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Chemistry for Sustainable Development

2015 year, number 5

1.
Conjugates of Dihydroquercetin with 6,7-Dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline and Salsolidine

SH. N. ZHURAKULOV, M. G. LEVKOVICH and V. I. VINOGRADOVA
Yunusov Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ul. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Tashkent 100170 (Uzbekistan)
Keywords: дигидрокверцетин, 6, 7-диметокситетрагидроизохинолин, сальсолидин, формалин, Salsola richteri, реакция Манниха, dihydroquercetin, 6, 7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline, salsolidine, formalin, Salsola richteri, Mannich reaction

Abstract >>
6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline was synthesized according to Pictet-Spengler reaction from homoveratrylamine and formaldehyde. Alkaloid salsolidine was extracted from the plant species Salsola richteri Karel. Heterocyclic monosubstituted conjugates of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) were synthesized through the interaction of DHQ with 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and salcolidine according to Mannich reaction. Electrophilic substitution proceeds only at the 6th position of DHQ; the formation of other products was not observed. The synthesis of derivatives was carried out in isopropanol at a temperature within 20-25 °C and the ratio of DHQ/isoquinoline/formalin = 1 : 1 : 1.



2.
Studies of the Structure of Porous Carbon Materials Obtained by Pyrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Birch Wood

B. N. KUZNETSOV1,2, N. V. CHESNOKOV1,2, YU. L. MIKHLIN1, S. I. TSYGANOVA1, N. M. MIKOVA1, N. V. GARYNTSEVA1 and N. M. IVANCHENKO1
1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50-24, Krasnoyarsk 660036 (Russia)
2Siberian Federal University, Prospekt Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041 (Россия)
Keywords: древесина березы, делигнификация, микрокристаллическая целлюлоза, пиролиз, пористый углеродный материал, выход, строение, birch wood, delignification, microcrystalline cellulose, pyrolysis, porous carbon material, yield, structure

Abstract >>
Optimal conditions were chosen for obtaining microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by means of birch wood delignification by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulphuric catalyst for the purpose of obtaining MCC with low lignin and hemicellulose content. The evolution of MCC into porous carbon materials (PCM) during pyrolysis within temperature range 200-800 °C was studied by means of IR spectroscopy, XPA, DTA-DSC, XPES, SEM and elemental analysis. It was established that depending on the final pyrolysis temperature and heating rate, the yield and specific surface of solid pyrolysis products vary within the range 97.3-18.3 mass % and 1-473 m2/g, respectively. The most substantial loss of MCC mass is observed within pyrolysis temperature range 300-400 °С. An increase in heating rate during MCC pyrolysis causes a decrease in PCM yield and promotes the development of its porous structure. With pyrolysis temperature range of 400-500 °С, MCC undergoes only paprtial carbonization, while solid products are present in the form of carbon fibres and cellulose clews.



3.
Elemental Composition of Humic Acids in Sapropel of the Middle Ob Region and the South of the Ob-Irtysh Basin in West Siberia

M. P. SARTAKOV, N. V. SHPYNOVA, YU. M. DERYABINA and I. D. KOMISSAROV
Yugra State University, Ul. Chekhova 16, Khanty-Mansiysk AD - Yugra, Khanty-Mansiysk 628012 (Russia)
Keywords: гуминовые кислоты сапропелей, элементный состав, сапропели, гумификация, Западная Сибирь, Среднее Приобье, humic acids of sapropel, elemental composition, humification, West Siberia, Middle Ob Region

Abstract >>
The elemental composition of humic acids (HA) of sapropel from the lakes of the Middle Ob Region and the south of the Ob-Irtysh basin, formed under various hydrothermal and ecological conditions, was studied for the first time. Specific features of the elemental composition (element content, atomic ratios, oxidation degree) were revealed, pointing to the relations between aromatic and aliphatic parts and to the conditions under which humification proceeds. Nitrogen content of HA in sapropel from the Novosibirsk Region is almost twice higher than that in HA in sapropel from Khanty-Mansiysk AD. It was established that the H/C ratio varies within the range 0.83-1.19 for HA of sapropel from the sothern part of West Siberia, while for HA of the Middle Ob territory this ratio varies from 0.87 to 1.24. This is an evidence of lower benzenoid degree  and “maturity” of macromolecules in the taiga region. With respect to oxidation degree , HA of sapropel have reduced form and the negative  value, except for HA of sapropel from some lakes in the Middle Ob Region, for which oxidized forms and positive  values were established. The results of the work may be used for large-scale evaluation of sapropel deposits; they may also serve as information source for making humic preparations. The studies are necessary for the development of technologies for the production of new kinds of products for agriculture, medicine and engineering.



