Home – Home – Jornals – Professional Education in the Modern World 2018 number 3

The policy of reforms and openness as a program of economic reforms has triggered rapid development of Chinese economy. Russian researchers have attempted to study Chinese corporate and organizational culture; however, these studies relied on the Western and Russian theories. The peculiarities of Chinese corporate and organizational culture that resulted in the «Chinese miracle» have remained a challenge. Our research is primarily targeted at the peculiarities of Chinese theoretical concepts of corporate and organizational culture. The research material included monographs and textbooks of Chinese authors on corporate and organizational culture. Our research has relied on the informational approach, cross-cultural and hermeneutic methods. Based on contextual analysis, the authors have come to the following conclusions. Chinese authors differentiate between industrial enterprises and organizations thus defining the two phenomena: corporate culture and organizational culture respectively. Chinese authors also see differences in the concepts of corporate culture developed in the business community and in the academic circles. Chinese authors strongly believe in the objective nature of corporate culture, its determination by the external culture as a form of social reality. According to Chinese authors, the Chinese national culture is a source of its corporate culture. A spiritual (level) layer of corporate culture is instrumental in the whole system of corporate culture. The Chinese national culture is a basic source of spiritual culture in China, which is an «external» culture in relation to the corporate culture. A spiritual culture is in essence a sum of corporate ideology. A systemic approach used in Chinese concepts allows Chinese authors to talk about institutionalization of corporate culture. Institutionalization is impossible without a proper social demand. Institutionalization and stability of corporate culture requires specific conditions. They are all represented in the Chinese concepts of corporate culture.

I nformation society contributes to considering knowledge as information that acquired new social opportunities and joined the spheres of socio-cultural relations. Knowledge is classically reviewed as an epistemological category but now have received the form of a commodity. Influenced by these factors, the university not only transforms its own idea and nature, but also loses own purpose, adapting to the circumstances and becoming a subject of market relations. The paper shows that in the conditions of knowledge capitalization, the student is expected to create his own educational line, which will allow him to «monetize» the acquired knowledge and skills in the labor market after graduating from the university. The author indicates that dissatisfaction with the educational policy implemented by the government to the university can generate the response and encourage active students to react and act. The article makes conclusion that if development of a democratic management system at the university contributes to possible identification of the permissible borders of students influence on university development, then on the one hand, it will be possible to avoid radical forms of students manifestation, and, on the other hand, the university will be able to keep the basic organizational principles of its development, aimed not on training narrow- specialized professionals for society but on formation of a citizen.

The article analyzes military progress as an important component of social progress that has its mental characteristics. The authors show that in the global world, views on the nature of the war change mainly due to scientific and technical progress. The paper focuses on the most recent information technologies that resulted in new features of military progress like cyber weapons, etc. The article highlights new tendencies in contemporary military progress. The authors analyse characteristics of military progress after discontinuation of the world bipolar system. NATO continues approaching Russian borders, explaining it by the need to fight with international terrorism. However, the real goals remain the same; nevertheless they are represented in more appropriate and understandable way. The mental features of particular society influence the procedure of the military progress as they are based on historically view , of fair and unfair wars and include differences in such concepts as "patriotism", "courage", "civic duty", etc.

The authors highlight that foundation of basic universities are founded in Russia due to modernization and reforming of national education. The aim of the basic universities is contribution to regional development. The interaction between higher education and the regions is associated with strengthening of the «third mission» of universities. Implementation of the “third mission” makes the university key player of regional economic and social development and introduces significant changes in the university's relations with its partners considered to be industry, business, government and civil society institutions. Implementation of the «third mission» requires modernization in teaching and research system of the university, development of entrepreneurship, implementation of business projects, while maintaining its institutional identity. On analyzing the practices of German universities, the author makes conclusion that creation of inter-institutional partnership and cooperation between the government, regional and local authorities, universities and business contribute to the regional growth.

