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"Philosophy of Education"

2014 year, number 6

1.
SPACE AND PROGRESS

V. V. Khartov
Federal Space Agency NPO Lavochkin, Str. Leningrad, 24, Khimki, Moscow. Region, Russia, 141400
Keywords: domestic education, space

Abstract >>
The article discusses the need for intensive research, fostering the progress in the field of further space exploration in a number of research directions. The first direction is the development of fundamental knowledge about the foundations of the universe. The second direction of efforts is a comprehensive understanding of all the processes of formation and evolution of the solar system. The third vector of efforts is to return to the space technology the role of an engine of technological progress in the framework of the existing technological wave. In addition, there is an urgent need for improving the space industry in terms of the structure and organization of work, introducing a modern system of quality management, as well as attracting promising specialists and mobile private enterprises.



2.
UPBRINGING OF THE SPIRITUAL PERSON OF THE SPACE–ORIENTED FUTURE (A ÐHILOSOPHICAL–EDUCATIONAL ASPECT)

N. V. Polishchuk
Rivne State Humanitarian University, str. Stepan Bandera, 12, Rivne, Ukraine 33000
Keywords: science, education, technics, technologies, reason, spirituality, morals, informational-highly technological progress, space-extraterrestrial civilization, image of the person of the future

Abstract >>
The author analyzes the prospects of the further cognition of the world and scientific-technical development of civilization during the epoch of modern informational-highly-technological progress. It is substantiated that only in the unity of reason and spirituality of mankind the space-extraterrestrial future of our civilization is possible. It is confirmed that the strategic purpose of philosophy of education is the formation of the space-extraterrestrial type of the person as an image of the person of the future. There is offered a conception of the perfect spirituality-moral personality as an image of the person of the space-extraterrestrial future, which the education system and philosophy of education should bring up already today. A scheme is developed of the revolutionary and spiritual development of mankind, according to which, after a social-economic phenomenon of the third wave in the form of scientific-technical revolution of the middle of the XX century, there is being realized the fourth wave (end of the XX and beginning of the ÕÕ² century), during which the information-highly-technological scientific-technical progress and educational-upbringing revolution are being realized, which provide considerably new knowledge, science, technics and technologies (including the space technologies), life-sustaining means and creation of a spiritually-moral society with high spirituality of the original Christians during the life of Jesus Christ. However, the irreversible contamination of the environment, negative changes of the climate, exhaustion of resources of the Earth and natural power sources, a demographic factor, local military conflicts have led mankind to catastrophic exhaustion of resources of life-support of earthmen, which leads to a total collapse in the middle of ÕÕ² century. Therefore, a point of bifurcation of the society is possible: whether the development of mankind will go along a space, highly spiritual way or a crisis of the society will come - spiritually-moral, eco-global, anthropological crisis, mental incompatibility and, as a consequence, the third world war ending in a crash of civilization, its disappearance from the surface of the Earth and, possibly, the Earth itself. In case of a positive spiritually-moral development of civilization, the fifth wave will come, within which a space revolution will takes place - moving of mankind into space, expansion of its vital space (cosmic expansion), because the planet Earth will not withstand enormous anthropological over-pressure (which already has begun now). It will become possible, when the mankind creates a space-highly-spiritual noospheric society, the further evolution of which will lead to creation of an advanced cosmic super-civilization. The latter will become possible, if the transition from «homo sapiens» to the highly-spiritual, space-extraterrestrial (divine) human being will be realized. In this case, such human space super-civilization will exist eternally.



3.
NEW EDUCATIONAL TRENDS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

I. A. Pfanenshtil, M. P. Yatsenko
Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy prospekt, 82, Krasnoyarsk
Keywords: educational trends, global trends, globalization, educational system

