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Chemistry for Sustainable Development

2019 year, number 3

1.
Supramolecular Systems for the Delivery of the Molecules of Medicinal Substances Based on Water-Soluble Plant Metabolites. Physicochemical, Pharmacological Properties and the Features of Mechanochemical Preparation

A. V. DUSHKIN1, E. S. METELEVA1, T. G. TOLSTIKOVA2, M. V. KHVOSTOV2,3, N. E. POLYAKOV1,4, N. Z. LYAKHOV1
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
4Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: системы доставки лекарств, механохимия, полисахариды, арабиногалактан, глицирризиновая кислота, сапонины, везикулярные системы, межмолекулярные комплексы, мембранная проницаемость, фармакокинетические характеристики, биодоступность, токсичность, фармакологическое действие, drug delivery systems, mechanochemistry, polysaccharides, arabinogalactan, glycyrrhizic acid, saponins, vesicular systems, intermolecular complexes, membrane permeability, pharmacokinetic characteristics, bioavailability, toxicity, pharmacological action
Pages: 206-216

Abstract >>
A brief review summarizes the results of integrated pharmacological and physicochemical studies carried out in the Russian Academy of Sciences, focused on the supramolecular systems for the delivery of the molecules of medicinal substances based on water-soluble plant metabolites - polysaccharides and glycyrrhizic acid, as well as its derivatives. The promising potential of the development of medicines, dietary supplements and plant protection products of increased efficiency and safety is shown. The advantages of the solid-phase mechanochemical technology for obtaining water-soluble compositions of poorly soluble drugs are demonstrated.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019129



2.
MECHANOEMISSION AND RELATED PHENOMENA - ELECTRON-HOLE FERROMAGNETISM IN NONMAGNETIC DIELECTRICS AND GAS-DUSTY PLASMA. POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS

V. V. ZYRYANOV
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: механоэмиссия, механохимия, ферромагнитный резонанс, ЭПР, заряженные аэрозоли, сепарация порошков, mechanoemission, mechanochemistry, ferromagnetic resonance, ESR, charged aerosols, separation of powders
Pages: 217-228

Abstract >>
Mechanoemission-related data obtained at the ISSCM SB RAS, and the most essential results from the literature are reviewed. The consequences of strong electron emission were recorded in the spectra of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic resonance at room temperature. Anisotropic noise-like spectra of ferromagnetic resonance with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 101-105 were observed after single acts of shock mechanical loading in a number of non-magnetic dielectrics, including NaF, KBr, NH4I, TiO2, Al (OH)3, and others. Ferromagnetism is associated with the formation of metastable electron-hole states resulting from charge separation in slip planes under mechanical loading of powders. The relationship between intense mechanoemission of electrons and the formation of the dynamic state, namely dense aerosol of charged particles (gas dusty plasma), is highlighted. The features of a new class of eco-engineering facilities with the general name Electro Mass Classifier (EMC) based on the generation and relaxation of gas-dusty plasma are described. The results of model experiments on EMC showing the complexity of the ongoing processes but allowing one, to a certain extent, to predict trends, implement scaling and optimization of the technique are presented. The most promising areas of EMC application are listed, including the separation of dielectric powders, semiconductors and metals within a wide range of particle sizes ~10-1-102 microns. In combination with planetary mills, EMC is used for nano-architectural design of composite materials. Effective removal of dust from fine natural and technogenic raw materials provides the possibility of dry selective separation.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019130



3.
MECHANOCHEMICALLY ASSISTED HYDROLYSIS OF BIOPOLYMERS IN FOOD INDUSTRY AND FEED PRODUCTION

I. O. LOMOVSKIY, O. I. LOMOVSKY
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: механохимия, растительное сырье, переработка, гидролиз биополимеров, биологическая активность, mechanochemistry, plant raw material, processing, biopolymer hydrolysis, biological activity
Pages: 229-237

