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Home – Home – Jornals – Chemistry for Sustainable Development 2013 number 5
2013 year, number 5
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S. A. DENISOVA1, N. N. OSTANINA2, A. E. LESNOV2 and O. S. KUDRYASHOVA1
1Perm’ State University,
Ul. Bukireva 15, Perm’ 664990 (Russia)
E-mail: lesnov_ae@mail.ru
2Institute of Technical Chemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Akademika Koroleva 3, Perm’ 614013 (Russia)
Keywords: delaminating system, solubility isotherm, oxyphos B, extraction
Pages: 441–444
Abstract >>
In the paper we proposed to use the delaminating system water – oxyphos B – sodium sulphate for the purposes of extraction. Solubility isotherms have been obtained for the system at 25 °Ñ. Concentration ranges have been established for the region of two-phase liquid equilibrium. An interphase distribution of certain metal ions has been studied at a concentration thereof equal to 1 · 10–4 mol/L in the presence of HCl or H2SO4.
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N. V. ZHURAVLEVA1, O. V. IVANYKINA1 and Z. R. ISMAGILOV2
1West Siberian Test Center JSC,
Ul. Ordzhonikidze 9, Novokuznetsk 654006 (Russia)
E-mail: zsic@mail.ru
2Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sovetskiy Pr.18, Kemerovo 650000 (Russia)
E-mail: iccms@iccms.sbras.ru
Keywords: ash-and-slag waste, toxic elements, gross forms of elements, mobile forms of elements, water-soluble forms of elements
Pages: 445–452
Abstract >>
Toxic element distribution in ash-and-slag wastes from the fuel-and-energy complex of the enterprises of Kemerovo Region was studied. The mobile species of copper, nickel, zinc, lead are revealed to migrate into the groundwater. It is demonstrated that the ash-and-slag wastes in the case of contacting with water become a source of toxic elements (vanadium, molybdenum, arsenic, nickel, zinc, manganese and chromium). The content of these elements in groundwater in the territory of ash-and-slag dumps and adjacent natural water sources significantly exceeds the maximum permissible concentration thereof in water.
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N. S. KOBOTAEVA, D. A. KANASHEVICH, A. V. BORILO, T.S. SKOROKHODOVA and E.E. SIROTKINA
Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademicheskiy 4, Tomsk 634021 (Russia)
E-mail: nat@ipc.tsc.ru
Keywords: carbon (II) monoxide oxidation, catalysts, hopcalite
Pages: 453–457
Abstract >>
Catalysts for carbon (II) monoxide low-temperature oxidation were studied. It is demonstrated that wastes from water treatment plants those are formed in the course of water purification from iron can be used as catalysts in the mentioned process.
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N. I. KOPYLOV1, YU. D. KAMINSKY1, ZH. DUGARZHAV2 and B. AVID2
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
E-mail: kolyubov@narod.ru
2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Academy of Sciences of Mongolia,
Ul. Mira 4, Ulaanbaatar 210351 (Mongolia)
E-mail: dugar21mn@yahoo.com
Keywords: black coal, Tavantolgoy deposit, thermal analysis, thermal decomposition, agglomeration, gaseous, low melting and volatile coal components, mechanochemical activation
Pages: 459–463
Abstract >>
The results of experiments on DTGA of black coal from the Tavantolgoy deposit (Mongolia) are presented. It was discovered that intense voluminous expansion and at the same time agglomeration of coal material occur during thermal decomposition. This process is accompanied by the removal of gaseous, low melting and boiling components of coal. The effect of preliminary mechanical activation and its duration on the character of separation of thermolysis products was demonstrated. The suitability of coal without additional binding additives for briquetting was established.
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N. I. KOPYLOV1, YU. D. KAMINSKY1, ZH. DUGARZHAV2 and B. AVID2
1Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
E-mail: kolyubov@narod.ru
2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Academy of Sciences of Mongolia,
Ul. Mira 4, Ulaanbaatar 210351 (Mongolia)
E-mail: dugar21mn@yahoo.com
Keywords: brown coal, Baganur deposit, thermolysis, gaseous component, thermal analysis, agglomeration
Pages: 465–470
Abstract >>
Thermolysis of brown coal from the Baganur deposit (Mongolia) was studied. It was established that this coal is distinguished by the high content of gaseous component (up to 40 %) and low content of the liquid fraction (up to 7 %). The decomposition of the material starts at a temperature of about 200 °Ñ. Within the whole heating temperature range (up to 650 °Ñ) the material does not get agglomerated; the final product of thermolysis is loose graphite-like material.