Abstract >>
The topicality of this article is due to the ambiguity of contemporary globalization processes, which are often in conflict with the educational traditions of a particular society. Information technologies create a new methodological basis on which the modern educational system can and should operate, because education is largely determined by the world-scale global trends specific to the information society. In today's domestic education there increasingly appear alien traditions which are imparted by the use of advanced information technologies. In particular, in the social networks there are often preached the ideas of «Westernism», which cast doubt on such important traditions of the national education system as the inseparability of learning and upbringing, together with its ethical orientation. Modern educational practice shows that the information innovations in education, along with quite a number of clear advantages, create some problematic situations. First, the ease of obtaining any information creates a light-minded approach to life. Second, the pursuit of promptness of getting information makes it impossible to take seriously its sources. Third, the pushiness of information flows leads to a gradual loss of the need for social communication. The most important principles, which reflect best the essence of global education, should be freedom, justice, humanity, peace, peace-making, non-aggressive thinking and behavior. The basis of all programs is the unity of human and national values, equality and equal rights of the subjects of international relations and others. However, in recent years there is more and more clearly manifested the duality of ethical standards that the West imposes on the entire world; and our school and college students as the most mobile category of the population of Russia clearly face that. In particular, they point out the ambiguity of such fundamental criteria of the Western way of life as democracy, freedom of speech, the priority of law. Reforming the domestic education on a fundamentally new basis, taking into account global trends, should be oriented to the future based on the traditions of Russian cosmism. The most important condition for the viability and prosperity of any civilization is a variety of ethno-national, social, cultural, religious and other elements, which constitute it and which are combined into a kind of community of states, nations and peoples.



4.
FUNDAMENTAL-ORIGINAL FOUNDATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

Ya. S. Turbovskoi
Institute of Education Theory and Pedagogy of the RAO, Str. Pavla Korchagina, 7, Korp. 1, 129626
Keywords: fundamental-original foundations of professional education, globalization, professional education, educational space, educational environment

Abstract >>
The author considers the problem of professional education to be especially urgent. The concepts of «professional education», «educational space» and «educational environment» are considered. Globalization and an urgent demand for real, not declarative competitiveness radically change our attitude towards such fundamental categories as «space» and «environment». Not only do we have to admit that «space» is an organic part of the «educational content», being a fundamental part of the education-upbringing process, but relate in different ways to the category of «environment», because «space» is able to relate and interact with different educational environments. If we assume that educational environment is the decisive factor of efficiency, then the urgent concern for finding ways of its historically claimed development cannot but determine the functioning of each higher education institution. This is not wishful thinking, but the requirement, without answering which the issues of competitiveness of domestic education will be addressed mostly at a declarative level. In the conditions of globalization, the «educational environment» as a factor that has the decisive influence on the formation and development of personality is objectively transformed into a basic criterion for the evaluation of quality and effectiveness of vocational education. In the conditions of globalization, the university cannot afford to be guided by formal criteria, the prevailing forms of control and examination tests. From the standpoint of requirements of professional competitiveness of the expert, vocational education cannot develop on the basis of average data and ratings. Professional education like no other should not be linked to the concept of «majority», but only to the concept of «everyone». In this regard, it seems that it should not only exercise a critical attitude towards the official ratings of the higher education institutions, but also acknowledge its historical dead-end character and lack of the future.



5.
SEARCHING THE MEANING OF EDUCATION: FROM THE CONCEPTUAL CULTURE OF SCIENCE TO THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF THE PERSON

N. P. Chupakhin, V. D. Pavlova
Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kiyevskaya ulitsa, 60À, Tomsk, 634061
Keywords: social, conceptual, spiritual and material subspaces of the cultural world, mathematical interpretation of philosophical concepts

Abstract >>
The article analyzes a possible approach to philosophical reflection on the process of spiritual formation of the cultural world of the person. In particular, there is revealed in a new fashion the meaning of education as a process of formation of a concept of nurturing the spiritual culture of the person on the basis of conceptual culture of scientific knowledge. The meaning-related component of this process is revealed through a new culturological concept of the culture of needs and capabilities Vista, built on the basis of four cultural spaces: social culture, conceptual culture, spiritual culture and material culture. Through the interrelation of the close interaction between cultural needs and capabilities of the person in his/her prospects of the developed consciousness, the main purpose of spiritual culture is defined as the formation in the society’s interest of a particular type of human personality in the relation with the society, nature and the real and the virtual world through the search for the meaning of education, through the possession of the culture of conceptual knowledge. There is also another aspect of the search for this meaning which is the formation of cognitive abilities of the person during the process of mastering the values of the spiritual world, enrichment and development of the higher consciousness of the individual. The third aspect of searching for the meaning of education is self-education and self-upbringing of spiritual, creative individuals, from which there is formed in the society a community of professionals (mostly, the intelligentsia), involved in the creation and development of spiritual values. The fourth aspect is the aspect of creation of the individual spiritual personal values with a strongly manifested system of motives of the fundamental, that is, ideal need of the person in education and his/her social need of using his/her capabilities for a wide range of establishment of the universal spiritual values of the whole mankind, general superior intelligence. Formation of the spiritual cultural person is the result of finding the meaning of education with the mutual correspondence of all the cultures of Vista. Therefore, among the strategic directions of development of education and science, it is necessary to provide a preferential right of science to the development of conceptual culture, and education should be instructed to pay more attention to upbringing of spiritual culture as a meaning-forming part of the construction of the cultural individual world of the person.



