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Avtometriya

2013 year, number 3

1.
THRESHOLD BINARIZATION OF IMAGES BASED ON THE SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS OF TRUNCATED DISTRIBUTIONS

I. S. Gruzman
Novosibirsk State Technical University, pr. Karla Marksa 20, Novosibirsk, 630092 Russia
isgruzman@gmail.com
Keywords: threshold, image binarization, skewness, kurtosis, truncated distribution

Abstract >>
An heuristic method for determining the binarization threshold is proposed which is stably operating for bimodal and unimodal histograms of observed images. A measure based on the skewness and kurtosis of truncated distributions is proposed to choose the threshold. Experimental studies have shown that binarization can be successfully performed regardless of differences in class size.



2.
EFFICIENCY OF OPTIMAL JOINT DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF IMAGE AREAS WITH SPATIAL NOISE

A. P. Trifonov, K. A. Zimovets, Yu. E. Korchagin
Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia
trifonov@phys.vsu.ru
Keywords: maximum likelihood algorithm, Bayesian algorithm, characteristics of algorithms, statistical modeling

Abstract >>
Bayesian and maximum likelihood algorithms are considered. A comparative analysis of their effectiveness is performed. The results are specified for an image in the shape of an ellipse with linearly varying intensity.



3.
SPECTRAL DENSITY OF A FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN PROCESS

E. L. Kuleshov, B. N. Grudin
Far Eastern Federal University, ul. Sukhanov 8, Vladivostok, 690950 Russia
kuleshov@lemoi.phys.dvgu.ru
Keywords: fractional Brownian process, correlation function, spectral density, periodogram

Abstract >>
A model of a fractional Brownian process is defined by its structural function with a Hurst exponent α ∈ (0, 1). It is proved that the spectral density of this process exists and coincides with the known power-law relationship only for values of the exponent α ∈ (0, 1/2]. In the range of α ∈ (1/2, 1), the spectral density does not exist and the periodogram estimate of the exponent has a constant value equal to 1/2. The theoretical results were verified by modeling trajectories of the process, calculating periodograms, and estimating the spectral density exponent.



4.
EFFECT OF BILATERAL FILTRATION ON FRACTAL ESTIMATION OF OPTICAL IMAGES OF LOADED MATERIAL SURFACES

S. V. Panin1,2, Yu. A. Altukhov1, P. S. Lyubutin1, A. V. Byakov1, S. A. Khizhnyak3
1Institute of Strength Physics and Material Science, Siberian Branch, pr. Akademicheskii 2/4, Tomsk, 634021 Russia
svp@ispms.tsc.ru
2Tomsk Polytechnic University, pr. Lenina 30, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
3Sukhoi Design Bureau, ul. Polikarpova 23B, Moscow, 125284 Russia
elk@okb.sukhoi.org
Keywords: filtration, fractal dimension, noise estimate

Abstract >>
The influence of adaptive bilateral filtration on the calculation of the fractal dimension of optical images is estimated. Filtration parameters are chosen on the basis of various criteria. The use of the maximum dispersion of the probability as the most effective parameter of estimating the image filtration quality is considered.



5.
AUTOMATED METHOD FOR STUDYING THE DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF A MATERIAL DAMAGED BY A THERMAL FATIGUE CRACK NETWORK

I. B. Konovalenko, P. O. Maruschak
Pulyui Ternopil National Technical University, ul. Russkaya 56, Ternopil, 46001 Ukraine
icxxan@gmail.com
Keywords: image, identification of cracks, multiple cracking, deformation behavior

Abstract >>
This paper presents a method for analyzing the fracture kinetics of a sample with multiple defects by calculating the change function of a crack image histogram. A method of automated identification of defect location is developed based on processing photo images of a surface with multiple defects taken at various stages of deformation of the investigated template. Experiments have confirmed that this method can be used to detect cracks whose direction coincides with one of the axes of the image.