4.
Identification of the Components of Essential Oil of Pelargonium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Her) by Means of Thin Layer Chromatography

E. I. PONOMAREVA1, E. I. MOLOKHOVA1 and A. K. KHOKHLOV2
1Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, Ul. Krupskoy 46, Perm 617070 (Russia)
2Nutrition Institute, Ministry of Power Engineering and Industry, Republic of Tadzhikistan, Ul. Tursun-Zade 25, Dushanbe 734025 (Tadzhikistan)
Keywords: эфирное масло герани душистой, эфирное масло, ТСХ, essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens L’Her, essential oil, TLC

Abstract >>
A procedure based on thin layer chromatography (TLC) was proposed for the determination of the components of essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens L’Her manufactured in Tadzhikistan. Citronellol, geraniol, linalool, phenyl ethyl alcohol were chosen as the standard samples of witness substances (SSWS). As a result of the work, the following chromatography conditions were determined: eluting system - benzene/chloroform (1 : 1), detecting reagent - 5 % ethanolic solution of phosphomolybdic acid, volume of sample applied - 5 mL, concentration 0.005 g/ml. It was established that the polarioty of eluent affects the separation of the components of essential oil from Pelargonium graveolens L’Her. The optimal value of system polarity is 3.19. Seven spots are observed in the chromatograms of pelargonium essential oil manufactured in Tadzhikistan; four of these spots were identified on the basis of R f value and the positions of SSWS spots. The results showed that the chromatographic profile of essential oil from the plant species under under study differs from the essential oil of another manufacturer, essential oil with similar composition (citronellla oil and lemongrass oil) and widespread readily available oil (lavender and sage). Chromatographic profiles differ by the presence of additional spots with different number, size and position. The data obtained provide evidence of the possibility to use TLC as a rapid method to identify essential oil of pelargonium manufactured in Tadzhikistan.



5.
Effect of Oxide Coatings on the Corrosion Stability of Bazalt Fibres in Strongly Alkaline Medium

V. A. RYBIN and N. I. BAKLANOVA
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
Keywords: базальтовое волокно, покрытия, диоксид циркония, диоксид титана, щелочная устойчивость, фибробетон, bazalt fibres, coatings, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, stability to alkalis, fibroconcrete

Abstract >>
It was demonstrated that preliminary surface modification of basalt fibres through the deposition of oxide coatings enhances the stability of fibres in the alkaline medium opf concrete matrix. It was established that unprotected fibres exhibits the highest corrosion degree in the concrete matrix in comparison with the fibres coated with titanium dioxide or zirconium dioxide. A positive effect of increased stability of fibres to alkalis as a result of deposition of protective coatings ios accompanied by insignificant decrease in compression strength of fibroconcrete; the compression strength decreases in the sequence: uncoated fibres - fibres coated with titanium dioxide - fibres coated with zirconium dioxide. Varying the chemical nature of protective coatings, one may affect the degree of adhesion between fibres and the concrete matrmix and, as a consequence, the mechanical properties of fibroconcrete.



6.
Necessity and Essence of the New Approach to the Evaluation of Composition, Properties of Substances and Materials (for Water Quality Control as Example)

O. M. ROZENTAL
Institute of Water Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Gubkina 3, Moscow 119333 (Russia)
Keywords: абсолютное доверие, приемлемый риск, априорная информация, контролируемый показатель качества, выборочная совокупность, доверительный интервал, absolute confidence, acceptable risk, a priori information, controllable quality parameter, sampled population, confidence interval

Abstract >>
The concept of acceplable risk of the violation of statistical interval boundaries is proposed instead of the existing approach to the evaluation of composition and properties of substances and materials on the basis of the concept of absolute confidence to measurement results. For water quality control as example, it is demonstrated that though the novel approach, similarly to the existing one, does not provide complete faultlessness of conclusions concerning controllable parameters on the basis of the results of sampling tests, it ensures the target level of reliability (risk) of estimations, necessary for making correct scientific and managemend decisions. It is also demonstrated that decreased risk of erroneous acceptance of the correspondence of controllable parameters to established requirements in the case of actual discrepancy may be provided by the substitution of nonrigorous method of restriction by the rigorous one.