6.
VALUE-BASED POSITIVE ATTITUDE OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS TO THE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Z. A. Demchenko
M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina embankment, D. 17, Arkhangelsk, 63002
Keywords: research activities, value, value-based positive attitude, value-orienting (or evaluating) activity, organizational culture, new educational paradigm

Abstract >>
In the situation of consideration of the new educational paradigm, the development of innovative processes in higher education, addressing the problem of integration of science into education, the universities have to reconsider their attitude to the research activities of students (future potential of the scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel). The author sees the solution in the formation of value-based positive attitude of students towards the research activity. The author takes into account that at the present stage of modernization of Russian education, consistent with the post-industrial stage of development, the activity of pedagogical science and practice should be directed to the solution of the problem of updating the conceptual approaches (in terms of strengthening the theory of science) in the process of formation a value-based attitude of the subjects of the educational process towards this type of organizational culture based on the accumulated historical experience and taking into account the methodological foundations of the philosophical theory of values, modern etymological and epistemological analysis of values, the development of hermeneutic meaning of modern higher education and the role of pedagogical process in the development of this relationship. Based on this, the research activity of students is presented for the first time as a value — orienting (or estimating) activity and organizational culture. On the basis of modern epistemological analysis of values, the author introduced into the context of study an axiological triad of the attitudes of the subject to the research activities: value — passive or indifferent (null); value — negative, not willing (negative); value-based positive, desiring (positive). This allows justifying the preconditions and possibilities of the development of the value-based positive attitude of student towards research activities in the educational process of the University.



7.
ACADEMIC MOBILITY OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS OF RUSSIA: A CROSS–CULTURAL APPROACH

E. A. Kostina
Novosibirsk state pedagogical University, Vilyuiskaya str., 28, Novosibirsk, 630126, Russia
Keywords: academic mobility, cross-cultural approach, cross-cultural, competence

Abstract >>
Presently, the task of the Russian higher education system is its modernization, contributing to the increase of availability, quality and effectiveness of education. The development of academic mobility of students greatly facilitates the achievement of this goal.
Nowadays, the migration of the academically-oriented youth has become the central part of the world higher education system.
The specificity and the problems of the process of forming and developing students’ academic mobility in Russia can be seen in the following:
1) the unscheduled character of this activity;
2) its theoretical and methodological bases, special mechanisms of its realization and legal norms are not yet developed;
3) the absence of funding and the lack of competent professionals in this sphere.
Insufficient funding and poor knowledge of foreign languages are serious challenges to the process of academic mobility development. At the federal level the critical deficit in organizing academic mobility is the absence of a national body capable of solving a great number of problems connected with the development of international academic mobility. Thus, this task is a total responsibility of each separate higher educational institution. Taking this responsibility must be followed by realizing the strategic importance of this task for the individual higher education institution. Academic mobility is one of the most important sides of the process of integration of Russian higher education institutions and science into the international education space. Besides, academic mobility is an extremely important process for the personal and professional development, because every participant of the process faces the necessity to deal with life situations as well as to analyze them from the point of view of the native and “alien” cultures. Analyzing the situation in modern higher education, the author examines the process of organizing students’ academic mobility from the point of view of cross-cultural approach. Under the conditions of world globalization, the education systems of different countries are in the state of internationalization, the integral part of which is academic mobility. The author analyzes the basic dominants of academic mobility (including the phenomenon of cross-cultural communication and the notion of cross-cultural competence) in the context of cross-cultural approach. Cross-cultural competence is paid special attention to as far as it relates to the definition of the term itself and to the formation of communicative qualities of the cross-culturally competent personality. Students’ skills and abilities are emphasized, which are being developed during the process of academic mobility. By examining the Internet sites of the leading Russian high educational institutions we formulate the tasks of organizing students’ academic mobility. In conclusion the author stresses the necessity of cross-cultural approach to organizing students’ academic mobility for higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation to be able to join the international polycultural environment.



