Home – Home – Jornals – Chemistry for Sustainable Development 2006 number 5

The possibility to use self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) for obtaining stable icosahedral quasi-crystals in the system 65 at. % Al + 20 at. % Cu + 15 at. % Fe was established as a result of X-ray and electron microscopy investigations, both for a mixture of the initial metal powder mixture and after their mechanical activation for a short time. Icosahedral quasi-crystals formed during SHS are shaped as pentagonal dodecahedrons 2

Results of the extraction of humic acids (HA) from the oxidized brown coal of the Gusinoye Ozero deposit with the help of the solutions of sodium, potassium and ammonium hydroxides are presented.
A comparison of the yields of HA for different ratios of an alkaline solution to coal and duration of ultrasonic treatment (sonication) of alkaline humate-containing extracts or without ultrasonic treatment (settling) is carried out. The amounts of acidic functional groups (phenol and carboxyl) in HA and in the initial oxidized coal are determined.

A comparative investigation of the nature of substances adsorbed on the surface of continental atmospheric aerosol particles sampled in the industrial and background regions of the Novosibirsk District and Yamal-Nenets Region, as well as the marine atmospheric aerosol sampled in the region of the White Sea is carried out by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry.

Using WATEQ4F computer code, chemical speciations of coexistence of heavy metals in superficial waters of the Novosibirsk reservoir have been calculated. Although the code allows one to calculate only complexes of metals with inorganic ligands, conclusions of a general character have been drawn on the bioavailability and potential ecological danger of particular chemical speciations of metals in a specific water body. Based on the large evidence of long-term monitoring studies, enrichment of living matter, particularly the plankton, by certain metals has been revealed, the metals being available in the water of the Novosibirsk reservoir in the most mobile and consequently the most available forms, namely, free non-complex ions and hydroxo and carbonate complexes. Peculiar features of microelemental composition of the plankton of the Novosibirsk reservoir as compared to that of the bottom silt are its enrichment by P, Br, Cd, Ca, Zn, Cu, and by Pb to a lesser degree. By and large, the revealed low values of enrichment factors (10

Solid solutions on the basis of strontium cerate that was doped with yttrium or gadolinium (SrCe0.95Y0.05O3 

Petroleum samples from two holes of the Verkhne-Salatskoye deposit (the holes Nos. 118 and 122) have been studied. It has been found that they differ essentially both in their content of pitchy and aromatic components and in the composition of paraffin-naphthene hydrocarbons, which defines the features of their deposit formation. Accordingly, the process of sludge formation for a petroleum sample from the hole No. 122 that is characterized by a higher than usual content of pitchy components starts at a temperature of 50 oC. The process of deposit formation for a petroleum sample from the hole No. 118 occurs at 70 oC.
A decrease in the temperature of a petroleum flow leads to the predominantly dendritic type crystallization of paraffin hydrocarbons and to an increase in the structural amorphism of the petroleum deposit.

Sorption of selenium (IV) ions from the solutions of sodium selenite on natural zeolite-containing tuff from the Kholinskoye deposit (Transbaikalia) and on the tuff form modified with protein hydrolysate is investigated. Optimal conditions for tuff modification with protein hydrolysate are chosen. The zone of the safe action of selenium-containing tuff is determined using the test culture Tetrachimena pyriformis.

Methods of UV and IR spectroscopy,

A potentiality has been disclosed to obtain new types of natural/synthetic polymers with the use of the radical grafting method on the basis of humic acids (HA) that have been extracted from wastage of coal mining. Conditions for obtaining graft copolymers of HA with vinyl monomers are described. An assumption has been made about the inhibiting effect of radical centres in aromatic system of HA on processes of the inoculation of vinyl monomers to them. It has been demonstrated that modification of HA and coal matter by polymers makes it possible to enrich their functional composition with new oxygen-containing functional groups. It has been found that cation-exchange capacity of the received coal and humic copolymers increases with an increased number of acid groups in their composition and with the ionisation degree in a series from coal to its copolymers and from HA to their modified forms. The sorption exchange capacity of the new derivates that has been investigated in relation to ions of sodium, copper, and nickel is 1.1

The data on the synthesis routes and the possibilities to modify the structure of linear alkaloids of natural origin

Reaction of catalytic hydrogenation of natural compounds (limonene, a-pinene, b-pinene, camphene, 3-carene) on

The interaction of oxohydroxo bismuth (III) nitrate trihydrate with ammonium bromide solutions is investigated by means of X-ray phase analysis, thermogravimetry, electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis. The reasonableness of obtaining high-purity bismuth (III) oxobromide of the composition BiOBr from metal bismuth after its preliminary oxidation with the oxygen of the air is demonstrated. Thus formed bismuth oxide is dissolved in nitric acid (1 : 1); bismuth is purified from the accompanying metals by means of its precipitation in the form of oxohydroxo bismuth (III) nitrate trihydrate and treatment of the resulting precipitate with NH4Br or HBr solutions at a temperature of (60

The bibliometric analysis of the scientific publications of Academician V. A. Koptyug during the years 1953

The largest over several recent years All-Russian Conference with international participation