.

The study is devoted to the role of self-determination of personality in online education, which is relevant due to the availability of digital technologies, as well as the growing demand for distance e-learning. Online education is a popular way of spreading knowledge by leading universities around the world. Technological awareness, motivation and students’ personal choice are prerequisites for the successful implementation of e-learning. In order to promote the effectiveness of e-learning systems, the authors offer several recommendations of relevance to researchers and practitioners. The authors raise questions about how to integrate self-determination theory, which postulates the interconnection between motivation and a person's need for autonomy, into the structure of online courses. The authors note: motivation to learn can lead to many academic and socio-emotional improvements among students. In order to understand how student’s involvement is applied in distance education, you must first determine how online learners interpret involvement for themselves. In this qualitative study, twenty-eight graduate students were interviewed, which allowed the authors to get the students’ own idea about the participation in online courses required for distance education programs. Using the constructivist approach, the authors revealed how online learners determine their own participation in the online learning environment. With the help of the conducted research, it was found that graduate students define themselves in online courses through final works, communication with the teacher and fellow students. In addition, online learners mainly note the following stimulating factors in online courses: video lectures and discussion platforms. The study also identified certain motivations and a problem associated with online learning, which is determined by the reluctance of graduate students to be involved in online learning. The experience shared by graduate students leads the authors to the conclusion that effective teaching of online students requires interactive cooperation, taking into account the graduate students' own ideas about the involvement processes. The results of this study provide an opportunity to develop resources to improve web design and communication with online students on virtual learning platforms. The findings can be applied across disciplines to introduce practices that aim to increase student engagement and satisfaction in online educational programs.

Introduction. The socio-philosophical and philosophical-legal analysis of the processes of law components exchange (legal norms, articles, principles, parts of legislation, legal ideology, etc.) between legal systems (legal spheres) of different countries has shown that this exchange takes place both in history and modernity. Its comprehension first of all began in Western law, starting from the Middle Ages. The assimilation of law components by some countries from other countries is called the legal reception. Historically, from the Middle Ages to the present day, the reception of Roman law componets by European states has been the first and most widespread. But in the XX and especially at the beginning of the XXI centuries (in the era of globalization), the reception of the components of law in the system of interactions of simultaneously existing states, as well as the interactions of countries and the international legal environment, developed significantly. In this case, it became necessary to study the legal mechanisms and patterns of legal interchange of the law components on an international interaction scale, in the era of globalization. The purposes of the article are: to consider some patterns of interactions between legal systems of different countries and other legal entities, in the context of globalization (including legal receptions) from the standpoint of social philosophy; to identify the necessary categorical apparatus, to show the significance of introducing the results into professional legal (law) education. Methodology and research methods: dialectical and system-philosophical approaches, methods of legal comparative studies, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, integration of the results. Results. There have been investigated the interstate processes of legal systems components interchange which lead to carrying out the reception of law by some countries and donation of legal components from other countries and legal entities. This type of diverse supranational legal relations is designated and investigated in the article as the dialectic of the processes of legal receptivity and legal donation. Legal entities, participants in these processes, are designated as legal recipients and legal donors. The historically formed stages of legal receptivity are defined: in time parameters from the past to the present; in the time parameters of the present. Different types of classifications of legal receptions have been grouped (ten such types have been identified). The process of legal donation from leading countries and from international law has also been investigated; its main forms are defined as friendly, aggressive-aggressive, manipulative and competitive legal donation. It is shown that countries - non-independent legal recipients - are in the most dependent position. The specifics of legal reception - donation processes in modern Russian constitutionalism and in Russian law as a whole have been identified. Conclusion. The relevance of including the main laws of legal receptivity and legal donation as separate topics in professional legal education in the era of globalization is substantiated.