8.
«THIRD MISSION» OF THE UNIVERSITY AND THE PROJECT OF PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE: THE BODMER REPORT

N. V. Golovko1,2, E. A. Ruzankina3, O. V. Zinevich3
1Novosibirsk State University, str. Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolaeva str., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
3Novosibirsk State Technical University, Pr. Karla Marksa, 20, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: university’s third mission, entrepreneurial university, critical thinking, natural sciences in school, public understanding of science, W. Bodmer

Abstract >>
The paper aims to illustrate one of the key elements of the public understanding of science project — the Bodmer Report, in the light of the problem of many interpretations of the university’s third mission. In modern history the Bodmer Report is, essentially, one of the first appeals of scientists to the government and the public that substantially justify the necessity of formation in citizens of the scientifically-oriented foundations of worldview. The Report was prepared in 1985 by an initiative group under the guidance of the well-known British researcher W. Bodmer. Besides an analytical part it also contains a series of practical recommendations to the government, mass-media, scientific, educational and business societies, underlining the importance of understanding science via the observation that during life people, by definition, are involved into decision-making that affects every sides and aspects of life, and that better understanding of science causes better decision-making. In this sense the ideology of the Report is close to J. Habermas’s understanding of scientism and the necessity of society’s epistemic modernization. But in contrast to Habermas’s ideas, the Report is oriented in a far greater extent to the practice of realization of the ideas mentioned above. In particular, a lot of attention is paid to the structure of educational program at secondary school, the necessity to expand the part of such programs that is dedicated to natural sciences is confirmed not only by suggesting to increase the amount of class-hours devoted to main subjects like physics, biology and chemistry, but also by the suggestion to add to this subjects another important scientific disciplines like the Earth sciences. Aside from natural sciences, the importance of another subjects is also underlined, for example, economics, social management, ecology etc. Besides, it is noted that it is necessary to foster an understanding of statistics among the pupils, including understanding of the ideas of risk, uncertainty and contingency of natural and social processes that may be shown at the course of mathematics as well. It is worth to note that at the time the Report had caused a wide public resonance and became an ideological platform to a number of national and international scientific, governmental and public committees, societies and organizations that support the idea of development of public understanding of science, for example, COPUS in USA, SAOE in Great Britain, SIS in European Union, CPAS in Australia, SEPUST in Japan etc. In this paper the Report is considered as a significant part of understanding of the university’s third mission — engagement of the university into solving the problems that are important for the society. Our thesis is that it is insufficient to understand the third mission only as a problem of technology transfer. The importance and the depth of the problems of modern society, such as the problem of capitalization of knowledge or the problem of formation of the scientifically-oriented worldview — they are forcing university to transform and to find a new forms of answering to the society’s demands. The project of public understanding of science, the establishment of the corresponding Chairs in the universities, various public events — they are another form of the third mission realization which is connected with the main socially significant function of the university — to teach to think independently and to show the importance of rational critical reasoning.



9.
EDUCATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEALS OF CULTURE IN THE SOCIAL SYSTEM

M. V. Tarasova, V. I. Kudashov
Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy prospekt, 82, Krasnoyarsk
Keywords: system of education, educational ideal, social system, social ideal, system of culture, culture ideal, ideal creation, human relationship with the world, the law of social-cultural reflection