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A. V. MASHKINA and L. N. KHAIRULINA
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
E-mail: amash@catalysis.ru
Keywords: catalysts, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl sulphide, methanol
Pages: 471–478
Abstract >>
Reaction between dimethyl disulphide and methanol at 250–400 °Ñ was studied under the influence of catalysts having strong acidic centers on the surface thereof such as amorphous aluminosilicate, zeolites HNaY and HZSM-5, and aluminochromium catalysts. In the presence of these catalysts, the major product of the reaction is presented by dimethyl sulphide that is formed via the interaction of one disulphide molecule with two molecules of methanol. Among aluminosilicate catalysts, the greatest activity is exhibited by pure zeolite HZSM-5; in the case of modifying the zeolite by cobalt or chromium oxides the catalytic performance thereof is not improved. Catalysts containing chromium oxide on aluminum oxide appeared to be efficient in the formation of dimethyl sulphide, whereas the activity thereof increases with increasing the content of chromium in the catalyst. The rate of the reaction in the presence of chromium catalysts increases in direct proportion with increasing the concentrations of methanol and dimethyl disulphide, as well as with increasing the temperature. The apparent activation energy is equal to (67±2) kJ/mol. The reaction between methanol and dimethyl disulphide in the presence of aluminochromium catalysts occurs selectively and with a high productivity with respect to DMS.
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K. V. MISHCHENKO and YU. M. YUKHIN
Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk 630128 (Russia)
E-mail: kseniya.kuznetsova@gmail.com
Keywords: bismuth oxocarbonate, high-purity compounds, chemical synthesis, nitric solutions
Pages: 479–483
Abstract >>
The formation of bismuth (III) oxocarbonate (BiO)2CO3 was studied by means of X-ray phase analysis, electron microscopy and chemical analysis. Comparative analysis of different methods of obtaining bismuth oxocarbonate was carried out: bismuth precipitation from nitric solutions with the addition of ammonium carbonate and with the inverse order of reagent addition, as well as the interaction of solid bismuth oxohydroxonitrate with the aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate. The reasonability of the synthesis of fine crystalline highly pure bismuth (III) oxocarbonate through the interaction of oxohydroxobismuth (III) nitrate monohydrate with the solutions of ammonium carbonate.
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R. R. POTOKINA1, N. V. ZHURAVLEVA1 and Z. R. ISMAGILOV2,3
1West Siberian Test Center JSC,
Ul. Ordzhonikidze 9, Novokuznetsk 654006 (Russia)
E-mail: zsic@mail.ru
2Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Sovetskiy Pr.18, Kemerovo 650000 (Russia)
E-mail: iccms@iccms.sbras.ru
3Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University,
Ul. Vesennyaya 28, Kemerovo 650000 (Russia)
Keywords: coal, gas content, maximum methane content, methane, coal seam, adsorption, desorption
Pages: 485–489
Abstract >>
Direct and indirect methods for studying the gas content of coal seams are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of volumetric, gravimetric and dynamic methods are demonstrated with respect to the estimation of potential methane content.
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G. M. SKURIDIN1, O. V. CHANKINA2, A. A. LEGKODYMOV3, N. V. BAGINSKAYA1, V. K. KREIMER1 and K. P. KOUTSENOGII2
1Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
E-mail: skuridin@bionet.nsc.ru
2Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
3Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 11, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Keywords: elemental composition, synchrotron radiation, sea buckthorn fruits
Pages: 491–498
Abstract >>
An elemental composition inherent in the ripe fruits of the Siberian sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. mongolica Rousi) endemically growing in West Siberia was studied. By means of X-ray fluorescence analysis with the use of synchrotron radiation, a quantitative content of K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pb in the fruits of sea buckthorn and in the soil, as well as biological absorption coefficients for these elements were determined. It has been found that sea buckthorn fruits accumulate titanium, niobium, chromium, zirconium at relatively high quantities with respect to averaged over-ground phytomass, whereas they accumulate manganese, cobalt, vanadium, calcium, lead, strontium, copper, rubidium, scandium, and zinc at relatively low quantities. It has been established that the fruits of sea buckthorn do not concentrate toxic chemical elements such as lead and arsenic.