The article deals with the features and capabilities of the humanitarian disciplines as the tool for the formation of students' professional independence. The socio-philosophical and psychological-pedagogical aspects of professional independence of students of non-humanitarian universities are studied. The problem of the formation of educational and professional independence of students is presented at the theoretical and practical level. The research methodology is based on active and interactive elements and forms and a competence-activity approach. The authors refer to the study of S.I. Morozova on the nature, structure, levels of formation of educational and professional independence (EPI) of university students. EPI is an integral quality of a student’s personality, characterized by the ability to organize educational and professional activities aimed at mastering future profession and general cultural competencies on their own. It is considered that qualitative formation of the general cultural competencies among students of non-humanitarian universities, i.d. the ability to independently acquire knowledge, skills, the need for self-education is possible through humanitarian disciplines, organized self-educational activities of the students. Self-educational activity is an activity means student focused on improving his/her professional competencies and personality as well. The main parameters of self-educational activities are an independent search for materials, critical thinking, vision of the problem and its solving, and the ability to self-develop. Independent student’s work is considered to be a means of forming student’s interest in continuous self-education. In the article independent work is interpreted as one of the types of the learning process and one of the forms of its organization, aimed at the formation of educational and professional independence of students and contributing to the formation of a creative self-thinking person, ready for further professional activity and continuous self-education. The authors describe the experience of using interactive and active methods and forms of forming the educational and professional independence of students of non-humanitarian universities on the example of historical and philosophical disciplines.

The article considers new methods of work with educational certificates and, accordingly, the approaches to implementation of information technologies in the system of further education for the category of employees approaching the retirement age and having the need to continue full-time work both in the workplace and in new directions, in accordance with the grant support from the employment service with the appropriate set of job functions that are associated with working with large information data sets, as well as the ability to process information in digital projects. The main directions were defined for developing interaction between employment centers, educational organizations, pre-retirement employees working in enterprises of different ownership forms, given the requirements for current professionals in these industries in accordance with the job requirements in clusters, the introduction of occupational standards and Worldskills standards, and the continuation of the work of this category of persons with the use of information databases in their further labour activity . The process and technology of registration and issuance of educational certificates, as well as registration of the pre-retired for training in educational institutions for additional education programs is based on the formed requirements for their further work at enterprises of various forms of ownership, and their current work activities and the motivation of people approaching the retirement age for further professional education, in connection with labour activity prolongation, aimed both at strengthening social protection of this category of persons in the labour market, and at their mastering new competencies of digital elements and technologies application.

The article is devoted to the category of citizenship as a high level of social, political, moral maturity of a person. Socialization of the younger generations in the educational process, mainly in the course of history, develops the quality of citizenship among young people. However, for various reasons, the degradation of civilian qualities may subsequently occur. Emphasis is placed on the likelihood of civilian de-socialization. The emergence of group exclusivity among the establishment is due to the deformation of their civic dignity considered as a set of social and moral qualities and values. The history is rich in examples of civic de-socialization, which the history teacher honestly demonstrates to students. The emphasis is placed on the pattern of alienation of the ruling elite due to the decrease in the civic maturity of its members, the understanding of which is one of the results of the historical consciousness of young people.

In recent years, the problem of the development of the Arctic territories throughout the world has received very close attention, which is associated with their enormous potential that has not been sufficiently studied and developed so far. When studying the Arctic, a systematic approach should be used, considering a lot aspects of the effective functioning of the northern territories taken as a whole. When training personnel capable of working in the harsh northern conditions, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of work in the Arctic zone. It is necessary to develop new educational programs that are in demand by employers with a list of disciplines that form the professional competencies necessary for working in the extreme conditions of the Arctic. The purpose of the article is to show which specialists are required today to solve the priority tasks of the development of the Sakha Republic’s (Yakutia) northern and Arctic territories. While studying materials on the topic of the article, a combination of theories of the systemic and activity approaches to training personnel for work in the Arctic conditions was used. In addition to analyzing, comparing and summarizing the content of foreign and Russian scientific and informational sources relevant to the stated problem, organizational (comparative and complex), empirical (expert assessments, process analysis), qualitative data processing research methods were used to systematize the data. Theoretical analysis of the scientific, popular science, educational literature on the research topic was conducted; as well as analysis of educational and methodological documentation (curricula, basic professional educational programs, work programs of disciplines) and regulatory documents (federal state educational standard, professional standards, sample basic educational programs, instructional letters of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, etc.). The main features of the functioning of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation are considered. The priority tasks needed for the development of sectoral branches of the economy and social sphere in the Arctic territories of Russia have been identified. A list of graduates’ professional competencies that must be formed to work effectively in the harsh Arctic conditions was defined. The developed list of new master's programs and individual modules of disciplines that take into account the specifics of work in the Arctic, can be offered to other institutions of higher education for joint training of specialists.