Abstract >>
The main purpose of the article is to investigate the educational mechanism of social transformations under influence of the process of creating culture ideals. While discovering the system principle of development of social-cultural space, it is important to understand the role of education in the interrelation of these two systems. The study shows the significance of the social system in the realization of a multi-layered educational activity generated by culture ideals. The ideals of culture are defined as regulators of social changes. The work helps to understand the nature of dialectic relationship between social and culture systems, to realize the mutual necessity of two systems in each other and to see the role of education in organization of this process. It is proved that culture is responsible for shaping the society and strengthening it with culture ideals. The study results in producing the law of social-cultural reflection: culture forms the society and in response the society helps culture in its development. The research allows the authors to state that the relationship between culture and society is operated through the education system. Ideals created at the basis of culture system later, in the form of educational ideals, produce an educational effect on the society where they get transformed again — into social ideals, which prove to be fundamental for the social system. Thus the transformational chain is discovered: an ideal of culture — educational ideal - social ideal. The ideals of culture lead to appearance of social ideals thus making the basis for the society, strengthening it with the help of their own educational potential. The system of culture based on ideals regulates the development of social system, generating social ideals as forms of their own educational activity. At the same time, the social system gives the system of culture essential human resources of individual implementation of ideals created in culture and thus helping culture to work regularly. Culture needs society as a field for actualization and extrapolation of those ideal representatives of human relationship with the world that were created in it. Society needs culture as a mechanism for its ideal organization. The ideals of culture are transformed into social ones by means of education. The cultural educational level of formation of a man-made system of education working by means of different social institutions is crucial for the regulation of the society with the help of culture ideals. Culture ideals are the origins of social transformations. The educational mechanism of ideal creation influences the process of social changes. The program of human relationship with the world, contained in culture ideals, creates individual viewpoints and general social ideology.



10.
TO THE QUESTION OF INTERPRETATION OF THE CATEGORY OF «CULTURE», DEFINITIONS OF THE CULTURAL AND LITERARY ELITE AND THEIR ROLE IN EDUCATION

E. V. Lazutkina
Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy prospekt, 82, Krasnoyarsk
Keywords: culture, cultural elite, literary elite, above-biological programs, savagery, barbarism, civilization, class states, globalizing world, criteria of literary elite

Abstract >>
The article examines the phenomena of culture and the cultural and literary elite. In the first part of the work, an analysis is given of the changes and evolution of the interpretation of the category of culture in the domestic philosophical thought of the Soviet and post-Soviet era of the last fifty years. In the broadest sense, culture is a heritage of humanity; figuratively speaking, it is the wings of humanity, the manifestation of its anthropo-cosmic essence. The modern social philosophy opposes absolutization of any national culture, because it is a dead-end and unscientific way of studying culture. At the same time, social philosophers criticize the concepts of cultural relativism and isolationism, which represent the global world as a set of isolated national cultures that exist independently of one another. The article analyzes a shortened version of the interpretation of the category of culture in the domestic socio-philosophical thought in the post-war Soviet and post-Soviet periods. In this context, a very fruitful and promising socio-philosophical and culturological concept of culture due to Academician V.S. Stepin is noted, which was developed by him in the last twenty years. The features of the category of «culture» are distinguished and the innovative nature of the definition of this category by V. S. Stepin is marked, who introduced the concept of «above-biological programs» and theorized a critical role of programming in culture. The author gives the definition of the cultural elite in the broadest sense, the cultural elite in the narrow sense, as well as the literary elite as one of its components. In addition, we identified some basic criteria for determining the literary elite.



11.
SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH IN THE STUDY OF ETHNOSOCIAL PROCESSES

E. A. Erokhina
Novosibirsk State University, str. Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: sociocultural dynamics, Russia, sociocultural approach, ethnosocial processes

Abstract >>
The article is devoted to the methodology of socio-cultural approach in the study of historical dynamics. We analyze the experience in the application of this approach to the research of socio-cultural dynamics of Russia. With reliance on modern versions of modernization theory we assume the possibility of making a distinction between modernization and westernization. This opens up a perspective of distinguishing, within the same historical period, of two or more cycles, each of which is associated with either westernization, or counter-westernization dominant idea of modernization, either has the significance which is transitional from one to the other dominant idea. The mechanisms of sustainable reproduction of westernazion and counter-westernization orientations in the process of government regulation of interethnic relations were brightly manifested, for example, in the alternation of mono-national (first quarter of the XVIII century, second half of the XIX century, 30–40s of the XX century) and multi-national (from end of the XVIII century to early XIX century, the first third of the XX century, 50–80s of the XX century) models of management of ethno-social processes. In this article the westernization trend of the government regulation is associated with carrying out a unification process (Russification) in the national politics, whereas the counter-westernization trend is associated with integration without homogenization. As a part of a single cycle, there are stably reproduced the pendulum oscillations of growth and decrease of activity of non-dominant and dominant ethnic communities, increase and stabilization of ethnic diversity, increase of inequity and levelling of competitiveness of ethnic groups. Three methodological principles are highlighted, which distinguish this approach from others when it is used in ethno-social studies: integration of three dimensions of human existence, revealing of persistent and changeable forms of socio-cultural dynamics, the orientation to the study of all forms of ethnicity.