Abstract >>
The works carried out at the ISSCM SB RAS on the mechanochemistry of biopolymers and related applications in plant raw material processing and feed preparation are reviewed. The main features of the cell structure and composition of plant materials essential for mechanochemical processing are considered. The possibility to use mechanochemical hydrolysis to process biopolymers (polysaccharides, proteins, polyphenols) for the production of digestible low molecular weight compounds was demonstrated, including the joint mechanochemical processing of the mixtures of powders of plant materials and solid reagents. Biologically active mechanochemical preparations were used in food processing technologies, and as part of feed to increase the productivity and improve the health of animals.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019131



4.
STUDY OF THE PHASE COMPOSITION AND ELECTROTRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF THE SYSTEMS BASED ON MONOAND DISUBSTITUTED PHOSPHATES OF CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM

V. G. PONOMAREVA1,2, I. N. BAGRYANTSEVA1,2, A. A. GAYDAMAKA1,2
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: одно- и двузамещенные фосфаты цезия и рубидия, RbH(PO), Cs(HPO)(HPO)•2HO, протонная проводимость, твердые электролиты, mono and disubstituted phosphates of cesium and rubidium, RbH(PO), Cs(HPO)(HPO)·2HO, proton conductivity, solid electrolytes
Pages: 238-245

Abstract >>
A detailed study of the phase composition, transport and thermodynamic characteristics of the systems based on mono- and disubstituted phosphates of cesium and rubidium (1-x)MH2PO4-xM2HPO4·2H2O (M=Rb, Cs) within a wide range of compositions (0≤х≤1) was performed. For these systems, new phases were identified, and their transport and thermal characteristics were determined. For cesium compounds, the new Cs3(H2PO4)(HPO4)·2H2O salt was found at x = 0.5. Cs3(H2PO4)(HPO4)·2H2O single crystals were synthesised and their crystal structure was determined for the first time, as well as thermodynamic characteristics and proton conductivity. It was shown that the compound does not have a superionic phase transition. In the rubidium system, a monophase region at x = 0.25 was found, corresponding to Rb5H7(PO4)4 compound. Its electrotransport and thermodynamic properties were investigated. It was shown that Rb5H7(PO4)4 has a phase transition at 252°C to the high-temperature phase, which is characterised by high proton conductivity. For other mole fraction x values for (1 - x)MH2PO4 / xM2HPO4•2H2O (M = Rb, Cs), binary phase regions are realized; these two phases include the initial component, which dominates within this composition range, and the nely formed compound, which significantly affects the physicochemical properties of the system.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019132



5.
MICROTUBULAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS: DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

A. S. BAGISHEV1,2, N. V. NIFTALIEVA1,2, I. V. KOVALEV1,3, B. V. VOLOSHIN1,2, M. P. POPOV1, N. V. LYSKOV4, E. A. LEVCHENKO4, I. A. GVOZDKOV4, V. V. SINITSYN4, A. V. SIVAK4, A. P. NEMUDRY1
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
4“TOPAZ” LLC, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: МТ ТОТЭ, катод, перовскиты, кислородный обмен, MT SOFC, cathode, perovskites, oxygen exchange
Pages: 246-250

Abstract >>
This paper presents the results on the development of microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (MT SOFC). A review of the literature data on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is also presented. The procedure of MT SOFCs manufacture by means of the phase inversion technique and characterization methods are described. A measuring cell to determine the current-voltage characteristics of MT SOFC is described. The obtained data allow us to outline further routes to increase the capacity of MT SOFCs.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019133



6.
LOW-TEMPERATURE MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF ZINC-SUBSTITUTED HYDROXYAPATITE

N. V. BULINA, M. V. CHAIKINA, O. B. VINOKUROVA, I. YU. PROSANOV, N. Z. LYAKHOV
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: механохимический синтез, гидроксиапатит, замещение, цинк, mechanochemical synthesis, hydroxyapatite, substitution, zinc
Pages: 251-256