7.
II Baikal Materials Science Forum

S. S. PALITSYNA and E. G. KHAIKINA
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Sakhyanovoy 8, Ulan Ude 670047 (Russia)

Abstract >>
From 29 June to 5 July 2015, the Republic of Buryatia (Ulan-Ude - the lake. Lake Baikal, p. Gremyachinsk with. Goryachinsk) held a regular All-Russian scientific conference with international participation "II MATERIAL Baikal forum". The forum featured presentations, an exhibition of documents and photographs, as well as showing films dedicated to the memory of large domestic materials scientists, Corresponding Member. USSR MV Mohosoeva (1932-1990 gg.) And Academician FA Kuznetsov (1932-2014 gg.).



8.
Preface


Abstract >>
In recent decades, the Russian Federation has developed a stable situation in which sales of imported biological products for medical, veterinary and agriculture account for 70-80% in terms of money and domestic - 60-70% in physical terms.



9.
Physicochemical Approaches to the Studies of New Systems of Drug Delivery Based on Natural Polysaccharides

O. YU. SELYUTINA1,2, N. E. POLYAKOV1, E. S. METELEVA3 and A. V. DUSHKIN3
1Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
2Novosibirsk State University, Ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
3Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
Keywords: системы доставки лекарств, комплексы включения, полисахариды, арабиногалактан, глицирризиновая кислота, ядерный магнитный резонанс, drug delivery systems, inclusion complexes, polysaccharides, arabinogalactan, glycyrrhizic acid, nuclear magnetic resonance

Abstract >>
The use of natural oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as complexing agents for the delivery of pharmaceutical substances causes a substantial increase in their therapeutic activity and storage stability, and reduces side effects. The use of modern physical methods to study molecular processes allows obtaining unique information on the structure, dynamics and physicochemical properties of supramolecular inclusion complexes of pharmaceutical compounds. The review illustrates the possibilities of physical methods in studying the means of drug delivery in the solid state and in solutions, and in establishing the mechanisms of increasing bioavailability of pharmaceutical compounds within inclusion complexes.



10.
Modified Technology of Obtaining Arabinogalactan Polysaccharide from Wood of Larix sibirica and Larix gmelinii

V. A. MELNIKOV1, L. P. SUNTSOVA2, A. V. DUSHKIN2, S. P. CHEPURIN1 and V. G. SHELEPOV1
1Siberian Branch of the Agricultural Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk District, Novosibirsk Region, 630501 (Russia)
2Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
Keywords: лиственница, арабиногалактан, дигидрокверцетин, флавоноиды, экстракт, ультразвуковая экстракция, флокулянты, larch, arabinogalactan, dihydroquercetin, flavonoids, extract, ultrasonic extraction, flocculating agents

Abstract >>
Modified technology of obtaining arabinogalactan from wood of Larix sibirica and Larix gmelinii on the basis of aqueous extraction of arabinogalactan in the ultrasonic set-up, filtration of the extract, its separation into fractions by means of ultrasonic spraying and concentrating in a rotary vacuum evaporator is considered. The concentrate is precipitated in the organic solvent, washed, dried and ground. It is notable that arabinogalactan extraction is carried out without preliminary extraction of dihydroquercetin.



11.
Development of Antihelminthics of Increased Efficiency on the Basis of Intermolecular Complexes of Active Substances with Water-Soluble Polymers Including Polysaccharides

S. S. KHALIKOV1, YU. S. CHISTYACHENKO2, A. V. DUSHKIN2, E. S. METELEVA2, N. E. POLYAKOV3, I. A. ARKHIPOV4, A. I. VARLAMOVA4, I. I. GLAMAZDIN4 and N. V. DANILEVSKAYA5
1Nesmeyanov Institute of Elementoorganic Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
2Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
3Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
4Skryabin All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Animal and Plant Parasitology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. B. Cheremushkinskaya 28, Moscow 117218 (Russia)
5Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Ul. Akademika Skryabina 23, Moscow 109472 (Russia)
Keywords: механохимия, антигельминтные препараты, Drug Delivery, медамин, альбендазол, фенбендазол, полисахариды, арабиногалактан, межмолекулярные комплексы, растворимость, биодоступность, эффективность, гельминты, mechanochemistry, antihelminthic preparations, Drug Delivery, medamin, albendazol, phenbendazol, polysaccharides, arabinogalactan, intermolecular complexes, solubility, bioavailability, efficiency, helminths

Abstract >>
Intermolecular complexes of the guest-host type possessing increased water solubility were obtained by means of solid-phase mechanochemical treatment of a number of benzimidazole antihelminthic pharmaceutical substances with water-soluble polymers - polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl starch, arabinogalactan polysaccharide (from wood of Larix sibirica and Larix gmelinii ). Physicochemical studies of the complexes were carried out. An increase in antihelminthic activity of the preparations with respect to different laboratory models of helminthes was discovered and confirmed in experiments with sheep spontaneously infested by nematodes of gastrointestinal tract, with a decrease in substance dosage by a factor of 9-10.