12.
NEW DIRECTION OF HUMANISM

I. V. Vishev
South Ural State University, Avenue Lenina, 76, Chelyabinsk, 454080
Keywords: immortology, practical immortality of man, restoration of human life, the line of Socrates, the line of Epicurus, mortal materialism, immorto-materialism, humanism, immorto-humanism, cloning mammals and humans, cryonics, induced pluripotent cells

Abstract >>
There are considered the most important milestones in the search of personal immortality from Antiquity to immortology of our time, the emergence and evolution of the main historical forms of humanism, including immorto-humanism as a consistently optimistic form of modern humanism, which relies on the success of progress in science, technology and social development. Immortology, the science of immortality, starts from new philosophical ideas (life as a contradiction, the historicity of the laws of nature, expanding the scope of freedom to death and immortality of man, etc.), accept the modern challenges (significant aging of population, shortening of the productive period of life, modern demographic trends that threaten the under-population of the planet, and so on), takes into account the possibility of juvenology — a science about the ways of preserving and returning youth, moral-humanistic values of real personal immortality and many other factors. Literally on a daily basis, the scientific achievements supplement the arsenal of combating death in order to win over it. Along with such relentlessly developing fundamental scientific discoveries as a real possibility of human cloning (which is being artificially and unjustifiably impeded, not to mention completely unacceptable moratorium on these studies), further decoding of the human genome, manifold usage of the stem cell regeneration, the successes proteomics, cryonics, nanotechnology, computer immortality when the psychic information is encoded, transmitted to another material carrier and then returns to the cloned individual; and many others, there are revealed a fundamentally new ways and means of implementing the cherished dream of the humans of the real personal immortality. The most recent among them include the discoveries by John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, whose studies were awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.



13.
ANTINOMIES OF THE SYSTEM OF UPBRINGING FORMING THE ABSTRACT RATIONAL THING–ORIENTED THINKING

A. A. Danchay-ool1,2
1A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University, Lenin str., 5, 203, Kyzyl, Republic of Tuva, 667000
2Tuva State University
Keywords: antinomies, thinking, upbringing, dialectics, culture

Abstract >>
In this paper, the problem is indicated of the emergence of the antinomies containing in the purposes of the existing system of upbringing. It is noted that the rational thing-oriented thinking leads to a crisis of social order, further exacerbation of atomization and individualization of the person. The system of upbringing based on a rational approach to the definition of knowledge, cannot overcome the appearing antinomies, since the initial position has not solved the basic problem of verification of knowledge. A generation is being created, torn away from the reality and not seeing its own existence in the reality. Our education system does not take into account the holistic formation of the person and tries to instill higher faculties of spiritual formation in the beginning of this process. Dialectically, the formation and life activity of the individual person takes place in a «symphonic» personality, which is understood as a collective entity with certain features allowing selecting it from the subject of all mankind. Full-features personality must be formed to be active, as the human thought itself is active. The presence of activity allows a concrete historical community (the people) to transform a specific existence. An infinite sphere appears of understanding and implementation of individual and collective freedom. Labor as the ability to change the surrounding reality is the basis of human activity. Creative activity as a way of human activity produces a personality that is holistic and harmonious. Its establishment takes place while taking into account all the features and emotional development of all parties. The all-round development of the personality presupposes a greater degree of freedom in terms of creativity and social relations, life activity in dialectical unity with concrete historical community. This, in turn, points to the fact that such a person realizes his/her creative abilities.