Problem and purpose. The article reveals the problem of understanding the essence of the concept of «officer’s corporate culture» by cadets of the Russian Guards military institutions as a component of professional tasks effectiveness. We point out that the formation of corporate culture among cadets of the Russian Guards military institutions in the process of training in modern conditions is of particular topicality. The topicality is due to the fact that in difficult international relations the effectiveness of the performance of the Russian Guards’ units’ service and missions under the conditions of the permanently changing nature of wars, the expanding influence of terrorist and extremist threats within the country, directly depends on the existence of a unified system of adopting corporate goals, values and relations. We ascertain the fact that the high level of the corporate culture of the officer, who is a carrier of professional goals, values and relations, allows us to optimally consolidate the efforts of the Russian Guards structural divisions and effectively fulfill the assigned combat missions. Nevertheless, despite the relevance of the presented problem, insufficient attention is paid to the formation of the officer’s corporate culture in the process of training at the Russian Guards institutions. The random application of forms, methods and tools, as well as their diversity, erodes the systematic picture of corporate culture formation, which subsequently affects the effectiveness of the performance of service and combat missions. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the study. The research was based on the methodology of unfinished proposals which allows us to determine on the basis of 4 questions, to which extent the cadets understand the essence of the officer’s corporate culture and its significance in the process of performing combat missions. On the basis of the study, it was possible to determine the conditions, forms, methods and means whose implementation as a whole and in conjunction will make it possible to solve the pedagogical task of understanding the essence of the concept of «officer’s corporate culture» by cadets.

Tasks of the article. The two collided systems of values - the traditional one, characterized by well-established, unshakable norms of life and values, which are the safe conduct of the state, and the liberal one, characterized by pragmatism, technocracy, individualism in close combination with egoism, changed the spiritual and psychological climate of society and the content of the inner life of a person, including the soldier. As a result, at present, there is a clear tendency towards the value reorientation and the formation of the most important professional and axiological qualities of the cadet, which correspond to the “new look” of the officer of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the research consists of the main scientific statements about the essence and theory of the value basis. Methods used in the research include the method of scientific literature analysis on the research problem, the method of comparative analysis and generalization of the experience of education of values among citizens, which made it possible to trace the tendencies of the formation of the most important professional and value qualities of the cadet, which correspond to the “new look” of the officer of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. Results and prospects of research. The article analyzes the following concepts: values, spiritual and moral values. The authors list the false values imposed by the West and suggest the ways of influencing the formation of professional and axiological qualities among the cadets of the national defense forces of the Russian Federation National Guard. Identified by the authors, the forms that contribute to the formation of professional and value qualities of cadets can be applied by teachers of military educational organizations, commanders (chiefs), contributing to the increase in the effectiveness of educational activities on the formation of a harmoniously developed, socially active personality, with deep and stable universal human moral values and patriotism.

The article is devoted to the regional aspect of the topical problem of modelling in modern agricultural education. We have identified the problems of human resourcing in agriculture in the Tomsk region and imperfections of the regional educational system in the agribusiness industry based on analysis of professional labor market and professional status in the current agricultural education system. We have concluded that there is a necessity of forming a new, efficient model of agricultural education. The authors have defined and formulated the requirements for the agricultural education system in the Tomsk region. The authors proposed to form in the Tomsk region a new model of agricultural education - a single educational space (cluster) with the coordinating and controlling function with the Industry Council of quality of professional education in agriculture. The proposed model will eliminate the currently existing contradictions between educational elements by establishing the relationships network.

The article discusses the mechanism of establishing the space of psychological trust in societies of various sizes and its potential in the context of the task of organizing economic cooperation both between residents of one village, and humanity as a whole. Many socio-political disasters in different regions of the world are economically motivated, which in turn is closely related to the development of social relations and ties in modern society. The methodological individualism and rational economic behavior lead to the growth of socio-economic inequality and tension in the world. There is an increase in the share of marginalized members and entire sections of society, and some states, striving at an intuitive level to change the existing world order in their favor. The Japanese concept «One village - one product» from the practice of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an illustrative example of a conflict-free resolution of the socio-economic inequality issue and, in general, inclusive development of problem regions in a single highly integrated economic system. But the practice of implementing the concept in many parts of the world is such that it is mistakenly perceived in terms of economics and administrative practices, while the developers insist that it is more psychology, sociology and philosophy.