6.
ADAPTIVE PREDICTION OF FOREST FIRE BEHAVIOR ON THE BASIS OF RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS

V. I. Kozik, E. S. Nezhevenko, A. S. Feoktistov
Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
kozik@iae.nsk.su
Keywords: computer simulation, forest fire, recurrent neural network, data assimilation, Kalman filter

Abstract >>
A method of modeling a dynamic process on the Earth surface, for instance, a forest fire, with the use of a recurrent neural network is proposed. The learning process of the neural network, similar to the process of data assimilation in GIS technologies, is described. A method of acceleration of neural network learning by using the Kalman filtration is proposed. The efficiency of its application is analyzed, and the neural network parameters at which it is reasonable to use the Kalman filter are determined.



7.
HIGH-PRECISION TIME SYNCHRONIZATION OF CONTROL PROCESSES IN OFFSHORE OIL EXPLORATION

M. S. Khairetdinov1, N. V. Yurkevich2
1Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 6, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
marat@opg.sscc.ru
2Novosibirsk State Technical University, pr. Karla Marksa 20, Novosibirsk, 630092 Russia
nicolay 14283@mail.ru
Keywords: continuous seismic profiling method, GPS synchronization, CSP structure, test model, synchronization quality

Abstract >>
This paper considers the problem of improving the accuracy of time synchronization of sounding acoustic signals and recording of the pulses reflected from the seabed in offshore hydrocarbon exploration. The main method of exploration is continuous seismic profiling (CSP). The method is based on the analysis of the structure of an acoustic signal reflected from geological horizons. In this case, the possibility of resolving thin-layer structures is mainly determined by the accuracy of time synchronization. An instrumental method for increasing the required accuracy is proposed. A feature of this synchronization method is the use of dynamic autocorrection to add time corrections to the main devices of CPS systems, such as navigation, source control, and record control units, after each synchronization cycle with external GPS signals. This approach differs the proposed method from the traditional one. A test model created by this method showed that the guaranteed synchronization error is in the range ± 2 µs, while the technical requirements allow for errors not less than 1000 µs.



8.
INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES

V. N. Vyukhin, Yu. A. Popov
Institute of Automation and Electrometry, ul. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
vvn@iae.nsk.su
Keywords: measuring circuit, measuring head, semiconductor structures, delta-sigma ADC, amplifier

Abstract >>
This paper presents an instrument designed to study temperature dependences of the small-signal capacitance and current of semiconductor structures in the range from −180 to +300 ºC.



9.
MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DIFFRACTION GRATINGS: AREAS OF APPLICABILITY AND PROSPECTS

E. G. Kostsov, I. V. Knyazev
Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
kostsov@iae.nsk.su
Keywords: MEMS, diffraction gratings, electrostatics, ferroelectric

Abstract >>
The structure and specific features of operation of microelectromechanical systems, micromirror devices, and diffraction gratings controlled by an electric field are considered. Elements of microelectromechanical diffraction gratings and some applied problems solved with the use of these gratings are described. A new element of the microelectromechanical diffraction grating based on using dielectric materials with a high dielectric permeability in the gap between the electrodes is proposed. As compared with available analogs, this element has a lower control voltage, a higher clock frequency, and better processability. The characteristics of the new element and available analogs are compared.



10.
LOW-FREQUENCY RAMAN SCATTERING OF LIGHT BY SILVER NANOPARTICLES

S. V. Adichtchev1, M. V. Das’ko1, L. L. Sveshnikova2, N. A. Eryukov2, A. G. Milekhin2, V. K. Malinovsky1, N. V. Surovtsev1
1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
adish@ngs.su
2Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
svesh@isp.nsc.ru
Keywords: low-frequency Raman scattering of light, metal nanoparticles

Abstract >>
Silver nanoparticles sprayed onto a crystalline quartz substrate are characterized by means of the low-frequency Raman scattering. Contributions of silver nanoparticles of different sizes to the Raman scattering spectrum are estimated. Data of scanning electron microscopy are used to verify the validity of the results obtained.