Abstract >>
Results of the investigation of the structure of zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite formed during low-temperature solid phase mechanochemical synthesis are presented. . It is shown that a single-phase zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite with a degree of substitution of up to 0.4 mol per mole of apatite is formed in a planetary ball mill AGO-2 after 30 minutes of mechanical impact on the mixture of initial reagents (CaHPO4, CaO, Zn(H2PO4)2•2H2O). Two types of substitution reactions for zinc ions were studied: the substitution of calcium ions and hydroxide ions. The dynamics of lattice parameters of the synthesized samples showed that zinc ions most probably occupy the positions of calcium ions in the course of mechanochemical synthesis. After high-temperature treatment, the positions of zinc ions change: they are moved into the hydroxyl channel on the c axis, displacing OH groups and forming O-Zn-O chains elongated along the c axis. The limit of substitution in this case is reduced to 0.2 mol of zinc. The synthesized samples may be used to obtain medical bioresorbable hardware and coatings with antibacterial properties.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019134



7.
GOLD AND SILVER EXTRACTION FROM PERSISTENT ARSENOPYRITE GRAVIOCONCENTRATE

V. K. VARENTSOV, V. I. VARENTSOVA
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: арсено-пиритный гравиоконцентрат, механохимическая активация, выщелачивание, электроизвлечение, золото, серебро, промышленные испытания, углеродные волокнистые электроды, arsenopyrite gravioconcentrate, mechanochemical activation, leaching, electroextraction, gold, silver, industrial tests, carbon fibre electrodes
Pages: 257-261

Abstract >>
Results of the studies of gold and silver extraction from persistent arsenopyrite geavioconcentrate are presented, starting with mechanochemical breakdown of the concentrate, subsequent cyanide leaching, electrolytic extraction of the metals from cyanide solutions, and ending with obtaining the finished products in the form of metal alloy. The cycling use of cyaniic solutions after electrolysis in leaching process is evaluated. Electrolytic extraction of gold and silver was carried out on the cathodes made of carbon fibre materials, followed by thermal treatment. The final products with gold and silver content up to 95 mass % were obtained. The results of subsequent industrial tests at a gold production plant showed that the use of mechanochemical breakdown and an experimental-industrial activator to obtain gold and silver from persistent arsenopyrite gravioconcentrates of the deposits situated in the north-eastern part of Kazakhstan allows an increase in the ate and degree of gold and silver extraction.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019135



8.
MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER-CONTAINING COMPOSITES BASED ON BORON NITRIDE

T. F. GRIGOREVA1, S. A. KOVALEVA2, V. I. ZHORNIK2, P. A. VITYAZ2, N. Z. LYAKHOV1
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Belarusian National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus
Keywords: механохимический синтез, механокомпозиты, железо, нитрид бора, сверхвысокомолекулярный полиэтилен, ультрадисперсный политетрафторэтилен, mechanochemical synthesis, mechanocomposites, iron, boron nitride, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, ultra-dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene
Pages: 262-266

Abstract >>
The effect of high-energy mechanical treatment on the formation of the structural-phase state of highly filled composite powders UHMWPE/BN, UPTFE/BN, UHMWPE/Fe/BN, UPTFE/Fe/BN is investigated. Mechanochemical synthesis of composites was carried out in a water-cooled planetary ball mill in the atmosphere of argon. The phase composition and structural characteristics were studied with the D8 Advance diffractometer (BRUKER). It was established that Fe/BN composites are formed as a result of mechanical treatment for 2 min in the mixture of iron with hexagonal boron nitride; in addition, the phases of cubic boron nitride, c BN, iron nitride, FeN0.056, and iron boride, Fe2B, appear. During the mechanochemical synthesis of the composites of Fe/BN with polymers UHMWPE and UPTFE, the size of the crystallites of cubic boron nitride increases slightly. Activation of the mixtures of polymers with hexagonal BN is not accompanied by the transition of hexagonal boron nitride to the cubic modification. Grinding of hexagonal BN crystallites is slower than in the mixtures with Fe/BN composite. IR spectroscopic studies showed that the size of the original particles of hexagonal BN affects the change in the supramolecular structure of the polymer, while the polymer molecules are not destroyed.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019136