12.
Siberian Opisthorchosis. Biology, Distribution and Development of New Preparations for Its Treatment

V. A. MORDVINOV1, M. YU. PAKHARUKOVA1, A. V. KATOKHIN1, A. V. DUSHKIN2, YU. S. CHISTYACHENKO2, A. I. BELOUSOV1, M. V. KHVOSTOV3, N. A. ZHUKOVA3, S. S. KHALIKOV4, T. G. TOLSTIKOVA3 and N. Z. LYAKHOV2
1Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrenyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
2Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
3Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
4Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
Keywords: описторхоз, празиквантел, альбендазол, механохимия, межмолекулярные комплексы, полисахариды, арабиногалактан, растворимость, opisthorchosis, prasiquantel, albendazol, mechanochemistry, intermoloecular complexes, polysaccharides, arabinogalactan, solubility

Abstract >>
Opisthorchosis is a widespread helminthiasis at the territory of Europe and Asia, accompanied by such complications as gallbladder dysfunction, cholecystitis, cholangitis, hepatic abscess, and cholelithiasis. Prasiquantel, a preparation used at present to treat opisthorchosis, is insufficiently effective. Mechanochemical preparation of the intermolecular complexes of antihelminthic agent albendazol with polysaccharide arabinogalactan is described. The activity of these complexes against opisthorchosis was studied in vivo in laboratory animals. The possibility of the development of new medical products based on albendazol exceeding prasiquantel is demonstrated.



13.
Hypolipidemic Effect of the Phytocompositions of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Polysaccharide Arabinogalactan Prepared by Means of Mechanochemistry

E. S. PETROVA1,2, M. V. KHRAPOVA3, L. P. SUNTSOVA1, A. V. DUSHKIN1, E. I. VERESHCHAGIN4 and M. I. DUSHKIN2
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
2Research Institute of Therapy and Prophylactic Medicine, Ul. Borisa Bogatkova 175/1, Novosibirsk 630089 (Russia)
3Research Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Ul. Timakova 4, Novosibirsk 630117 (Russia)
4Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnyi Prospekt 52, Novosibirsk 630091 (Russia)
Keywords: гиностемма пятилистная, механохимическая обработка, гиполипидемический эффект, фитокомпозиция, арабиногалактан, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, mechanochemcial treatment, hypolipidemic effect, phytocomposition, arabinogalactan

Abstract >>
Phytocompositions based on Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) and arabinogalactan (AG) were obtained by means of mechanochemical activation. The addition of AG into the mixture under treatment promotes the formation of water-soluble intermolecular complexes with increased biological assimilability of biologically active substances, and increases the solubility of the phytocomposition in water. In all activated samples, the extractability of saponins from GP increases by a factor of 3.4-4.7. The hypolipidemic action of GP-based samples was demonstrated for the hyperlipidemia model in mice after single intra-abdominal introduction of poloxamer-407. The introduction of GP/AG composition at a ratio of 1 : 2 (by mass) caused a decrease in the level of cholesterol and triglycerides by 56 and 63 %, respectively. For the model of high-lipid diet for rats, the hypolipidemic action of the phytocomposition under investigation was confirmed: the level of triglycerides and cholesterol decreased by 46 and 29 %, respectively, in comparison with reference animals kept to a fatty diet.



14.
Application of Arabinogalactan to Improve Technological and Biological Properties of Disinfectants for Cereals

S. S. KHALIKOV1, O. I. TEPLYAKOVA2, N. G. VLASENKO2, M. S. KHALIKOV3, V. I. EVSEEMKO4 and A. V. DUSHKIN4
1Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
2Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Chemization of Agriculture, Krasnoobsk, P.O.box 356, Novosibirsk Region, Novosibirsk District 630501 (Russia)
3Scientific Biological Centre “Farmbiomed”, Ul. Selskokhozyaistvennaya 12-a, Moscow 129226 (Russia)
4Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
Keywords: протравители семян зерновых, сельское хозяйство, методы механохимии, препаративная форма, тебуконазол, полисахариды, арабиногалактан, межмолекулярные комплексы, биологическая активность, синергизм, disinfectants for cereal seeds, agriculture, mechanochemical methods, preparative form, tebukonazol, polysaccharides, arabinogalactan, intermolecular complexes, biological activity, synergism