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S. V. BAZARSADUEVA1 and L. D. RADNAEVA1,2
1Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Sakhyanovoy 8, Ulan Ude 670047 (Russia)
E-mail: bselmeg@gmail.com
2Buryatia State University,
Ul. Smolina 24a, Ulan Ude 670000 (Russia)
Keywords: deep-water Baikal amphipoda, fatty acid composition
Pages: 499–502
Abstract >>
For the first time the fatty acid composition of deep-water Baikal amphipoda Ommatogammarus albinus sampled with the help of deep-water manned submersible units «Mir» was studied. Using the technique of chromatography–mass spectrometry, in the tissue of Baikalian amphipoda there have been 40 fatty acids observed those exhibit different unsaturation level with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, 18:1n9. A high ratio 18:1n9/18:1n7 and relatively low ratio values 16:1n7/16:0 and 20:5n3/22:6n3 indicate that deep-water amphipoda Ommatogammarus albinus belong to necrophages.
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YU. A. GISMATULINA and V. V. BUDAEVA
Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Sotsialisticheskaya 1, Biysk 659322 (Russia)
E-mail: ipcet@mail.ru
Keywords: Russian miscanthus, ash, fat-wax fraction, cellulose according to Kurschner, nitric acid method, α-cellulose, residual lignin, level of polymerization
Pages: 503–508
Abstract >>
Chemical compositions were determined for two miscanthus crops harvested from one-year-old and two-year-old plantations (the whole plant, stems and leaves taken separately). The content of non-cellulosic components (fat-and-wax fraction, ash, acid-insoluble lignin) in the leaves was revealed to be higher as compared with the corresponding parameters for the stems, whereas cellulose and pentosans in the stem are prevailing. It has been demonstrated that the cellulose species obtained with the help of a nitric-acid method from the leaves and stems, taken separately, are varying in quality and yield. The ash level and the residual lignin content inherent in the cellulose obtained from leaves is higher than that for the cellulose obtained from the stems, whereas the mass fraction of α-cellulose and the polymerization level of cellulose obtained from the leaves are lower as compared to those for the cellulose produced from the stems. It was found that the cellulose from the miscanthus stems taken from two-year-old plantations, is characterized by a high quality: the mass fraction of α-cellulose is equal to 94 %, PL 800, ash content 0.07 %, the mass fraction of residual lignin 0.5 %, that of pentosans amounting to 0.4 %.
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M. N. DENISOVA and V. V. BUDAEVA
Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Sotsialisticheskaya 1, Biysk 659322 (Russia)
Å-mail: ipcet@mail.ru
Keywords: hydrotropic cooking, miscanthus, universal thermobaric unit, technical grade cellulose, lignin
Pages: 509–513
Abstract >>
A process of cellulose producing from miscanthus by means of a hydrotropic method using a universal thermobaric unit was studied. An expediency of additional washing the technical grade cellulose by hydrotropic solution was vindicated. Main characteristics are presented for the products obtained depending on the conditions of delignification. The hydrotropic method for processing the cellulose-containing raw materials has been demonstrated to be universal with and the results being reproducible.
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M. P. SEMUSHINA1, K. G. BOGOLITSYN1,2, A. YU. KOZHEVNIKOV1,2 and D. S. KOSYAKOV1,2
1Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University,
Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny 17, Arkhangelsk 163002 (Russia)
2Institute of Ecological Problems in the North, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny 23, Arkhangelsk 163061 (Russia)
Keywords: sorption, propellant, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, UDMH, lignin
Pages: 515–519
Abstract >>
The sorption properties of technical-grade lignins were studied with respect to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. It has been found that the lignin obtained by means of hydrolysis exhibits a high sorption capacity with respect to 1,1-dimethylhydrazine owing to a greater number of active sorption centers. Dynamics has been studied for binding unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine by the hydrolytic lignin.
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I. A. PAVLOV, V. F. BURDUKOVSKY and S. S. PALITSYNA
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Ul. Sakhyanovoy 8, Ulan Ude 670047 (Russia)
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A. P. KRYSIN
Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Keywords: natural and synthetic phenol antioxidants, properties of antioxidant system, prophylactics of diseases, intermediate products of synthesis and properties of phenolic modifyers of polymers, synthesis of hybrid antioxidants
Abstract >>
The antioxidant system of protection in humans is presented in the general form, and unfavourable factors affecting this system are characterized. The scientific and technological achievements in the chemistry of phenol antioxidants and modifying agents, aimed at the improvement of the characteristics of polymer products for consumers and an increase in the lifetime of products under extreme performance conditions are considered.
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