9.
MECHANOCOMPOSITES FOR POLYMER MATERIALS OF RADIATION PROTECTION

T. F. GRIGOREVA1, S. A. KOVALEVA2, T. YU. KISELEVA3, T. A. UDALOVA4,1, S. V. VOSMERIKOV1, E. T. DEVYATKINA1, P. A. VITYAZ2, N. Z. LYAKHOV1
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Belarusian National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus
3Moscow M. V. Lomonosov State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, Russia
4Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: механическая активация, композиты, железо, вольфрам, карбид бора, диборид титана, mechanochemical synthesis, composites, iron, tungsten, boron carbide, titanium diboride
Pages: 267-271

Abstract >>
Mechanochemical formation of composites Fe/TiB2, W/TiB2, Fe/B4C and W/B4C was investigated. These composites may be used as fillers for ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene intended for protection from neutron and g-radiation. Mechanochemical synthesis of the composites was carried out in a planetary ball mill with water cooling in the atmosphere of argon. The phase composition, structural and morphological characteristics of the composites, and their thermal stability were studied by means of a set of physicochemical methods (X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis). It is demonstrated that the composites Fe/TiB2, W/TiB2, Fe/B4C and W/B4C are formed during mechanical activation. They are composed of particles 0.5-1.0 μm in size, their shapes being close to spherical. The particles are agglomerated into larger formations 30-50 μm in size. The resulting composites exhibit thermal stability under heating to ~800 °C.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019137



10.
STUDY ON SYNTHESIS AND DENSIFICATION OF NON-STOICHIOMETRIC MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM SPINEL

J. DUAN1, X. WANG1, G.R. KARAGEDOV2, H. GAO1, and J.В YANG3
1Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China
2Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Keywords: magnesium aluminium spinel, synthesis, powder, performance, magnesium aluminium spinel, synthesis, powder, performance
Pages: 272-278

Abstract >>
MgO•nAl2O3 powder (n = 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5) was prepared by the bimetal alkoxide hydrolysis method. The effects of changes of aluminium content on material phase, particle size, morphology, infrared transmittance, and ceramic densification were studied. The results show that the MgO•nAl2O3 (n ≤ 2) powder forms a pure phase of magnesium-aluminium spinel at 1200 °C. When n is 2.5, the characteristic peak of Al2O3 appears. The particle size of powder gradually increases with an increase of n value. There were significant differences in the densification of powders with a various of magnesium/aluminium ratio. The density of samples varies greatly with the sintering temperature. When the sintering temperature is between 1200 and 1400 °C, there are no obvious changes. The density is found to be 3.45 g/cm3 at the sintering temperature of 1400 °C. When n is of 1.25 and 1.5, the sample density increases with an increase of sintering temperature, reaching 3.46 g/cm3 at 1550 °C. The powder with ball milling has a better sintering performance, the density of the MgO•1.5Al2O3 powder with ball milling is 3.448 g/cm3 at the sintering temperature of 1600 °C, which is 2.5 % higher than that of the non-ball-milled sample at the same temperature.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019138



11.
MODELLING OF BONDING ENERGY IN THE GLYCOSIDES OF QUERCETIN AND ANOMERS OF D-GLUCOPYRANOSE AND L-RHAMNOPYRANOSE

S. G. MAMYLOV, O. I. LOMOVSKY
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: кверцетин, D-глюкопираноза, L-рамнопираноза, гликозиды, энергия системы, quercetin, D-glucopyranose, L-rhamnopyranose, glycosides, reaction energy
Pages: 279-282

Abstract >>
The structures of glycosides formed in the interaction of polyphenolic compound quercetin as a model aglycon with a carbohydrate anomer, by the examples of D-glucopyranose and L-rhamnopyranose, were considered by means of computer modelling. The probability for the simulated structures to exist was estimated relying on bonding energy (as a change in the system energy) for different versions of aglycon binding to carbohydrate. A preferable type of the formed structures is bidning between 3,5,7-hydroxyl group of quercetin with 1,4,6hydroxyl groups of D-glucopyranose or 1,2,4-hydroxyl groups of L-rhamnopyranose.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019139