The authors analyze transformation of university models and reveal the tendencies in integration of education, science and business in order to realize and highlight to what extent education strategies put forward society to ideal model of «society of knowledge» designed in the mid XX and formulated in P. Drucker proceedings in 1993.The authors apply institutional and structural and functional approaches. Analysis is carried out by means of comparison foreign and national experience used for introduction and application of different university models and following the tendencies in education development and formation of society requirements to education system since 40-s of XX. The paper focuses on foreign results of applying the model of Business University (3.0) which is widely applied in Russia today. The experience of Great Britain and other foreign countries has proved that this model successfully implements the mechanism which was going to put forward the society to ideal model «society of knowledge»; otherwise in fact it makes prerequisites for greater differentiation between megalopolises and rural areas according to the criterion of human capital assets. The implementation of mechanism «economy of knowledge» without flexible policy in the sphere of education and business makes conditions for drastic changes in sparsely populated areas. The authors make conclusion that specific features of Russia, its length and part of areas with low population make foundation of business universities inefficient and even disastrous for human resources in the regions. This affects national development in future.

Informatization is considered to be one of the main tendencies in transformation of educational environment. The authors highlight advantages of this process as well as disadvantages seen as alienation processes in the university educational space. Virtual university space makes new environment and therefore there is the necessity to analyse complicated processes of alienation and its impact on the quality of professional education. The paper aims at analyzing these complicated processes. The authors used dialectical method and method of structural and functional analysis as a methodological basis for analysis of alienation processes in educational space. The authors found out that alienation processes could have subjective and objective character. Modern generation faces many contradictions in education process related to incompliance of educational support with the needs of an education subject (contradiction between theoretical and practical knowledge, promoting standard thinking and removal of analytical thinking); lack of interaction between education models and methodics (just formal perception of knowledge and material); ignoring psychological and physical development of an education subject and reality where the subject was brought up (lack of life priorities, net and social nets addiction, low motivation to studying, etc.). The authors make conclusion that alienation processes in Russian education have objective-subjective character as, on the one hand, educational environment has alienation from the subject of education and on the other hand, the subject of education is not able to deal with educational environment.

The article examines the goals, objectives, principles, and technologies applied in innovative education. The author has demonstrated that innovative education is an organized process, which is based on the development of broad professional skills and the learner’s ability for self-development and creativity. The theoretical basis for this investigation is provided by J. Dewey’s philosophy of education. Innovative education is best revealed in project teaching. The results of the investigation have found practical implementation at the Institute of Social Engineering at Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology for training bachelors under the major “Advertisement and public relations”.

The author analyzes and systematizes the reasons for the current revival of interest in Marxism, its research and prognostic potential. Against the background of this interest, the author raises the question of the degree of understanding of both the system of Marx's views and other socio-philosophical concepts, and comes to a disappointing conclusion about the prevalence of profane interpretations of humanitarian knowledge in General and the system of views of the classics of Marxism in particular. The author gives several reasons for this situation. The school actually forms "input competences" for training in higher education institution. Among them, first, there is a significant social stratification, already established social groups with opposite interests and, accordingly, views on reality. While for some it is important to apply knowledge in the business process, for others it is a problem of lack of prospects and minimal social justice. Secondly, the quality of the perception of humanitarian knowledge is affected by the specifics of the presentation of materials in the school course of social studies: internal inconsistency, fragmentation and haphazardness. The article considers in detail some fragments of the educational material and identifies their shortcomings. The author emphasizes that they are determined not only by the work of the author's team, but by the specificity of the perception of students whose research activity is at the initial stage of development and is focused on the empirical perception and analysis, not on the synthesis of theoretical knowledge. Based on his own teaching and research experience, the author examines the possible forms and directions of studying Marx social philosophy in high school.. According to the author, Marx methodology, the beginning of which can be learned in high school, will be an excellent tool for training in high school, the formation of a number of "input competencies" necessary for training in a classical University. One of these competencies is the ability to target. The author draws attention to the fact that the goal is an element of the future in the present.

In publications of domestic and foreign researchers highlighted the existence of a crisis of education in the world. Particularly alarming is the situation with arts education. In search of the origins of contemporary problems of education, the author refers to comparison of models of University governance in the United States, China and Russia. Analysis of publications of these countries has allowed to reveal a common Foundation of management problems - the lack of harmony in the ratio of morality and law as means of educational process management. State ideology in China, promotes harmony of morality and law in this country.

As the educational environment of the military institution aims at successful formation of a future officer expertise and competencies, then national higher military school in the conditions of modernization is aimed at searching for the projects and conditions of educational technologies, which contribute to professional formation and development of a future specialist personal maturity who is able to act efficiently. Project activities of teachers puts the student in an active position of the person who explores, solves problems, makes decisions and prepares documents. The authors consider educational service based on pedagogical conditions as a source of effective implementation of the project activity. Thus, the design and capacities of educational environment can be considered as a resource of increasing education quality which can be possible by means of a complex of pedagogical conditions.