11.
GENERATION OF THE SECOND HARMONIC OF LASER RADIATION IN POWDERS OF PURE AND DOPED POTASSIUM NITRATE IN THE TEMPERATURE INTERVAL OF 25–160 ºC

B. I. Kidyarov1, V. I. Kovalevskii2, V. K. Malinovsky2, A. M. Pugachev2, A. F. Rozhkov3
1Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 13, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
kidysrov@isp.nsc.ru
2Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
mvk@iae.nsk.su
3Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 5, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
rozhkov@igm.nsc.ru
Keywords: potassium nitrate, crystal growth, ferroelectric phase transition, generation of the second harmonic

Abstract >>
The temperature dependence of the intensity of generation of the second harmonic of laser radiation with λ = 1.064 µm in various powders of extra-pure potassium nitrate is studied. The powders are obtained from crystals grown in a KNO3–Ba(NO3)2–H2O water–salt system. It is demonstrated that the centrosymmetric phase is crystallized from pure solutions. If Ba(NO3)2 is added to the solution, non-centrosymmetric phases of KNO3 or 2KNO3 · Ba(NO3)2 double salt are formed. As the crystals are cooled down from the temperature of 160 ºC, the samples display a ferroelectric phase transition and a hysteresis relaxation dependence of the nonlinear optical response due to the method of sample preparation.



12.
FINDING FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION ANISOTROPY FROM DIGITAL MICROIMAGES OF CELLS

I. G. Pal’chikova1,2, L. V. Omel’yanchuk3, N. V. Kamanina4, S. N. Makarov1,2, E. S. Smirnov1,2
1Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering, ul. Russkaya 41, Novosibirsk 630058 Russia
palchikova@tdisie.nsc.ru
2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
3Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
ome@mcb.nsc.ru
4Vavilov State Optical Institute, Birzhevaya Liniya 12, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
nvkamanina@mail.ru
Keywords: digital microimage processing, fluorescence polarization anisotropy, homo-FRET, proteins, GFP-labeled

Abstract >>
Methods are developed to record and process microimages which are suitable to obtain quantitative information about the fluorescence polarization anisotropy caused by resonance energy transport between green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled proteins in a living cell. The methods allow for accurate detection of dimers and higher order associates for GFP-labeled proteins. Protein-protein interaction between subunits of the trimeric GFP protein was recorded. The sources of hardware inaccuracies were found and ways to eliminate them were proposed, which reduced the coefficients of data variation by an order of magnitude in comparison with the previously obtained values.



13.
WAVEFRONT RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON THE RESULTS OF LIGHT-FIELD CONVERSION BY A SHACK–HARTMANN SENSOR

V. V. Lavrinov1, L. N. Lavrinova1, M. V. Tuev1,2
1Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pl. Akademika Zueva 1, Tomsk, 634055 Russia
lnl@iao.ru
2Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050 Russia
reistlin_magare@mail.ru
Keywords: Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor, wavefront reconstruction, centroid coordinates

Abstract >>
The efficiency of adaptive correction of turbulent distortions of optical radiation depends on corrector control using information obtained by a wavefront sensor. A wavefront reconstruction algorithm based on analyzing the spatial transformations of the wavefront during passage of the light field through a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and controlling the operation of the system is proposed.



14.
INVESTIGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF THE EFFECTIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF OPTICAL SOL-GEL WAVEGUIDES USING A PELTIER MODULE

S. V. Pavlov, N. S. Trofimov, T. K. Chekhlova
Russian University of Peoples’ Friendship, ul. Ordzhonikidze 3, Moscow, 117198 Russia
light_crusader89@mail.ru
Keywords: integrated optics, optical waveguide, effective refractive index, the sol-gel process, thermooptic coefficient, thermoelectric Peltier module

Abstract >>
A method for studying the temperature dependence of the effective refractive index of optical waveguides was proposed and tested. The samples were heated using a Peltier thermo-optic module. This technique is simple and easy and improves the measurement accuracy and capabilities of temperature studies of optical waveguides and the materials from which they are made. Obtained dependences can be used to determine the thermo-optic coefficient of film materials. The method was tested on optical waveguides using SiO2–TiO2 films produced by sol-gel technology.