12.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF ALN CRYSTAL FILM ON THE (0001)AL2O3 SURFACE

V. G. MANSUROV1, YU. G. GALITSYN1, YU. I. MIKHAILOV2, T. V. MALIN1, D. S. MILAKHIN1, and K. S. ZHURAVLEV1
1Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: кинетика нитридизации, двумерная фаза AlN, решеточный газ, латеральное взаимодействие, фазовый переход, nitridation kinetics, two-dimensional AlN phase, lattice gas, lateral interaction, phase transition
Pages: 283-288

Abstract >>
Temperature dependence of the formation of two-dimensional crystalline AlN phase on the (0001)Al2O3 surface under ammonia flow was investigated. Two regions were experimentally detected in the temperature dependence of the process rate. Within the region of relatively low temperatures (T < 940 °C), the rate of AlN formation is limited by chemical reactions. A kinetic scheme of the process was proposed, and effective kinetic constants of the main stages of the process were determined. At a higher temperature (T > 940 °C), the formation of the ordered AlN phase is determined by a continuous two-dimensional phase transition in the lattice gas formed on the surface of AlN cells. A three-parameter scheme is proposed to describe the process. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental isotherms was obtained for the following parameters of the lateral interaction between the filled AlN cells in the lattice gas: Ei = 0.725 eV - lateral repulsion of the neighbouring filled AlN cells; U = -0.725 eV - the energy of stabilisation arising during the formation of a filled cell; V = 0.09 eV - energy consumed for the formation of an intermediate metastable cell of the lattice gas. The critical temperature of phase transition is unambiguously determined by the established parameters of lateral interaction and is equal to 795 °C. The observed phase transition in AlN lattice gas is continuous because experiments were carried out at temperatures above the critical point.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019140



13.
MORPHOLOGICAL DESIGN OF NANOCRYSTALLINE CERIUM DIOXIDE DURING THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF CERIUM (III) OXALATE DECAHYDRATE

D. V. MASLENNIKOV1,2, A. A. MATVIENKO1,2, A. A. SIDELNIKOV1,2, S. A. CHIZHIK1,2
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: оксалат церия, нанокристаллический диоксид церия, псевдоморфоза, термическое разложение, cerium oxalate, nanocrystalline cerium oxide, pseudomorph, thermal decomposition
Pages: 289-297

Abstract >>
Materials based on cerium dioxide are used in various fields of high-tech industry: from precision polishing of optical glasses and the production of high-strength ceramics to using them as three-route catalysts in engines and medical applications as biomimetics. Due to a wide range of practical applications of such materials, there is an actual task to develop a method for producing cerium oxide with the ability to control its textural characteristics. To solve this problem in this work, the method of thermal decomposition of the precursor Ce2(C2O4)3·10H2O was chosen. The main advantage of this method is the possibility of obtaining products in the form of a pseudomorph consisting of nanoparticles of the product and preserving the shape and size of the crystals. In the course of the work, the conditions for obtaining pseudomorph were found, i.e. porous granules of cerium oxide nanoparticles, the size of which is set at the stage of synthesis of precursor crystals. Techniques have been developed for growing Ce2(C2O4)3·10H2O crystals of various sizes and habit. The work also revealed the factors that influence the textural characteristics of the resulting oxides during thermal decomposition of the selected precursor. It was shown that during thermal decomposition of thin (<20 µm) precursor plates with a basal face (010) in air, cerium dioxide pseudomorph transparent to visible light was formed. Thicker crystals were destroyed parallel to the (010) face with a fracture scale of about 10 μm. It was shown that an increase in water vapor pressure during dehydration led to structural changes other than those during dehydration in air. With such a rearrangement of the structure, the initial crystals are destroyed into particles less than 5 μm. In this work, we were able to obtain a pseudomorph consisting of 5-6 nm particles of cerium dioxide with a surface area of 140-150 m2/g and 40% porosity. Controlled annealing allowed the microstructure to be enlarged to the required size of crystallites that make up the pseudomorph.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019141



