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2025 year, number 1
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Настоящим выпуском мы открываем очередной том журнала «Оптика атмосферы и океана». Журнал был создан в соответствии с Постановлением Президиума АН СССР № 859 от 15 сентября 1987 г., в котором сказано: «Поручить Институту оптики атмосферы Сибирского отделения АН СССР всю необходимую работу для обеспечения регулярного и своевременного выпуска журнала». Пост главного редактора журнала «Оптика атмосферы» был доверен академику В.Е. Зуеву.
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M.V. Tarasenkov, E.S. Poznakharev, A.V. Fedosov, A.N. Kudryavtsev, V.V. Belov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: water - atmosphere interface, scattered laser radiation, non-line-of-sight optical communication, visible wavelength range, unmanned aerial vehicle
Abstract >>
А non-line-of-sight optical communication line with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) through the “water - atmosphere” interface allows removing the limitation of UAV position within the transmitting system divergence angle during communication session. The capabilities of such a communication line were not considered in previous works. The capabilities of a non-line-of-sight optical communication line between an underwater transmission system and an UAV located in the atmosphere are experimentally and theoretically estimated. The field experiments demonstrate the possibility of organizing stable non-line-of-sight optical communication between the underwater transmission system and the UAV at baseline distances of 90 m and UAV flight altitude of 30 m. The simulation of a communication line shows that the useful signal is formed mainly by radiation scattered in the atmosphere in the considered communication scheme at small baseline distances. At large baseline distances, the useful signal is formed by radiation scattered in the water. Therefore, at high water turbidity (visibility depth is 3 m), the useful signal is the highest. The results made it possible to analyze the main patterns in the formation of a useful signal in the communication line under study and are the basis for the creation of such systems.
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I.D. Musikhin1, V.V. Kapustin1, A. Movchan1, E.S. Poznakharev2, M.I. Kuryachy1, A.A. Tislenko1, S.A. Zabuga1
1Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: inhomogeneous medium optical radiation propagation, active pulse television measuring system, normalized depth map, retrieval of measuring function form
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The paper evaluates the effect of backscattering interference (BI) on the forms of measuring functions of active pulse television measuring systems (AP TMS) in terms of range. Methods for retrieving the shape of the AP TMS range measuring function in translucent media have been developed. To minimize the effect of BI, methods of calculating and subtracting coefficients, as well as a method of removing the constant component of the spectrum are suggested. The proposed methods were tested with 30 experimental video record obtained in a large aerosol chamber (LAC) for two multi-zone range measurement methods and five meteorological media. The best result was achieved when using the method of calculating and subtracting coefficients for video record with the operation of AP TMS in the multi-area range measuring mode (MARMM): the average SD was reduced by 4.5 times.
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V.P. Yushkov
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: turbulence, adiabatic fluctuations, available energy, dissipation rate of sound speed fluctuations
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The development of the turbulence theory should be aimed at studying not only incompressible vortices but also the adiabatic component, first of all, pressure and density fluctuations. The intensity of the pressure fluctuations is compared with fluctuations of the potentially available energy of Lagrangian particles. An equation linking the smoothing of entropy fluctuations with the rate of generation of adiabatic fluctuations is proposed. The rate constant of entropy fluctuation smoothing is estimated from measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer. This constant allows us to relate the integral spatial scale of turbulent vortices to the standard deviation of the sound speed fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer. Estimates of the adiabatic noise amplitude in the turbulent medium are constructed and the relation between its energy, and the correlation time of the vortex velocity fluctuations is shown.
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G.I. Gorchakov1, A.V. Karpov1, R.A. Gushchin1, O.I. Datsenko1, E.G. Semoutnikova2
1A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: largescale smoke haze, smoke aerosol, optical characteristic, black carbon, brown carbon, selective absorption, imaginary part of index of refraction, spectral dependence, AERONET
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The smoky haze that occurs during massive forest fires radically transforms the radiation regime of the atmosphere over large areas, which is significantly influenced by the variability of the imaginary part of the refractive index of smoke aerosol. The variability of shortwave radiation fluxes in a smoke-laden atmosphere is driven by variations in the optical and microphysical properties of smoke aerosols, including the spectral dependencies of the imaginary part of the refractive index. These dependencies are determined by the presence of black carbon, brown carbon, and radiation-selective absorbing organic compounds in the aerosol particles. This study analyzes the aforementioned spectral dependencies using AERONET data during large-scale wildfires in Alaska in 2019 and Canada in 2023. The analysis includes cases of extreme radiation absorption by black and brown carbon, where the imaginary part of the refractive index at a wavelength of 440 nm reached 0.50 and 0.27, respectively. Variations in the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the refractive index during moderate manifestations of selective absorption of smoke aerosol during massive fires in Alaska and Canada are analyzed. Approximations for the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the refractive index are proposed. Estimates of aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere are given for extreme manifestations of radiation absorption in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions by black carbon and brown carbon and during anomalous selective absorption. The results indicate a need in the detailed study of large-scale atmospheric smoke.