Abstract >>
Promising multicomponent compositions of preparations for integrated protection of plants were obtained using the methods of mechanochemistry. Due to the use of polysaccharides, in particular arabinogalactan (from wood of Larix sibirica and Larix gmelinii), the obtained seed disinfectants based on tebuconazol are characterized by improved physicochemical, technological and biological parameters. Tests of the preparations under laboratory conditions provide evidence of the synergism of biological properties, which is exhibited as acceleration of the growth of crop plants, stability of the root system to diseases, and an increase in the crop capacity of spring wheat with a decrease in the consumption of the active substances in the preparations. It is shown that intermolecular complexes of tebuconazol based on arabinogalactan possess high biological activity with decreased consumption of the preparation.



15.
Complexation of ОІ-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-ОІ-Cyclodextrin with Biologically Active Compound Based on 1,2,4-Thiadiazole

M. A. BRUSNIKINA1, M. V. CHISLOV1, O. I. SILYUKOV1, T. V. VOLKOVA1, A. N. PROSHIN2 and I. V. TEREKHOVA1
1Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Akademicheskaya 1, Ivanovo 153045 (Russia)
2Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnyi Pr. 1, Chernogolovka 142432 (Russia)
Keywords: циклодекстрины, 1, 2, 4-тиадиазолы, супрамолекулярные комплексы, растворимость, cyclodextrins, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazoles, supramolecular complexes, solubility

Abstract >>
Complexation of the derivative of 1,2,4-thiadiazole, exhibiting biological activity in therapy of Alzheimer's disease, with β-and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was studied using the methods of isothermal saturation and UV spectroscopy in phosphate buffer solution (рН 7.4). It was shown that the formation of the complexes with stoichiometric composition 1 : 1 involves the inclusion of the benzene ring of guest molecule, which is held in the macrocyclic cavity of the host mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin exhibits higher complex-forming and solubilizing capacity in comparison with β-cyclodextrin with respect to the biologically active compound.



16.
Properties of Composite Materials Based on Chitosan and Hydroxyapatite

E. V. VOLOSKOVA1,2, V. A. POLUBOYAROV1,2, F. K. GORBUNOV1,2 and E. I. AKOPOVA2
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
2Novosibirsk Technological Institute, Krasny Prospekt, 35, Novosibirsk 630099 (Russia)
Keywords: хитозан, гидроксиапатит, композиционный материал, получение, механические свойства, chitosan, hydroxyapatite, composite material, preparation, mechanical properties

Abstract >>
Composite materials based on chitosan with molecular mass 190 000 a.m.u. and hydroxyapatite with acerage particle size 20-30 nm with different filling degree were obtained. The optimal amount of hydroxyapatite (0.03 and 1 mass %) for modification providing an increase in film strength by 20 % was determined. Periodic change of the size of polymer grains during modification was revealed. The effect of such parameters as components ratio, compacting pressure and mold humidity on highly filled composite materials obtained by pressing was studied. The density, rupture and tensile strength, compression strength and apparent density of the obtained samples were determined.



17.
Nanopreparations of Bismuth and Silver for Presowing Treatment of the Seeds of Spring Wheat

V. A. SKRYABIN1, E. A. ORLOVA2, YU. I. MIKHAILOV3 and YU. M. YUKHIN3
1Siberian Branch of the All-Russia Research Institute of Cereals and Processing Products, Ul. Sibiryakov-Gvardeytsev 49/2, Novosibirsk 630088 (Russia)
2Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Selection, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region 630501 (Russia)
3Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
Keywords: яровая пшеница, нанопрепараты висмута и серебра, способы применения, урожайность, spring wheat, bismuth and silver nanopreparations, applicaiton methods, crop productivity

Abstract >>
Expediency of the application of results achieved in medicine, in the development of nanopharmaceutical materials with sharply increased antimicrobial activity, for plant cultivation was observed. It was established that these preparations provide plant protection against pathogens and unfavourable effects of abiotic nature. The stimulating action of bismuth and silver nanopreparations on the length of germs and roots of spring wheat exceeds the reference level by a factor of 1.2-1.3. The fungicide action of nanopreparations decreasing the development of the disease (root rot) by a factor of 2-4 was discovered. Optimal concentrations and standards of bismuth nanopreparation concumption for industrial tests in cereal production were proposed. Biologically active nanopreparation exceeds important seed disinfectants in efficiency, which opens the outlooks for import substitution in this area.