The article is devoted to consideration of the question of interaction between employers and higher institutions. Such interaction is most efficient when it is supported by dual education, through the creation of basic Chairs. Basic chairs developed by higher educational institutions in enterprises are considered to be one of the effective tools for integration between education and labour market. The formation of such chairs should be one of the priorities not only for the regional system of agricultural education, but for regional economy as well. The paper describes what basic chairs and in cooperation with what enterprises are going to be established in Tomsk region by Tomsk Agricultural Institute - the branch of Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. The Chairs focus on practical training of students on the educational program by means of implementation of the education programme of the corresponding profile, aimed at the formation, consolidation and development of skills and competencies, including the possibility of conducting all kinds of studies and research activities in the interests of the enterprise - a strategic partner of the University, through the implementation of educational programs of applied bachelor degree. The foundation of such Chairs has its advantages, including qualified personnel. Social impact will be achieved through improving the quality of conditions for higher and further education, training and retraining; increasing the responsibility of employers in the training of professional staff; expansion of social partnership in the field of education.

Globally, rural areas are suffering from outmigration as a result of low income and often unfavorable living conditions. This contrasts with the importance of rural areas in preserving cultural identity, environmental conditions and at the same time maintaining a high and lasting level of production at a time of continued and in terms of numbers unprecedented global population growth and associated demand for food and other resources. Rural development therefore is an issue that needs more attention, more public support, more funding and more professionals trained to handle the challenges and deal with complex issues at the interface between agronomy, society, economy and ecology. Professionals that act today, but are aware of the necessity to consider future needs in today's planning and activities. Professionals that think beyond short term profit of single entities! The current education system in Russia does not have experience in training the specialists of this kind, otherwise international experience is used due to the needs rising. International project on training the specialists on sustainable rural development can serve as an example of this contribution. The paper aims at exploring the role of international projects (on example of EU funded projects) in training the specialists on sustainable rural development. The authors used the following research methods as experiment, system analysis, structural and functional analysis, interdisciplinary approach, data comparative analysis, systematization and method of descriptive statistics. The analysis has shown that projects on training the specialists on sustainable rural development have own history. Project RUDECO has become a starting point in designing and development of further training programs for civil servants and experts from regional and local authorities engaged in implementation of strategy on sustainable development of rural areas. SARUD project aimed at development and launching Master-program with the profile «Sustainable agriculture and rural development» in agricultural institutions of Russia.

The article explores the problem of organization of medical service for children in the system of the preschool education on the example of educational organizations in Novosibirsk. The authors used statistical data analysis, studied literary sources and legal standards and explained the relevance of improving medical service for preschool children in order to increase quality and effectiveness; the authors found out contradictions in staffing and interdepartmental interactions, which lead to deterioration in the quality of medical service. The research results in the fact that essential condition for improving quality of medical service in the system of preschool education is a change in the organizational and staffing approach. The article outlines the main directions of work to improve quality management of medical service in preschool educational organizations.

The paper highlights necessity of developing the language competence of a specialist in a building branch. The author outlines that it is necessary to improve both the communicative and language competence of building branch specialists to further developing of professional skills and expertise.

The article assesses the official leaders of the country for more than a century of national history. The students review Russian history. The author does not take the position of an outside observer. He solves two problems. On the one hand, the work speaks of the leaders of the state from the point of view of the younger generation, and on the other hand the author himself analyzes certain moments of the history and the respondents themselves. The main criteria in the activities of the top officials of Russia and the USSR are qualities that characterize the degree of their competence in such parameters as achievements in economic development, solving acute political problems in their country and the world, strengthening the defense capability of the state, progress in the social sphere, progress in science, education, medicine, improving people's quality of life. In the conclusions to all presented material acute and topical questions are raised as to why many historical facts are not well known in the youth environment and what conclusions should be drawn on the basis of this sociological research by teachers of humanitarian disciplines, not only for the expansion of students' knowledge, but also for the formation of appropriate civil position.