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B.D. Belan1, N.V. Dudorova1, S.N. Kotel’nikov2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
2Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: O3, ground-level ozone, air pollution, health, morbidity, community-acquired pneumonia
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Community-acquired pneumonia is among the most common acute infectious diseases. According to official statistics, pneumonia accounted for up to 50% of respiratory-disease mortality in the Russian Federation in 2005-2017. Ground-level ozone, being a key component of urban smog, is one of little-studied risks of community-acquired pneumonia. This work studies the effect of ground-level ozone on the rate of community-acquired pneumonia among Moscow residents in the warm season over a five-year period (2006-2009 and 2011). The study results have enabled us to conclude that ground-level ozone contributes to an increase in the community-acquired pneumonia rate among Moscow residents in summer. Daily average concentrations of ground-level ozone of 60-80 μg/m3 can increase the community-acquired pneumonia rate by 30% compared to low-ozone periods, especially in combination with unfavorable weather conditions, such as high air temperature and low humidity. The results will help human ecologists and health care professionals to make the urban air safer.
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E.G. Kablukova1, V.G. Oshlakov2, S.M. Prigarin1,3
1Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
3National Research Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: polarized radiation, polarization degree, Stokes parameters, multiple light scattering, Monte Carlo method, laser instrumental navigation system
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Algorithms for stochastic simulation of a polarized signal arriving at a photodetector matrix of an aircraft navigation system are developed. The Monte Carlo method is used to estimate angular distributions of Stokes parameters of radiation recorded by the receiver, and the effect of scattering of different order on the total recorded signal and its polarization degree is analyzed. Calculations of the signal intensity using linear polarization filters are performed. The constructed algorithms allow one to estimate the efficiency of the laser navigation system taking into account the polarization of radiation for various meteorological conditions and the possibility of increasing the signal contrast by using polarization filters.
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V.A. Korshunov
Federal State Budgetary Institution Research and Production Association Typhoon, Obninsk, Russia
Keywords: stratospheric aerosol, lidar, biomass burning aerosol, brown carbon, aerosol optical model
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Biomass burning aerosol has essential effect on radiation properties of the stratosphere. Some known data about this aerosol type are referred to the cases of dense and localized in altitude aerosol layers. Optical properties of it’s background component remain unknown. The processing of two-wavelengths (355 and 532 nm) lidar measurements at Obninsk city in 2012-2023 is fulfilled to determine them. Lidar data interpretation is performed on the basis of two-component model of stratospheric aerosol proposed in this work. Along with the main component (sulfuric acid aerosol), biomass burning aerosol (brown carbon) is considered. As a result, the optical thickness of brown carbon aerosol in 10-30 km layer is estimated at ~ 0.012 and 0.0013 for extinction at 355 and 532 nm and ~ 7.1 × 10-3 и 3.5 × 10-4 for absorption at the same wavelengths. Data presented may be used in the development of advanced radiation models of the stratosphere.
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D.A. Marakasov, A.A. Sukharev, R.Sh. Tsvyk
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: supersonic jet, fluctuations, spectrum, sensing laser beam, vortex
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A promising method for studying the flow structure in turbulent supersonic jets is the contactless method of laser transillumination. Interpretation of the experimental results is a non-trivial task, especially with respect to turbulence, due to the spatial inhomogeneity of the fields of gas-dynamic characteristics. In this article, the spectral composition of turbulence in axially symmetric jets in the root region (before the closure of the mixing layers) is analyzed based on laser sensing results. The results of experimental studies of intensity fluctuations of a laser beam propagating through a supersonic flooded jet are presented. The spectral fluctuation power density fully corresponds to the known experimental and calculated spectra for a moving turbulent medium, with the exception of the high-frequency interval. The spectrum in this interval is a superposition of two power components, one of which is close to the known value -14/3 and the other is smaller. It is shown that this is due to the difference in motion velocities and the structure of vortex flows in the outer and inner mixing layers. The results can be used in calculating gas-dynamic characteristics and acoustic radiation of jet engines.
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O.A. Romanovskii1, S.V. Yakovlev1, S.A. Sadovnikov1, A.A. Nevzorov1, A.V. Nevzorov1, O.V. Kharchenko1, N.S. Kravtsova1, Yu.V. Kistenev1,2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: lidar, DIAL, greenhouse gas, atmosphere, laser sensing, greenhouse effect
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An increase in the level of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere due to natural and anthropogenic impacts is currently considered a determining factor in climate change and global warming. In this regard, there is an urgent need for the development of new technologies for remote monitoring of greenhouse gases with high spatiotemporal resolution and accuracy, namely laser remote (lidar) systems, which allow, in contrast to standard contact methods of gas analysis, more accurate and informative measurements of concentrations of greenhouse gas components of the atmosphere. The characteristics and description of differential lidars for monitoring methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, and other gas components are given. The results of the development of ground-based stationary differential absorption lidar systems for laser remote sensing of the main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in recent 25 years have been systematized and analyzed. The review of stationary differential absorption lidars for monitoring greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can be useful to specialists in the field of developing systems for remote gas analysis of the atmosphere.
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