The article raises the problem of the relationship of self-esteem with the effectiveness of the educational activities of university students. The influence of external and internal factors on the effectiveness of educational activities of students is considered. As factors external to the psychological structure of educational activity, such factors as the system of educational activity, the educational environment, teaching methods for academic subjects, a multifunctional didactic system of requirements for a school textbook, and a pedagogical style are analyanalyzed. The level and quality of development of cognitive abilities, learning ability, cognitive styles, self-esteem are the internal factors affecting the formation of educational activities.. The results of an empirical study on the relationship with the self-assessment of educational activities are presented. The methodological basis of the study is the personality-activity approach of L.S. Vygotsky, S.L. Rubinstein, A.N. Leontiev; theory of educational activity V.V. Davydova, D.B. Elkonin; the concept of mental regulation of activity developed in the research of B.G. Ananiev, A.K. Markova, D.A. Leontyev, A. Bandury, L.I. Bozhovich et al. The study applied methods for assessing the level of formation of educational activity (G.V. Repkina, E.V. Zaika), which relies on approaches to assessing the level of formation of educational activity, generalized in the work of A.G. Asmolova and the methodology for diagnosing self-esteem (Dembo-Rubinstein modified by A.M. Parishioners). As a result of an empirical study, various structures of the relationship between self-esteem and the effectiveness of educational activities for groups of students with high and low academic performance were obtained. Self-esteem among students with a high level of achievement correlates with such blocks of educational activity as motivational, goal-setting, and construction of educational activity. Self-esteem among students with a low level of achievement correlates with such blocks of educational activity as goal-setting, construction of educational activity, and control and evaluation.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate professional psychological tests in the diagnostics of a normal personality. This particular method is important for vocational education. The essence of such verification originated in ancient times and has undergone a number of radical improvements. Currently, there are hundreds of professional psychological tests that, together with the perception of a person, provide a psychologist with a reasonably reliable means for diagnosing a normal personality. Diagnostics of an abnormal personality has distinctive features that are significant for a clinical psychologist and psychiatrist. The content of the article reveals the history of the origin and application of battery tests in various fields of human activity. Virtually, foreign tests can reveal all the psychological qualities, properties and states of the individual. The interesting facts of the creation and development of professional tests in our country are given. Some Soviet and Russian developers had to overcome the biased attitude of bureaucratic structures to the method of psycho-diagnostics. Over time, everything fell into place. Russian professional psychologists have contributed to the development of professional psychological tests of the individual, group, team. Diagnostics in aviation and space psychology, as well as in managerial psychology formed separate branches. Tests of various personality structures, their character and abilities were created taking into account the concepts of researchers. Psycho-diagnostics can be used to form a workable team, establish social and psychological relationships, both horizontally and vertically. The article lifts the veil on the adequacy of the abilities and capabilities of the individual in the choice of profession. Sometimes low or high self-esteem of a person greatly influences their successful implementation in life and professional activity. At the level of society, this brings a certain discomfort and tension. Especially if a person made a mistake in choosing a profession and is out of place.

The article deals with the issue of maintaining the stress resistance of operators in the performance of official activities in conditions of immediate danger. This article highlights the stages of psychological research on the development of operators’ resistance to stress, reflects the features of the organization and conduct of psychological support of persons performing combat missions. The purpose of psychological support was to normalize the level of neuropsychological stability of the subjects and stabilize the psycho-emotional state. The main objective of the study is to identify the personal qualities of the subjects and the development of their skills of stress resistance in the conditions of official activity. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of development, system, subjectivity, the provisions of the activity approach, cultural and historical concept, personal approach. The study involved 27 respondents. The peculiarity of the sample is that the subjects were engaged in operator activities in the Novosibirsk region. The methods «MPQ Adaptability» by A. G. Maklakova, S. V. Chermenina and «P-profile» by G. Eysenck were used to measure the stress resistance dynamics development of the individual operators. Thus, the results of empirical research «before» and «after» the psychological support of operators were obtained. The characteristic personal qualities for the development of operators’ stress resistance skills in the conditions of immediate danger were revealed. It is important for people engaged in operator’s activities to develop such indicators of stress resistance as improving performance under the influence of various (light, thermal, etc.) stimuli, increasing moral interest in work, the formation of conscious discipline, improving physical and psychological preparedness for stressful situations, rational organization of work and rest regimes, observance of measures of personal and public hygiene, optimization of interaction with equipment by improving professional skills, etc.