14.
THE SYNTHESIS OF BISMUTH LACTATE

E. S. NAYDENKO1, A. S. GIRENKO2, YU. M. YUKHIN1
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: оксид висмута, молочная кислота, лактат висмута, термическое разложение, растворимость в гидроксиде аммония, bismuth oxide, lactic acid, bismuth lactate, thermal decomposition, solubility in ammonium hydroxide
Pages: 298-303

Abstract >>
The interaction of bismuth oxide with lactic acid solutions was studied by means of X-ray phase, chemical and thermogravimetric analyzes, IR spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The conditions for the formation of bismuth lactate of the composition BiC9H15O9 were determined, and its solubility in an ammonium hydroxide solution was investigated. Studies show that it is expedient to carry out the synthesis of bismuth lactate BiC9H15O9 through the interaction of bismuth oxide with lactic acid solution at a molar ratio of lactate ions to bismuth equal to 3.0, at the process temperature of 55±3 °C, followed by washing the product by isopropanol. When processing bismuth lactate BiC9H15O9 with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide, solutions with bismuth concentration of 245-380 g/l were obtained. They can be used to produce liquid bismuth lactate containing drugs. It was established that fine crystalline bismuth oxide can be obtained as a result of the thermal decomposition of bismuth lactate.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019142



15.
FINE TUNGSTEN FROM W/MGO MECHANOCOMPOSITE OBTAINED BY THE REDUCTION OF TUNGSTEN (VI) OXIDE BY MAGNESIUM

T. A. UDALOVA1,2, S. V. VOSMERIKOV1, T. F. GRIGOREVA1, E. T. DEVYATKINA1, N. Z. LYAKHOV1
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: механохимическое восстановление, высокодисперсный вольфрам, высокоэнергетические системы, mechanochemical reduction, fine tungsten, high-energy systems
Pages: 304-309

Abstract >>
The effect of stoichiometric compositions and the conditions of mechanical activation on the formation of the product of WO3 reduction by magnesium was studied by means of X-ray phase analysis. In the process of mechanical activation of a mixture of tungsten (VI) oxide with magnesium at the corresponding stages, mechanochemical composites of various compositions are formed, including magnesium, tungsten (VI and IV) oxides, magnesium tungstate, tungsten and magnesium oxide. The reduction of tungsten (VI) oxide with magnesium is completed by 8 minutes of activation with the formation of a W / MgO composite. The conditions for the acid separation of tungsten from magnesium oxide from mechanochemical composites W / MgO were determined. It was shown with the help of scanning electron microscopy that tungsten separated from magnesium oxide is highly dispersed and consists of primary particles that are close to spherical in shape, with sizes from 50 to 100 nm, aggregated into secondary particles 1 to 10 microns in size. Magnesium content in finely dispersed tungsten powder, determined by means of energy dispersive analysis, is less than 2%.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019143



16.
ANIONIC SUBSTITUTIONS IN THE MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE

M. V. CHAIKINA1, N. V. BULINA1, I. YU. PROSANOV1, A. V. ISHCHENKO2,3
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: механохимический синтез, карбонат-, силикат-, алюминат-, цирконат-замещенный гидроксиапатит, mechanochemical synthesis, carbonate-, silicate-, aluminate-, zirconate-substituted hydroxyapatite
Pages: 310-317

Abstract >>
An overview of possible anionic substitutions in the structure of hydroxyapatite for the mechanochemical method of synthesis is presented. It was revealed that single-phase nanocrystalline varieties of anion-substituted hydroxyapatite are formed during mechanochemical synthesis. A series of the samples of carbonate-, silicate-, aluminate-, zirconate- substituted hydroxyapatites with different concentrations of the substituent ion were obtained. It was established that additional high-temperature annealing leads to partial loss of the substituent ion, which results in the formation of impurity phases. Silicate-, aluminate-, and zirconate-containing hydroxyapatite species may be of interest as coatings of medical implants made of metal and zirconium-corundum ceramics.

DOI: 10.15372/CSD2019144