The purpose of the article is to realize the possibilities and functions of inclusive education, to compare the inclusive and exclusive (special) models of education, to highlight the various effects and practices of inclusive education. This problem is rather explored but at the same time it is theoretically and practically significant and relevant as more and more variants (practices) of inclusive and exclusive education are being created, their effects are being studied, positive (functional) and negative (dysfunctional) aspects of inclusive and special education are compared. The author sees more advantages of inclusive education than possible disadavnatges. Special education as well as the formation of «additional», «alternative» can and should play the role of a complementary regime (party) of inclusive or general education. At the same time, it is important to achieve that education is variable, focusing on the developmental features of children (with HIA and without HIA), and not only external norms and standards (criteria).

In the modern era becomes more and more urgent problem of studying stressanalysis behaviour in professional activity, which is indicated particularly acute and due to the increasing demands of society to the personality of the specialist. The paper presents and explains such concepts as coping behavior, stress, stress. Shows the mechanisms of stress resistance that is applied by law enforcement officers under stress. The implementation of the law enforcement service that requires organization, a high degree of discipline, determination and initiative. The lack of training and incompetence can lead to disorientation, which will affect the work. Not to mention that individual characteristics make them vulnerable to stress. But not all people are equally susceptible to stress. It is influenced by factors: high job satisfaction, control over what he does. In the article on the example of activity of law enforcement officers working with documentation and responding to challenges in the police Department Baganskaya intermunicipal Department of the Ministry of internal Affairs «Karasuk», the police Department, «Karasuk» inter-municipal Department of internal Affairs «Karasuk» deals with the problem of stress in terms of stressful situations. Analyses the main purpose, hypothesis, human resources. For empirical part of the research we used such methods as: method of determining stress resistance and social adaptation of Holmes and R. The raga, the Questionnaire «Style of self-regulation of behavior - SSP-98» V. I. Morosanova, Express diagnostics of stress factors in the activities of head (I. D. ladanov, A. V. Urazaeva). Developed recommendations to increase stress tolerance, and to improve the health of law enforcement officers.

The article is devoted to the actual psychological and pedagogical problem seen as differences in the motivational sphere of students in different programs of education. Speaking about the types of orientation, the authors assume the external and internal motivation in relation to the learning process. The authors use the questionnaire «Profile of students’ academic motivation», which distinguishes three intrinsic motivations (cognitive, achievements, self-development) and 3 extrinsic motivations (self-esteem, introjected and external). Amotivation is defined as a lack of any motivation for learning. In addition to the questionnaire, two questionnaires are used to identify the structure of the achievement motivation and satisfying the basic needs of the individual. The students of two bachelor programs participated in the research: «Psychology» and «Psychological and Pedagogical Education». Participants of the research completed the questionnaire 3 times within 18 months. As a result of the study, significant differences in indicators were revealed: success as a material standard of living, success as a mental state, cognitive motivation, amotivation, integral indicator of internal motivation, success-luck, success-recognition. Since there were no significant differences between the satisfaction of the basic needs, it allowed the authors to assume that the impact on the motivational indicators is not so much at the level of the teacher-student interaction, as at the level of organization of the entire educational process in general. Comparing the two federal state standards in these programs, it is possible to identify differences in the number of credit units for practices, classroom activities, and types of professional activity. Thus, it can be concluded that motivational indicators can be influenced by such factors as: the ratio of hours of classroom practice and industrial practice, the number of competencies formed and the diversity of types of professional activity that the student must learn.

The author sees search for formation factors and assessment criteria of valuable features of individual subjects and collective ones as one of the most important problems in investigation of reputation. Specialists in the field of game theory think that there are theoretical game models of reputation and standards; reputation is seen as a reflection about the standard activities. The paper aims at considering the social standards as a factor of reputation and as a factor of subject assessment. The author speaks that interioration of common social standards, values and behavior models take place in the period of upbringing, socialization and professional education. These activities are revealed through subject activity. When analyzing subject activity, we can make conclusions about reputation. The concept “reputation” is rather polysemantic. This allows us to review reputation as an assessment system and valuable characteristics and as a process of forming these assessment and characteristics. It appears that reputation as a process concept turns out to be the process of searching for valuable characteristics of the subjects and results of their activity. Thus, we can speak about reputation as a process of making decision what evaluation belongs to the subject activity. The paper shows that compliance or incompliance of subject activity is assessed by means of common social standards and valuable preferences of the evaluator and it is the basic factor for making decision in concerns of reputation.