The article discusses the phenomena of ethno-identity and ethno-tolerance as universal inherencies of consciousness and behavior in their inter-relationship. Of scientific interest is the problem of ethno-identity in the context of the Tuvinian ethno-genesis, taking into account the specifics of their archaization and archetypal understanding of the world, peculiarities of mentality and the influence of the sought-for phenomenon on the subjective significance. The results of the study deepen the understanding of the studied phenomena, allowing one to summarize and systematize the data, determining the significance of the work. Our monographic study in Tuva on the sample of 997 people, conducted in 1998-2001, singled out the peculiarities of the formation of Tuva’s ethnic identity. There were identified 24% (Kyzyl) and 19.8 (Kyzyl kozhuun) of individuals with hyper-ethnic self-awareness. The subsequent monitoring of the ethno-confessional situation revealed an increase in ethnic tension. For this reason, during 2018-2019 an additional study was conducted on the sample of 370 respondents of the titular ethnic group. Its goal was to determine the tendency of forming the ethno-identity of the title ethnos over the past 15 years. The methodology included the systematic approach to establishing the Tuva’s ethno-identity through the structural components. We used general scientific, ethno-psychological and psychoanalytic methods, methods of “Types of Ethnic Identity”, “Ethnic Affiliation” (G. U. Soldatova and S. V. Ryzhova) and a memo for volunteers were. The venue was two ethno-contact regions (Kyzyl and Kyzyl kozhuun) of Russian and Tuvinian residence. The results of the empirical study showed that there was a decrease from 76% to 32% in the number of individuals with ethnic identity in the norm Two groups of recipients were allocated, whose self-awareness takes course in the form of ethnocentrism (28%) and ethno-isolationism (24%), which may determine the discourse of ethnic behavior in the future. The interrelation of the Tuvinians’ ethno-identity and their level of tolerance caused the need to develop a strategy for the formation of the latter. To this end, the authoritarian and dialogical strategies have been proposed. In the future, it is planned to develop ethno-confessional consciousness of Tuvinians.

The aim of the study was to study ethnocultural factors that can contribute to the formation of alcohol dependence, and at the same time serve as reference points in the development of prevention programs. The inefficiency of the primary alcoholism prevention system in the Republic of Tuva is ascertained, which leads to an increase in the incidence of alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses. The capabilities of existing diagnostic and preventive measures are considered unsatisfactory. The research methodology was V.S. Vygotsky, who explains the existing problems with unsatisfactory social interactions. The provocative factors of alcoholization are the emotional characteristics of Tuvans and the specifics of their emotional response, which were optimal in the conditions of life within the steppe civilization, but in the post-modern world impede psychosocial adaptation. The article substantiates the culturally-related alexithymia associated with the predominant right hemisphere of the Tuvans, which complicates the communicative process, reduces psychological stability, and contributes to the appearance of anxiety, which generally provokes alcoholic motivations. The state of spiritual and psychosocial maladaptation is easily stopped by alcohol intake. The backbone of alcoholism can be considered an unconscious desire to get into the zone of personal comfort. Tuvinians are incompetent with respect to some national traditions, including the original rules for drinking alcohol. Particular emphasis is placed on reducing the widespread use of Tuvan throat singing, which has a harmonizing effect. Experimental data on the influence of khoomei on the psychoemotional state of Tuvans are presented. As part of the analysis, the possible directions of preventive measures are indicated. The main target of prevention of alcohol consumption among Tuvans is the formation of awareness.

The article provides a brief analysis of the approaches in ethnic psychology to identify the psychological appearance of an ethnos. From the theoretical point of view, the structure of the psychological appearance of an ethnos is a fundamental problem and is considered as a macro-system (poly-system) consisting of 3 levels (subsystems): upper - value (value orientations), medium - level of relations and lower - level of manifestation of mental processes, states and properties. One can consider the fourth level - psycho-physiological. It involves the study of the processes and states of a person: his perceptions, thinking, memory, emotions, etc. The traditional belief of Tuvinians, in particular, shamanism as a determinant, is a necessary condition for the development of the psyche of an ethnos. It manifests the diversity of the conditions of the ethnos being, its contacts with other people, the combination of moral, religious and other ethnic features.