14.
THE NATIONAL AND FOREIGN EDUCATION

V. N. Nikitenko
Institute of Complex Analysis of Regional Problems, Far-Eastern Branch of RAS, Str. of Sholom Aleichem, 4, Birobidzhan, 679016
Keywords: globalization, education, teaching, upbringing, the national and the foreign, value orientations, economy, market

Abstract >>
In the conditions of globalization in modern world, some nations and peoples inevitably are borrowing certain attributes of the foreign origin. These borrowing also occur in the national education systems. In this situation it is important to keep to the principle of national spirit, which K. Ushinskiy (a Russian pedagogue) substantiated yet in the middle of the XIX century. According with this principle, the national education systems, while borrowing from the educational systems of other countries, preserve the national spirit. It is possible to borrow the foreign scientific achievements, enriching the content of learning through them. The foreign systems of upbringing cannot be borrowed. The national education, which incorporates the achievements of world science into teaching and the relevant folk traditions into upbringing, is capable of exerting a decisive influence on the sustainable joint development of the society and nature. The topicality of the article consists in that it reflects an attempt to define the limits of the permissible in borrowing the foreign in the educational sphere. To solve this problem, we use a methodology of analysis of theoretical views and the experience of borrowing the foreign in education. The foreign is defined as something that originated in the educational systems of other countries.



15.
MOTIVATION OF TRAINING SOLUTION: THEORETICAL ASPECT

T. A. Kononova
Novosibirsk Military Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Klyuch-Kamishenskoye plato, 6/2, Novosibirsk, 630114
Keywords: motivation, learning activity, contemporary education, learning-cognition interest, meaning of learning, a need to learn

Abstract >>
The author analyses the content and essence of the problem of motivation for solving the training problems at the contemporary stage of education development. A theoretical aspect of the issue is investigated in the article. The interrelation and hierarchic composition of the motivational sphere of pupils’ learning as well as its main components are shown. Thus, the formation of motivation is substantiated not only as the increasing of either positive or negative attitude towards learning, but as sophistication of the motivational sphere’s structure, the motives there and appearance of new relations between them. The topicality of the studying the problem of motivation hardly needs any justification. A stable cognitive interest of pupils, their motivation is the central criterion of the effectiveness of the educational process. Motivation for learning is a key factor of modern education, since to the teacher’s attention there come not only the pupil’s learning, but also student's personal development, the formation of his/her ideals and value orientations. In the practical activity of the teacher and the school psychologist, the question of learning motivation is a burning one. At that, it is very important to understand what determines the motivation. How is it related to adaptation to school? Does the educational motivation depend on the relations with teachers and parents? And in general, what happens to learning motivation during the school years? We believe that pedagogy and psychology will become humanistic, when all the problems of training, including the problem of learning motivation, are viewed through the prism of pupil’s personal growth.



16.
COMPETENCE–BASED APPROACH AND NEW EDUCATIONAL PARADIGM

O. V. Pozharnitskaya
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, Tomsk, 634050
Keywords: quality of education, competence-based approach, competency, competence, higher education institution, school, life-long learning

Abstract >>
In the article the theoretical and empirical publications devoted to research of competence-based approach are systematized and analysed. The concept of the proposed hypothesis is based on justification of using a total competence-based approach, starting from the realization of the programs of the general secondary, secondary professional education, programs of higher education, the personnel retraining courses, and up to the formation of competences within an enterprise. Solving the problem of effectiveness of the implementation of the competence-based approach is possible in the process of systemic development of integral interaction between the related parties, which provides sustainable development of the system of acquiring the key, basic, personal, professional competencies. The entire education system must be built in accordance with a unified competency model «pupil — student — worker». The proposed model allows solving some existing problems, in particular, the problem of continuity of «school — higher education institution», the problem of the «university — enterprise» relationship, the problem of fragmentation of training. There should be established a consistent and contradiction-free procedure for the formation of competencies, which takes into account the use of total competence approach, the mutually greed actions of the pariticipants of the «school — university — enterprise» process. As a result, the creation is possible of a viable scheme of interaction, as well as the formation of a multi-level system of competences formation.



17.
PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL FORMS OF SELF-NAVIGATION AT SCHOOL (A METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT)

S. A. Stepanov
Novosibirsk state pedagogical University, Vilyuiskaya str., 28, Novosibirsk, 630126, Russia
Keywords: education forms, self-navigation, tutoring, pedagogical ontologies, practices of individualization

Abstract >>
In the article, the problem of methodological support of the pedagogical assistance to pupils’ self-navigation is considered. The material of the article is based on the synthesis of personal experience of the author and the experience of the colleagues-tutors. Taking into account the personal experience and the experience of fellow tutors, we note a number of specific points in the tutor model in the ontology of formation and development: 1) actions in a situation of uncertainty, not carrying out of a program. Since others are not given knowledge about where the incarnate person is going to strive and move, it is always necessary to extend a definition, to explore, to clarify the situation, each time to reconstruct the situation of the pupil, the direction of his/her movement, to coordinate the direction and means; 2) specific knowledge about support and self-navigation. On one hand, the tutor must possess a chart of the environment, where the pupil is to move and use its resources, and, on the other, the tutor must help him/her develop some techniques of self-navigation and self-organization. 3) the personal experience of self-navigation. The success of understanding another person as becoming another requires an ability to reconstruct its internal states, subjective action and fix them by some internal markers of one’s own movement. Therefore, more effective support is provided by the tutors who themselves have realized their experience of becoming, transforming themselves, who themselves may compose their own map of self-navigation. The author of the article considers institutionalization of educational forms of new educational practice of individualization and tutoring, associated with support of the process of self-navigation of the pupils in the educational institution, as a problem that requires changing the ontological concepts in the educational community. The author links the idea of self-navigation with the concept of «practices of oneself» by M. Foucault.



18.
PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENT SOCIALIZATION

G. V. Mitina
Far Eastern State University of Humanities, Str. Karla Marksa, 68, Khabarovsk
Keywords: primary school student socialization, anthropological, environmental, activity and personality approaches

Abstract >>
The author addresses the problem of philosophical understanding of the process of the primary school student socialization. On the basis of analysis of the historical views on the nature of man, society and culture, the anthropological, environmental, activity and personality approaches are considered to be the methodological foundation of this process. The level of development of society and the level of development of the members of this society are interdependent. Consequently, while supporting socialization of the junior pupil, it is important to create conditions for the individual development of each child through organization of the developing educational environment. Educational environment should act as a prototype of the socio-cultural environment, allowing the child to recognize and build his/her own system of relations. The developing social-typical relationships of the child shape his/her personality. The socio-cultural environment of the educational institution creates a cultural space, in which the child through the development of various symbols as products of social development and the development of self-consciousness absorbs the socio-historical experience, thus he/she socializes.



19.
«LANGUAGE LANDSCAPE» AS A CATEGORY OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY

L. P. Zagorulko
Novosibirsk Military Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Klyuch-Kamishenskoye plato, 6/2, Novosibirsk, 630114
Keywords: social philosophy, linguistic/language landscape, world order, interaction of globalization and language processes

Abstract >>
The language changes, taking place in the post-Soviet Russia, require the development of conceptual framework and methods for tracing the globalization and linguistic processes in collaboration. One of such methods, in our view, can be the method of «language landscape», allowing one to explore the language status of the society as a whole, in contrast to the «linguistic landscape» as a method of investigating the language problems only. The author believes that changing of the language landscape depends on the geopolitical processes. Therefore, it is necessary to talk about «language landscape» category not only from the point of view of Linguistics, but also from the perspective of social philosophy. Since language as a universal medium of communication reflects changes in all spheres of society, the conceptual scope of the «language landscape» term should not be limited to the linguistic framework. The problems facing society in the context of globalization are complex and their solution requires interaction of all the sciences. It is for philosophy that the studies of social interactions are important, because they confirm the urgency of the problem of interaction of languages in terms of the development of society. According to the author, in this context the notions of «language landscape» and «world order» can be seen as synonyms, since language problems could help resolve many contradictions, which at first sight have nothing to do with Linguistics. Study of the language landscape in terms of social philosophy is conditioned by that the metaphor is such a categorical phenomenon in which initially a dual entity is put, which is expressed in terms of ontological dualism, creating an opportunity for studying metaphor from different positions. Since the study of language landscape involves a complex study, whereas philosophy is called to provide a generalized vision of the subject areas of various sciences, the category of «language landscape» as a research method of social philosophy allows one to identify issues that require further study in various aspects.